The Northern RenaissanceThe Northern Renaissance

Libertyville HSLibertyville HS

Similarities / Diff. of North,

Italian R.

Similarities / Diff. of North,

Italian R.SimilaritiesSimilarities

• Same religion, until 1517 (Catholicism)

• Same economic system (guilds)

• An artistic center– In Italy, Florence– In North, Burgundy (in

Belgium)

• Same religion, until 1517 (Catholicism)

• Same economic system (guilds)

• An artistic center– In Italy, Florence– In North, Burgundy (in

Belgium)

DifferencesDifferences• North had one small, rich

duchy, Burgundy• A few large, centralized

states = less innovation, merchant power

• North had fewer artists spread over larger area

• North had less focus on Greek, Roman revival; instead, focus was on religious reform

• North had one small, rich duchy, Burgundy

• A few large, centralized states = less innovation, merchant power

• North had fewer artists spread over larger area

• North had less focus on Greek, Roman revival; instead, focus was on religious reform

The Printing Press

The Printing Press

• Chinese invention that was independently developed in Europe

• Invented around 1444– Guild secret– Gutenberg used indiv.

reusable letters– New ink to stick to metal

• 1455: First book off printing press = Bible

• Chinese invention that was independently developed in Europe

• Invented around 1444– Guild secret– Gutenberg used indiv.

reusable letters– New ink to stick to metal

• 1455: First book off printing press = Bible

Impact of Printing Press

Impact of Printing Press

• By 1500 = 20 million books printed

• By 1600 = 140-200 million books printed

• Cheap books + large supply = more literacy

• Education became accessible to regular people (esp. universities)

• By 1500 = 20 million books printed

• By 1600 = 140-200 million books printed

• Cheap books + large supply = more literacy

• Education became accessible to regular people (esp. universities)

Scientific Revolution accelerated b/c scientists learned from each other

Printing press allowed Protestant Reformation b/c ideas spread quickly

Flanders / Belgium

Flanders / Belgium

• Center of Northern Renaissance were the Dukes of Burgundy

– Rich, from wool and banking

– Patrons of the arts– Artists flocked to

Bruges, Brussels

• Duchy eventually conquered, divided between France, HRE

• Center of Northern Renaissance were the Dukes of Burgundy

– Rich, from wool and banking

– Patrons of the arts– Artists flocked to

Bruges, Brussels

• Duchy eventually conquered, divided between France, HRE

FranceFrance

• Charles VII (1403-1461) brought Ren. ideas from Italy – started French Ren.

• Erasmus (1466-1536)– Dutch humanist & Catholic

reformer (Disagreed w/ Luther)

– “Philosophy of Christ”: church departing from selfless love, piety

– Translated Bible from Greek– In Praise of Folly – satire of

Church

• Charles VII (1403-1461) brought Ren. ideas from Italy – started French Ren.

• Erasmus (1466-1536)– Dutch humanist & Catholic

reformer (Disagreed w/ Luther)

– “Philosophy of Christ”: church departing from selfless love, piety

– Translated Bible from Greek– In Praise of Folly – satire of

Church

EnglandEngland

• “Elizabethan Age” = Ren. England

• Elizabeth I (1558-1603)– The “Virgin Queen”– Great patron of the arts

• Francis Bacon: scientific method

• Ben Jonson: Poet, actor, playwright

• Christopher Marlowe: poet, actor – spy?

• “Elizabethan Age” = Ren. England

• Elizabeth I (1558-1603)– The “Virgin Queen”– Great patron of the arts

• Francis Bacon: scientific method

• Ben Jonson: Poet, actor, playwright

• Christopher Marlowe: poet, actor – spy?

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare

• Considered greatest writer of English language

• Wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets

• Popular during life: called the “Bard of Avon”

• Considered greatest writer of English language

• Wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets

• Popular during life: called the “Bard of Avon”

Northern Renaissance PaintersNorthern Renaissance Painters• Characteristics

– Less @ anatomy, perspective

– More @ mastery of technique, detail of subject

• Great Artists of Period– Hubert van Eyck (1385-1426)– Jan van Eyck (1390-1441)– Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)– Hans Holbein (1497-1543)

• Characteristics– Less @ anatomy,

perspective– More @ mastery of

technique, detail of subject

• Great Artists of Period– Hubert van Eyck (1385-1426)– Jan van Eyck (1390-1441)– Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)– Hans Holbein (1497-1543)

Hubert van Eyck – 3 Marys at the Tomb

Northern Renaissance PaintersNorthern Renaissance Painters

Hubert & Jan van Eyck, Altarpiece of Ghent Albrecht Durer – Adoration of the Magi

Northern Renaissance PaintersNorthern Renaissance Painters

Durer, Mary with the Squatting Child Hans Holbein, The Artist’s Family

Northern Renaissance PaintersNorthern Renaissance Painters

Holbein, Portrait of Henry VIII Holbein, Jane Seymour

Northern European ArchitectureNorthern European Architecture• Medieval architectural style

= Gothic– Many cathedrals, abbeys,

etc. built in style

• During late 15th and into 16th centuries, architecture evolved into fusion of Italian Ren. and local preferences

• Medieval architectural style = Gothic

– Many cathedrals, abbeys, etc. built in style

• During late 15th and into 16th centuries, architecture evolved into fusion of Italian Ren. and local preferences

Gothic Cathedral, Reims France

Examples of French Renaissance Architecture

Examples of French Renaissance Architecture

Chateau de Chambord (combo Gothic / Ren)Château de Chenonceau, Loire

Examples of English Renaissance Architecture

Examples of English Renaissance Architecture

Burghley House, 1587 Hardwick Hall, 1597

Other Examples of Renaissance Architecture

Other Examples of Renaissance Architecture

Esztergom Basilica – HungaryThe Escorial - Spain