The Northern The Northern RenaissanceRenaissance

The Spread of HumanismThe Spread of Humanism

Printing Press (c. 1456)Printing Press (c. 1456) Johann GutenbergJohann Gutenberg – spread of humanistic – spread of humanistic

literature to rest of Europe.literature to rest of Europe. By 1480, 380 printing presses in Europe (1000 By 1480, 380 printing presses in Europe (1000

by 1500)by 1500)

Christian HumanismChristian Humanism

Attempted to find a balance between Attempted to find a balance between religious and secular concernsreligious and secular concerns

Rejected the “otherworldliness” of the Rejected the “otherworldliness” of the Middle Ages.Middle Ages.

Emphasis on early church writings for Emphasis on early church writings for answers to improve society.answers to improve society.

Christian Humanist WritersChristian Humanist Writers

Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus (Erasmus of (Erasmus of Rotterdam) (1466-Rotterdam) (1466-1536) – 1536) – In Praise of In Praise of FollyFolly; ; most famous most famous intellectual of his intellectual of his timestimes, , criticized the criticized the church: “Erasmus lay church: “Erasmus lay the egg that Luther the egg that Luther hatched”hatched”

Christian Humanist WritersChristian Humanist Writers

Thomas MoreThomas More (1478-1536) – (1478-1536) – UtopiaUtopia – creates – creates ideal society on an ideal society on an island; but to achieve island; but to achieve harmony and order harmony and order people have to people have to sacrifice individual sacrifice individual rightsrights

Christian Humanist WritersChristian Humanist Writers

Jacques Lefevre d’EtablesJacques Lefevre d’Etables (1454-1536): (1454-1536): leading French humanist; produced 5 versions leading French humanist; produced 5 versions of the Psalms that challenged a single of the Psalms that challenged a single authoritative Bible.authoritative Bible.

Francesco Ximenes de CisnerosFrancesco Ximenes de Cisneros (1436- (1436-1517): reformed Spanish clergy and church, 1517): reformed Spanish clergy and church, Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish InquisitionGrand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition

Northern Renaissance ArtsNorthern Renaissance Arts

Low Countries (Dutch Republic, Low Countries (Dutch Republic, Flanders and parts of Germany, etc) Flanders and parts of Germany, etc) produced especially important produced especially important artists.artists.

Jan and Hubert Van EyckJan and Hubert Van Eyck First successful use of oil paintingFirst successful use of oil painting Worked mainly in Ghent, Worked mainly in Ghent,

Belgium.Belgium.

Jan Van Eyck- Jan Van Eyck- Adoration of the Adoration of the LambLamb

Jan Van Eyck – Jan Van Eyck – Arnolfini MarriageArnolfini Marriage

Peter Brueghel (1520-1569) Peter Brueghel (1520-1569)

Focused on lives of ordinary Focused on lives of ordinary people.people.

Painted great landscapesPainted great landscapes Also worked on religious subjectsAlso worked on religious subjects Completed most of his work in Completed most of his work in

Antwerp and BrusselsAntwerp and Brussels

Peter Brueghel – Peter Brueghel – Peasant WeddingPeasant Wedding

Peter Brueghel – Peter Brueghel – The Tower of BabelThe Tower of Babel

Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)

German – foremost German – foremost northern Renaissance northern Renaissance artist artist

Famous for woodcuts Famous for woodcuts and engravings.and engravings.

Paintings include a Paintings include a number of self number of self protraitsprotraits

Albrecht Durer – Albrecht Durer – The Last SupperThe Last Supper

Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543) 1543)

Son of Gothic artist.Son of Gothic artist. German painter who German painter who

studied in Italystudied in Italy Painted portraits of Painted portraits of

Erasmus, Thomas Erasmus, Thomas More, King Henry More, King Henry VIII, his wives, and VIII, his wives, and Mary TudorMary Tudor

Hans Holbein – Hans Holbein – The AmbassadorsThe Ambassadors

Hans Holbein – Hans Holbein – Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Domenikos El Greco (1541-1614): Domenikos El Greco (1541-1614): painter: mannerismpainter: mannerism

Vernacular WritersVernacular Writers

FranceFrance Francois Rabelais’Francois Rabelais’ (1494-1553) (1494-1553)

Gargantua Gargantua andand Pantagruel Pantagruel Michel de Montaigne Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) (1533-1592)

Essays Essays relativist in religion and relativist in religion and moralitymorality

Vernacular WritersVernacular Writers

EnglandEngland Edmund SpenserEdmund Spenser Christopher MarloweChristopher Marlowe William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare Ben JonsonBen Jonson

Vernacular WritersVernacular Writers

Spain Spain Miguel de CervantesMiguel de Cervantes Felix Lope de VegaFelix Lope de Vega