THE OBJECTIVE IS TO LEARN THE ART OF LIVING WITH HAZARDS

PROTECTING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURES FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

HAZARD-SAFE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

Organized by Ministry of Urban Development and National Institute of Disaster Management

NEW DELHI, INDIA, 9TH JUNE 2010

Dr. P K DASConsultant UNDP

WE MUST KNOW THE TYPES AND INTENSITIES OF HAZARDS OF OUR PLACE OF LIVING

• HAZARD VULNERABILITY DISASTERS

• URBAN AREAS ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISASTERS

– DUE TO THE CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION – DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT DUE CONSIDERATION TO HAZARDS– NON COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODES– INADEQUATE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS– GENERAL LACK OF AWARENESS, PEOPLE NEED TO BE INFORMED CLIENTS

WHILE BUYING APARTMENTS OR HOUSES– AND …..

STRONG POLITICAL WILL

PREMISE OF THIS SESSION

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HAZARD

CAPACITY +

AWARENESS IN

FRA

STRUCT

URE“MINIMIZE

VULNERABILITY”

Out of many issues- the three most important ones have been adopted in this session

MDGs CLIMATE RISKS

MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security.

MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education

Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education

MDG 3: Promote gender equality andempower women

Additional burdens on women's health

MDGs 4, 5 and 6: Reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases availability of potable water.

Greater prevalence of vector- and waterborne diseases,

MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems

Commitment to Hyogo Framework

MAINTAIN for at least 50 years

LIFE CYCLE OF A BUILDING

Planning, design & implementation

Replace /revitalise

Implementation

Backward linkage- scope for community involvement and employment generation in new construction

Forward linkage- continuous scope for community involvement, upgrade facilities, prolong building life, improved skills, maintain high quality learning environment and employment generation

MAINTAIN for at least 50 years

LIFE CYCLE OF A BUILDING

Planning, design & implementation

Replace /revitalise

Implementation

Backward linkage- scope for community involvement and employment generation in new construction

Forward linkage- continuous scope for community involvement, upgrade facilities, prolong building life, improved skills, maintain high quality learning environment and employment generation

Collapse due to poor quality/ and non-compliance with the

disaster-safety features

FOR SUSTAINABILITYMAKE SURE THAT THE DEVELOPED INFRASTRUCTURE

LIVES UPTO THE DESIGNED LIFE SPAN

IN URBAN AREAS WE NEED TO HAVE PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTER-SAFETY IN:

1. New Construction

2. Retrofitting of existing buildings

3. Temporary or intermediate construction in the immediate aftermath of a disaster.

4. Repairs, rehabilitation, reconstruction and retrofitting for damaged buildings.

WE BEGIN WITH HAZARDS FIRST

Vulnerability

• The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damage due to a hazard.

• Examples may include poor design and construction of buildings,

Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause

loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources,

.

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HAZARD

CAPACITY +

AWARENESS IN

FRA

STRUCT

URE

“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”

LETS REITERATE THE QUESTIONDO WE KNOW THE HAZARD SITUATION OF THE PLACE WHERE WE ARE LIVING?

MYANMAR

DISTRIBUTION OF FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

Max flood depth 0.4 m

Max flood depth 0.9 m

Max flood depth 1.8 m

Max flood depth 3m

Max flood depth > 3m

AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT CAN HAPPEN WITH INADEQUATE PREPAREDNESS

about 850 USD per affected child in the 12 SIDR damaged districts of Bangladesh-

Cost of Response: Super cyclone SIDR, Bangladesh, 15th November, 2007

MHZ 1a & 1b

MHZ 2a

MHZ 1b

MHZ 2c

MHZ 2b

MHZ 2d

MHZ 2e

MHZ 3a

MHZ 3b

MHZ 3c

MHZ 3d

MHZ 3d

MHZ 1a highest seismic zone flood prone Z=0.25

MHZ 1b Highest seismic zone Z= 0.25

MHZ 2a Cyclone high risk area, surge height > 1m, seismic zone II Z= 0.075

MHZ 2b Cyclone risk are , surge height < 1m, seismic zone II Z= 0.075

MHZ 2c high wind area. No surge, seismic zone II Z= 0.075

MHZ 2d seismic zone II Z= 0.075

Flood area

MHZ 2e Seismic zone II Z= 0.075

MHZ 3a Cyclone high risk area surge height > 1m, seismic zone II Z= 0.15MHZ 3b high wind area. No surge, seismic zone II Z= 0.15MHZ 3c seismic zone II Z= 0.15Flood areaMHZ 3d Seismic zone II Z= 0.15

BNBC 1993:6-53

Multi hazard map Bangladesh

MULTI-HAZARD MAP: EXAMPLE ORISSASOURCE:UNDP, NEW DELHI

MULTI-HAZARDS: IN MALDIVESLHAVYANIHinnavaruRAA Ungufaru

LAAMU Gan

GAAF DALUThinnadhoo

OCCURRENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED HAZARDS : MALDIVES

• PVA OUTPUT

INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED VULNERABILITIES: MALDIVES: UNISDR, 2008

High risk pre+primary

57.67%

High risk secondary + HS

28.46%

Less risk A+B , 13.87 %

86% school children live in high and very high infrastructure vulnerability

SUMMARY: HAZARDS

• Invest on knowing hazards at local level

• Develop multi hazard map/ Micro Zoning

• Make an audit of population concentration in different hazard zones

• Land use plan according to the hazards

• Transform the MH map to a decision making format

• Make this accessible to the people

• Use mass media for campaign

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HAZARD

CAPACITY +

AWARENESS IN

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STRUCT

URE

“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”

LET US NOW LOOK AT THE ISSUE OF INFRASTRUCTURE

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HAZARD

CAPACITY +

AWARENESS IN

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URE“MINIMIZE

VULNERABILITY”

• Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise,

• This refers to roads, water supply, sewers, power grids, telecommunications,

– In some contexts, it may also include basic social services such as schools and hospitals.

TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURE

• UNDERGROUND• Water distribution• Sewerage network• Metro rail

• SURFACE• Roads

• SUPERSTRUCTURE• School• Hospital• OH water tank• Electrical power station• Communication tower• Heritage buildings

Vulnerability of infrastructure depends upon

• BUILDING TYPE • SOIL TYPE• LEVEL OF CONGESTION OF

STRUCTURES• ACCESS ROAD WIDTH• DEGREE OF MAINTENANCE AND AGE• POPULATION DENSITY• TIME • AND ……….

INTERVENTIONS THAT MAY TAKE PLACE

• Town/city level– Perspective plan– Land-use plan

• Neighbourhood level– Road width FAR/FSI– Layout

• Building level– Bye laws– Building approval process– Maintain an ASSET REGISTER and continuous

monitoring of physical conditions of the existing infrastructure

– Additions and alterations restrictions

EXAMINE THEM IN THE LIGHT OF THE LATEST CODES FOR SAFETY OF

INFRASTRUCTURE-

THEY HAVE CHANGED CONSIDERABLY OVER THE YEARS

ZONING OF ANJAR ACCORDING TO SBC AND GEOLOGICAL

STRATAREDEVELOPMENT PLAN 2001-2002

RETROFITTING

• RETROFITTING IS UPGRADING THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE TO MEET THE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF THE LATEST CODES

RETROFITTING NEED CAN BE DUE TO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING REASONS

• Infrastructure not designed as per the codes

• Upgrading of codes

• Upgrading of seismic zone

• Deterioration of strength on aging of the structure

• Modification of the existing structures affecting its strength adversely

• Change in the use of the building

RETROFITTING IS LIKE AN INDIAN SADHU

RETROFITTING

NON STRUCTURAL MITIGATION

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February 27th 2010 Maule, Chile Earthquake

SUMMARY: INFRASTRUCTURE

• Make sure that the design and construction comply with BIS codes

• Promote the culture of periodic maintenance

• Mechanism for examining safety of existing buildings- computerized asset register

• Monitor additions and alterations and change of use

• Retrofitting requirements• Non structural mitigation• And ……

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“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”

CAPACITY AND AWARENESS• CAPACITY

• Architecture and engineering colleges

• Government and municipal engineers architects

• Professional architects and engineers

• Construction workers• Supervisors• contractors

• AWARENESS• General people

through mass media• Administrators• And…

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AWARENESS

INFR

A ST

RUCTURE

“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”

SUMMARY: AWARENESS AND CAPACITY BUILDING

• For Zone IV and V architects and engineers should have certificate of special training

• Encourage trained construction workers of different trades- incentives for the contractors who employ such people

• Contractors to have certificates to practice in Zone IV and V for important buildings

• People are informed clients

• Information Cell for general public on hazard safety especially non-structural mitigation

• Special capacity on retrofitting requirements for the Municipal Engineers

• And …..

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HAZARD

CAPACITY +

AWARENESS

INFR

A ST

RUCTURE

“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENTATION

THE WORKSHOP

HAZARD-SAFE URBAN

INFRASTRUCTURE

HAZARDS

CAPACITY &

AWARENESS

INFR

ASTRU

CTURE

REDUCE VULNERABILITY

Hyogo Framework: Integrated With Development Planning

• WHAT IS AVAILABLE• WHERE ARE THE GAPS• EXPLORE GOOD EXAMPLES• ESTIMATE COST• PRIORITIZE AND PREPARE A

TIME BOUND ACTION PLAN• MONITORING &

EVALUATION SYSTEM IN PLACE

• REDRESS PERIODICALLY• A TASK FORCE +INTERFACE

WITH UNIVERSITIES

The summaries of observations

HAZ

ARD

To building level

From town/city planning

BY BEING PROACTIVE - KNOW YOUR HAZARDS- SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE- ENHANCE CAPACITY AND AWARENESS

WE CAN ACHIEVE THE ART OF LIVING WITH HAZARDS