the openurl and openurl framework: demystifying link resolution
DESCRIPTION
The OpenURL and OpenURL Framework: Demystifying Link Resolution. CrossRef, DOIs and OpenURL Ed Pentz Executive Director, CrossRef [email protected]. Overview. What is a DOI Why CrossRef? Update on DOI developments How are DOI and OpenURL different? How do they work together? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef1
The OpenURL and OpenURL Framework: Demystifying Link
ResolutionCrossRef, DOIs and OpenURL
Ed Pentz
Executive Director, CrossRef
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef2
Overview
• What is a DOI
• Why CrossRef?
• Update on DOI developments
• How are DOI and OpenURL different?
• How do they work together?
• What does the future hold?
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef3
Always Keep the End User in Mind
• “Electronic journals, e-print archives and print journals together are fulfilling the needs of readers. Scientists continue to read and today choose from alternatives that satisfy their specific needs and requirements, particularly to minimize their time and effort.” Carol Tenopir
• Collaboration and standards are critical
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef4
What is a DOI?• A Digital Object Identifier (DOI), is a unique
string that identifies a piece of intellectual content
– Prefix is assigned by a Registration Agency (CrossRef)
– Suffix is assigned by publisher
– DOI is a “dumb” number
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef5
dx.doi.orghttp://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/
nature/journal/v422/n6932/full/nature01566_fs.html
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01566
DOI Directory Prefix Suffix
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef6
Why DOIs are good• A unique, persistent identifier but also…• An actionable identifier – a resolution system with
central resolution point• Governance (persistence)
– International DOI Foundation (IDF) – policies and standards for general DOI System; interoperability
– RAs - services using the DOI System, involved in IDF governance
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The DOI Community
…and more !!…and more !!
CERN
…and more !!
• Gateway to the DOI world
• Develops and maintains the DOI standard
• Develops and maintains the Handle system upon which the DOI executes
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef8
DOI Community Growing• 7 DOI Registration Agencies (including CrossRef) – scholarly
publishing, e-learning, UK/EU government, scientific data sets, etc
• 3 national libraries joined IDF as consortium – The British Library (UK), Die Deutsche Bibliothek
(Germany) and the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (The Netherlands)
• DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center) member of IDF• German National Library of Science and
Technology (TIB) – project to look at DOIs for scientific data sets
• The IDF is not just publishers
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef9
CrossRef Mission Statement
• To provide services that bring the scholar to authoritative primary content, focusing on services that are best achieved through collective agreement by publishers
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef10
What is CrossRef?• Non-profit membership association
– DOI Registration Agency for Scholarly Content• Registration of metadata and unique, persistent
identifiers• Representation on IDF Board, TWG and RAWG
– Reference linking service– Standards and Guidelines
• Rules governing metadata and linking• Guidelines – using DOIs in journals and citations
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef11
What Does CrossRef do?• Makes reference linking easy and reliable for journals,
conference proceedings and books• Technology Infrastructure
• Persistent links using DOIs - no broken links in citations or database records (Average half-life of a URL is 44 days)
• Publishers update URLs in one location; about 50% of the records in CrossRef have already been updated
• Business Infrastructure– Membership agreement sets rules and creates level playing field– Business model neutral! PLOS and BioMed Central are members– no bilateral agreements needed – one agreement allows linking to over
200 publishers
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef12
How CrossRef Is Used• By publishers…
– Deposit XML metadata for content– Parse references send to CrossRef to get DOIs– Make a reference link by sending the DOI to
http://dx.doi.org/
• By secondary databases and A&Is– Links from abstract records to full text
• By libraries…– Submit metadata to CrossRef to get DOIs to link to full
text (no cost)– Send DOI to CrossRef from local link server to lookup
metadata (no cost)
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef13
How CrossRef Is Used
• Administrative issues with libraries – more automation needed
• By end users…– Click on DOI links in online resources (not
always aware it’s a DOI or CrossRef-enabled)
• Find DOIs using free form at CrossRef site
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DOIs in Online Full Text
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DOIs in Reference Citations
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef16
DOIs as Article Locators
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef17
DOIs in Google
Reference to article
Publisher Site
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef18
Publish Ahead of Print
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef19
Current CrossRef Stats
• 250 member publishers• 9.1 million DOIs (5 million last year)
• 8500 Journals (6500 last year)– Books and conferences starting to be added
• 3.9 million DOI clicks in September (7-fold increase since January 02 in DOI use – this is users clicking and traffic to publishers’ sites)
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef20
CrossRef Fees• Libraries – free access since May 2003
– Interest in OpenURL integration (DOIs + metadata)
– 150+ libraries signed up
• Per DOI retrieval fee for members and secondaries will be removed starting in 2004 (revenue from annual membership fee and deposit fee)
• DOIs Everywhere is the goal
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef21
DOIs and OpenURL• DOI and OpenURL are different types of things
with different purposes…but they work together• DOI: unique identifier, standardized metadata,
single point of resolution• OpenURL protocol supports a standard way to
transport metadata (which can include a DOI)• The OpenURL Framework enables context
sensitive linking through Local Link Resolvers• OpenURL is not about unique identifiers and it
doesn’t provide resolution
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef22
OpenURL and DOIs/CrossRef
CrossRef helps solve the “appropriate copy” problem by providing a ‘reverse’ DOI lookup (DOI in / meta-data out)
http://doi.crossref.org/servlet/query?id=10.1006/jmbi.2000.4282&pid=<USR>:<PWD>
CrossRef offers an OpenURL 1.0 compliant resolver
http://doi.crossref.org/resolve?pid=<USR>:<PWD>&aulast=Maas LRM&title= JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY&volume=32&issue=3 &spage=870&date=2002
(CrossRef returns DOI or will redirect to the target document)
OpenURL and DOI are complementary technologies
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef23
CrossRef/DOI/OpenURL Linking
• Two distinct modes of integration:– CrossRef/DOI localization addressing the
“appropriate copy” problem– Article-level linking for CrossRef publishers
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef24
Aggregator
LocalOPAC
CrossRef/DOI Linking
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef25
OpenURL Aware
References
DOI Server
ServerDOI
OpenURL
Metadata
DOI link
http://www.sfx.edu/? doi=10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.560502.x
http://dx.doi.org/ doi=10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.560502.x
CrossRef, DOI and OpenURL
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef26
Server
Metadata
DOI
DOI link
Links to Publishers
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef27
Publisher Site
Local Link Server
Link Efficiency
Publisher Site
Publisher Site
Publisher Site
Publisher Site
Publisher SitePublisher Site
Publisher Site
X 250 sites
DOI Server
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef28
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef29
Multiple Resolution• Multiple URLs assigned to one DOI• Metadata labels associated with URLs• Relationships between DOIs captured in
metadata• Services associated with a DOI (mirror
copies, rights clearing, ordering print)• Local linking servers must be able to take
advantage of DOI MR services.
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef30
Multiple Resolution XML
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Ed Pentz, CrossRef31
Conclusion• Collaboration and standards are crucial to
serving end users• DOIs, CrossRef, OpenURLs and local
linking servers need to interoperate• In 2004 repeat the successful “appropriate
copy” project for multiple resolution– Link resolver vendors, publishers, CrossRef,
libraries all need to work together