The Origin The Origin of European of European

NationsNations

PreviewPreview

1.1. What do you see in the painting?What do you see in the painting?

2.2. Who are the people represented in Who are the people represented in the painting?the painting?

3.3. Where is this event taking place?Where is this event taking place?

4.4. Why are some of the people dressed Why are some of the people dressed in red?in red?

5.5. Why is this significant to the rise of Why is this significant to the rise of European nations?European nations?

ProcessingProcessing1.1. A debate, court or councilA debate, court or council

2.2. Religious leadersReligious leaders

3.3. (Council of) Constance; modern day Poland(Council of) Constance; modern day Poland

4.4. They are cardinals in the RCC; next in line to They are cardinals in the RCC; next in line to be Popebe Pope

5.5. The church will begin to lose power w/ The church will begin to lose power w/ European leadership. They will continue to European leadership. They will continue to influence but will begin to no longer dictate.influence but will begin to no longer dictate.

6.6. (painting is of the heresy trial of Jan (john) (painting is of the heresy trial of Jan (john) Hus. He was burned @ the stake for his Hus. He was burned @ the stake for his beliefs. Precursor to Martin Luther)beliefs. Precursor to Martin Luther)

Nations: Nation-StatesNations: Nation-States

► England: the Big England: the Big GuysGuys Henry II Henry II

controlled FR. controlled FR. LandLand

Edward I

Longshanks

Model Parliament

(fought with William

Wallace over Scotland)

William Wallace

►ParliamentParliamentModel Parliament: 1295; Model Parliament: 1295; Edward IEdward I

2 burgesses & 2 knights fr. 2 burgesses & 2 knights fr. Every countyEvery county

►John IJohn I Barons=Magna CartaBarons=Magna Carta►Runnymede June 15, 1215Runnymede June 15, 1215►Basic legal rightsBasic legal rights

Taxes voted on: no taxation Taxes voted on: no taxation w/o representation: power of w/o representation: power of the pursethe purse

Due process: rt to a jury trial, Due process: rt to a jury trial, orderlyorderly

►Limited monarchyLimited monarchy

John I

Softsword

Richard I The

Lionhearted

Robin Hood

►FranceFrancePhilip II (Augustus) Philip II (Augustus) ►Royal power increased w/ Royal power increased w/ Philip II; strong central Philip II; strong central gov’tgov’t►Bailiffs: to ea. District to Bailiffs: to ea. District to collect taxescollect taxes

Philip II

(Augustus)

Making the Connection

What name did Philip “borrow” from a Roman Emperor and

why?

Philip IV (the Fair)Philip IV (the Fair) Argument w/ Argument w/

PopePope Needed Needed

additional additional support: support: formed the formed the Estates-Estates-GeneralGeneral

Estates-Estates-General:General:11stst Estate: Estate: Church Church leadersleaders

22ndnd Estate: Estate: Great lordsGreat lords

33rdrd Estate: Estate: Middle Middle classclass

►KEY CONCEPT:KEY CONCEPT: Estates-General Estates-General

never limited the never limited the king’s powerking’s power

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

1.1. How was the king’s power limited in How was the king’s power limited in England?England?

2.2. Give at least one reason why England Give at least one reason why England and France develop so differently and France develop so differently politically.politically.

►The PopeThe Pope Boniface VIIIBoniface VIII►Philip IV taxing clergyPhilip IV taxing clergy►Unam Sanctam (bull): Unam Sanctam (bull): temporal & spiritual wh/= temporal & spiritual wh/= kings must always obey Popekings must always obey Pope►P. IV kidnapped the Pope; P. IV kidnapped the Pope; rescued; too much for him & rescued; too much for him & he died a mo. Laterhe died a mo. Later►Pope never again could force Pope never again could force kings to obey themkings to obey them

Boniface VIII

P IVP IV►Clement V: Fr. Archbishop to be Clement V: Fr. Archbishop to be Pope & live in Avignon Pope & live in Avignon (Babylonian Captivity)(Babylonian Captivity)67 yrs67 yrsWealthy lifestyleWealthy lifestyle

►Gregory XI died in RomeGregory XI died in RomeUrban VIUrban VIClement VII Clement VII Great Schism (1378-1417)Great Schism (1378-1417)

►Council of Council of Constance Constance (where is this?)(where is this?) Martin V Martin V

elected Popeelected Pope

► ScholarsScholars John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe John HussJohn Huss

1.1.Head of ch. Jesus not PopeHead of ch. Jesus not Pope

2.2.Clergy=povertyClergy=poverty

3.3.Bible not Pope=authorityBible not Pope=authority

At the execution ground, Huss spread his hands and prayed aloud. After undressing him, the executioners tied his hands behind his back with ropes. His neck was tied, with a chain, to a stake around which wood and straw had been piled up, in such a way that it covered him up to the neck. Count Palatine asked Huss for the last time whether he wanted to recant and save his life or die. Huss preferred to die and was thus, burnt to death.

John Hus (s)John Hus (s)

John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe► FFirst hand-written English irst hand-written English

language Bible language Bible manuscripts manuscripts

► Oxford professor, scholar, Oxford professor, scholar, and theologian.and theologian.

► well-known throughout well-known throughout Europe for his opposition Europe for his opposition to the teaching of the to the teaching of the organized Church, which organized Church, which he believed to be contrary he believed to be contrary to the Bible. to the Bible.

► The Pope was so The Pope was so infuriated by his teachings infuriated by his teachings and his translation of the and his translation of the Bible into English, that 44 Bible into English, that 44 years after Wycliffe had years after Wycliffe had died, he ordered the died, he ordered the bones to be dug-up, bones to be dug-up, crushed, and scattered in crushed, and scattered in the river! the river!

►Black DeathBlack Death 1337: 4 ships 1337: 4 ships

arrived in Sicilyarrived in Sicily Fever, black Fever, black

swelling @ jointsswelling @ joints 24 hrs.24 hrs. Sanitary Sanitary

conditionsconditions Fled carrying Fled carrying

illness w/ themillness w/ them 25 mil or 1/3 of E. 25 mil or 1/3 of E.

pop in 5 yrs.pop in 5 yrs.

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

How did the Black Death help to continue to How did the Black Death help to continue to reduce the power and influence of the reduce the power and influence of the RCC?RCC?

(the RCC had lost a great deal of power & (the RCC had lost a great deal of power & influence from their inability to secure the influence from their inability to secure the holy land during the Crusades. The holy land during the Crusades. The Crusades also brought about a certain—all Crusades also brought about a certain—all be it small-- amount of religious tolerance be it small-- amount of religious tolerance that the RCC did not anticipate..)that the RCC did not anticipate..)

► Hundred Years’ War: nationalismHundred Years’ War: nationalism 1337-1453: 116 yrs1337-1453: 116 yrs

1.1. 1337-1360: Eng. Invaded 1337-1360: Eng. Invaded Fr.=Fr.=Eng. WonEng. Won

2.2. 1361-1396: Fr. Reconquered=1361-1396: Fr. Reconquered=Fr. Fr. WonWon

3.3. 1397-1420: Invaded Fr.=1397-1420: Invaded Fr.=Eng. Eng. WonWon

4.4. 1421-1453: 1429 1421-1453: 1429 Joan of ArcJoan of Arc (1431)(1431) Fr. WonFr. Won w/ exception of Calais w/ exception of Calais

Joan of Arc

Charles VII

Of France

►Weapon development Weapon development from the 100 yrs. Warfrom the 100 yrs. WarLongbow: 6 ft; 300 Longbow: 6 ft; 300 yards-100 yardsyards-100 yards

Cannon: used against Cannon: used against castlescastles

The LongbowThe Longbow

►6 feet 6 feet ►Predominant missile Predominant missile

weapon of the weapon of the English in the English in the Hundred Years’ War Hundred Years’ War and on into the 16th and on into the 16th century. century.

►Required a force of as Required a force of as much as 150 to 180 much as 150 to 180 pounds to drawpounds to draw

► shot arrows with an shot arrows with an effective range of effective range of some 450 to 1,000 some 450 to 1,000 feet depending on feet depending on the weight of the the weight of the arrow.arrow.

It has been claimed that this battle, which occurred near Crécy in northern France early in the Hundred Years War, marks the first use of cannon on the battlefield.

►New MonarchsNew MonarchsFrance: France: ►Charles VIICharles VII►Louis XILouis XI►Called the Estates-General Called the Estates-General

(E-G) once in 22 yrs.(E-G) once in 22 yrs.►No common approval for No common approval for taxestaxes

►EnglandEnglandWar of the Roses: 1455-War of the Roses: 1455-14851485►York=white roseYork=white rose►Lancaster=red roseLancaster=red rose

Henry Tudor (VII)Henry Tudor (VII)Respected not lovedRespected not loved

Henry Henry (Tudor) VII (Tudor) VII of Englandof England

►SpainSpainFerdinand & Ferdinand & IsabellaIsabella

Inquisition Inquisition “one king, “one king, one law, one one law, one faith”faith”

Moors out of Moors out of SpainSpain

1492 Jews 1492 Jews out of Spainout of Spain

And then there’s RussiaAnd then there’s Russia

►The Great Prince=Czar (tsar, tzar, The Great Prince=Czar (tsar, tzar, csar)csar) Mongols=Ivan Moneybags=Czar Ivan IMongols=Ivan Moneybags=Czar Ivan I Unification beganUnification began

►ReligionReligion Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox

► Ivan III: ruled for 43 yrsIvan III: ruled for 43 yrs

Ivan IV aka Ivan the TerribleIvan IV aka Ivan the Terrible

►““good period”good period” Won wars, Won wars,

governed fairly governed fairly opened Russia opened Russia to tradeto trade

►““bad period”bad period” Began after his wife Began after his wife

Anastasia diedAnastasia died Hunt down traitor Hunt down traitor

he believed he believed poisoned his wifepoisoned his wife

Killed his own son in Killed his own son in a fit of ragea fit of rage

““honored” the honored” the architects of St. architects of St. Basil’sBasil’s

Ivan IV aka Ivan IV aka Ivan the Ivan the TerribleTerrible

St. Basil’s Cathedral