OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Balugo, Jigger D.Ferrer, Marlan O.Fernandez, Paolo O.Poco, John Patrick Ira M.

OSMAN IFounder of the Ottoman Empire

(1299-1324)

ORHAN(1324-1362)

RISE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

• By the 1400’s, the once mighty Byzantine Empire had been in decline for nearly two centuries

• In 1453, the Ottomans surrounded the capital of Constantinople

• During a two month siege, Ottoman cannons pounded Constantinople's city walls allowing attackers to break through and capture the city

GEOGRAPHIC EXPANSION

With well armed forces and effective military strategies the Ottoman empire grew quickly

After 1453, the Ottomans expanded into the Middle East, Egypt, the Balkans, and Russia

By the 1500’s, the Ottomans had created the largest empire in the Middle East and Europe

OTTOMAN EXPANSION

REASONS FOR OTTOMAN SUCCESS  Ottoman success was largely due to military

technology, such as cannons

In addition to cannons, the Ottoman army equipped soldiers with muskets

This improved battlefield success and eliminated the need for cavalry

OTTOMAN TERRITORY

OTTOMAN SOCIETYThe Ottomans ruled a large area that included

many diverse people and religions

The empire consisted of four social classes: Men of the Pen – highly educated: scientists,

lawyers, judges, doctors Men of the Sword – military personnel Men of Negotiation – merchants, artisans, and tax

collectors Men of Husbandry – farmers and herders

CULTURE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elaborated them into new forms, which resulted in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity.

LITERATURE Poetry Ottoman Divan poetry(Rhyming Couplets of Profound

Spiritual Meaning) - was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form.

Whirling Dervices – practice to forget their self, to feel himself, to feel the god and universe.

Sheik Galib – last great classical ottman poets.

Evliya Celebi – known for travelogue

Prose Ottoman prose - in the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not

develop to the extent.

ARCHITECTURE Ottoman architecture was influenced

by Persian, Byzantin Greek and Islamic architectures. Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, besides Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. The art of Ottoman decoration developed with a multitude of influences due to the wide ethnic range of the Ottoman Empire.

SULTAN AHMET CAMI

PERFORMING ARTSThe instruments used are a mixture of

Anatolian and Central Asian instruments, other Middle Eastern instruments, and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano).

Karagöz and Hacivat - The traditional shadow play called Karagöz and Hacivat was widespread throughout the Ottoman Empire and featured characters representing all of the major ethnic and social groups in that culture.

 KARAGÖZ AND HACIVAT

IMPORTANT LEADERS OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Osman I27 July 1299 – 29 July

1325

Orhan29 July 1326 – 1362

Murad I1362 – 15 June 1389

Bayezid I15 June 1389 – 20 July

1402

Mehmed I5 July 1413 – 26 May 1421

DECLINE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Problems developed within the Ottoman empire including poor leadership an corruption

The rising power of European nations also led to it’s decline

The Ottomans were cut off from global trade routes, limiting cultural diffusion and new ideas

By the 1700’s, European technology surpassed that of the Ottomans

European nations began to industrialize while the Ottomans remained an agricultural society

Other ReasonsRise of nationalismRussian extensionNot effective defense

Tanzimat - emerged from the minds of reformist sultans like Mahmud II and Abdülmecid I and prominent, often European-educated bureaucrats, who recognized that old religious and military institutions no longer met the needs of the empire.

Turkey- The last country to declare independence that ended up the ottoman empire existence for over 600 years