The Ozone ProblemThe Ozone Problem

OO33

The Ozone ProblemThe Ozone Problem

CFC’sCFC’s ChlorofluorocarbonsChlorofluorocarbons

Methyl bromideMethyl bromide

ResultsResults More UV radiationMore UV radiation Growth & reproductionGrowth & reproduction Decrease photosynthesisDecrease photosynthesis

Sulfur CompoundsSulfur Compounds

Self-supporting Self-supporting thermal control thermal control systemsystem

Atmospheric MotionAtmospheric Motion

Nonrotating EarthNonrotating Earth

EquatorEquator Warming and rising of airWarming and rising of air Rising air cools as it Rising air cools as it

ascendsascends Surface winds blow Surface winds blow

towards equator to towards equator to replace ascending airreplace ascending air

PolesPoles Cool, dry air descendsCool, dry air descends

Effects of RotationEffects of Rotation

Coriolis EffectCoriolis Effect

Coriolis EffectCoriolis Effect

Coriolis effect is the Coriolis effect is the apparentapparent deflection of objects deflection of objects moving across Earth’s surfacemoving across Earth’s surface

The deflection is caused by the differential speed of rotation The deflection is caused by the differential speed of rotation between Earth’s equator and polar regions, relative to an object between Earth’s equator and polar regions, relative to an object moving across the Earth’s surface.moving across the Earth’s surface.

Global Wind BandsGlobal Wind Bands

Hadley cellsHadley cells Subtropical cellsSubtropical cells Air rises at the Air rises at the

equator due to equator due to solar heating, and solar heating, and falls due to cooling falls due to cooling at ~30at ~30º º

Global Wind BandsGlobal Wind Bands

Ferrel cellsFerrel cells Temperate cellsTemperate cells Occurs between Occurs between

3030º and 50-60º º and 50-60º latitudelatitude

Some air Some air descending at 30º descending at 30º turns polewardturns poleward

Global Wind BandsGlobal Wind Bands

Polar cellsPolar cells Centered over Centered over

each poleeach pole At 50-60At 50-60º, the air is º, the air is

warm and wet warm and wet enough to ascend, enough to ascend, but too dense to but too dense to mix with Ferrel cellmix with Ferrel cell

Wind PatternsWind Patterns Between Cells:Between Cells:

Vertical air Vertical air movementmovement

Weak surface Weak surface windswinds

Within Cells:Within Cells: Horizontal air Horizontal air

movementmovement Strong surface Strong surface

windswinds

Wind PatternsWind Patterns

Between Cells:Between Cells: Hadley cellsHadley cells

DoldrumsDoldrums• Near the equatorNear the equator• Decrease in Decrease in

pressure gradientpressure gradient• Variable breezesVariable breezes

Intertropical Intertropical Convergence Convergence Zone (ITCZ)Zone (ITCZ)

Wind PatternsWind Patterns

Between Cells:Between Cells: Hadley and Ferrel Hadley and Ferrel

cellscells Horse latitudesHorse latitudes

• 3030º latitudeº latitude• Subtropical high Subtropical high

pressurepressure• Sinking air; drySinking air; dry

Many deserts are Many deserts are found at this found at this latitudelatitude

Wind PatternsWind Patterns

Within Cells:Within Cells: Hadley cellHadley cell

• Trade WindsTrade Winds EasterliesEasterlies

• Centered at 15Centered at 15ºº Ferrel cellFerrel cell

• WesterliesWesterlies• Centered at 45Centered at 45ºº

Polar cellPolar cell• EasterliesEasterlies• 60-9060-90ºº