The Pacific Theater The Pacific Theater 1941-19451941-1945

p. 490-479p. 490-479

Initial Japanese SuccessInitial Japanese Success Japan attacks three Japan attacks three

of the United States’ of the United States’ posts between the posts between the Philippines and Philippines and Hawaii:Hawaii:– MidwayMidway– WakeWake– GuamGuam

Japanese are able to Japanese are able to capture Guam and capture Guam and Midway.Midway.

The PhilippinesThe Philippines General Douglas MacArthur: was sent 5 years General Douglas MacArthur: was sent 5 years

earlier to the Philippines to prepare the earlier to the Philippines to prepare the islands for future attacks against Japan, but islands for future attacks against Japan, but had not finished his 10 yr. program by the had not finished his 10 yr. program by the time Japan invaded in 1941.time Japan invaded in 1941.

He had 70,000 Filipinos and 20,000 He had 70,000 Filipinos and 20,000 Americans, 250 aircraft, and a small naval Americans, 250 aircraft, and a small naval force.force.

Japanese were able to destroy nearly all of Japanese were able to destroy nearly all of the planes. They also bombed Cavite Naval the planes. They also bombed Cavite Naval Yard.Yard.

The Fall of the PhilippinesThe Fall of the Philippines

Luzon and ManilaLuzon and Manila

December 10, 1941, the Japanese December 10, 1941, the Japanese landed forces landed on the northern landed forces landed on the northern coast of Luzon coast of Luzon

and on the shores of Lingayen Gulf, and on the shores of Lingayen Gulf, 100 miles north of Manila.100 miles north of Manila.

And another force on Manila.And another force on Manila. General MacArthur proclaimed Manila General MacArthur proclaimed Manila

an open city and withdrew the an open city and withdrew the remainder of his forces to the Bataan remainder of his forces to the Bataan Peninsula.Peninsula.

Bataan and CorregidorBataan and Corregidor MacArthur and his troops MacArthur and his troops

were face with a shortage were face with a shortage of ammunition, food, and of ammunition, food, and medicine.medicine.

They were able to resist They were able to resist the Japanese for three the Japanese for three months, which helped the months, which helped the Allies as it kept some of Allies as it kept some of the Japanese forces in the the Japanese forces in the Philippines.Philippines.

Finally, Roosevelt ordered Finally, Roosevelt ordered MacArthur and his troops MacArthur and his troops out of the Philippines and out of the Philippines and over to Australia to build over to Australia to build up a new army.up a new army.

SurrenderSurrender

The American forces on Bataan were The American forces on Bataan were forced to surrender as they were forced to surrender as they were suffering from malaria, lacked food suffering from malaria, lacked food and water.and water.

The 11,000 men on Corregidor (the The 11,000 men on Corregidor (the fortified island that guarded the fortified island that guarded the entrance to Manila fought alone for a entrance to Manila fought alone for a month before they too had to month before they too had to surrender.surrender.

POWPOW Bataan Death March: Bataan Death March:

the prisoners were the prisoners were forced to march 70 forced to march 70 miles to prison camps.miles to prison camps.

Those who fell out of Those who fell out of line were shot or line were shot or bayoneted by the bayoneted by the Japanese.Japanese.

Others died from Others died from disease or starvation.disease or starvation.

By the end of the By the end of the march over 10,000 march over 10,000 Americans had died.Americans had died.

British LossesBritish Losses

The Japanese were The Japanese were also able to attack also able to attack British possessions:British possessions:– Hong KongHong Kong– SingaporeSingapore– Burma (Burma Burma (Burma

Road: the last Road: the last route into China)route into China)

The East IndiesThe East Indies

Battle of the Java Sea, February 1942 Battle of the Java Sea, February 1942 the American and Dutch Asiatic the American and Dutch Asiatic fleets joined to prevent the Japanese fleets joined to prevent the Japanese from capturing the Indies, but the from capturing the Indies, but the vessels were sunk and Japan had vessels were sunk and Japan had seized the Indies.seized the Indies.

First American VictoriesFirst American Victories Colonel “Jimmy” Doolittle: Colonel “Jimmy” Doolittle:

led an invasion of 16 led an invasion of 16 American B-25 bombers American B-25 bombers bombing Tokyo.bombing Tokyo.

Result: the Japanese had Result: the Japanese had thought their expansion thought their expansion would have prevented the would have prevented the Allies from homeland Allies from homeland attacks and this had attacks and this had caused fear in them and so caused fear in them and so they decided to expand they decided to expand further.further.

The Doolittle Tokyo RaidersThe Doolittle Tokyo Raiders - R.O. Joyce Memorial Site - R.O. Joyce Memorial Site

Japanese ClaimsJapanese Claims

The Coral SeaThe Coral Sea

Japanese goal was to capture New Guinea, Japanese goal was to capture New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands.Islands.

U.S. were able to stop the Japanese drive U.S. were able to stop the Japanese drive at the Battle of the Coral Sea: the first at the Battle of the Coral Sea: the first naval battle in history in which the naval battle in history in which the opposing vessels did not sight one opposing vessels did not sight one another.another.

However, the Lexington (American air craft However, the Lexington (American air craft carrier) and the U.S.S. Yorktown.carrier) and the U.S.S. Yorktown.

The U.S.S. YorktownThe U.S.S. Yorktown

POWsPOWs

USS Coral Sea CVA-43 Association - PUSS Coral Sea CVA-43 Association - POWs & MIAsOWs & MIAs

Battle for AustraliaBattle for Australia