THE PANCREASBy Chibesa Mumba

Contents

What it is? What its made up of? Exocrine and endocrine cells? Pancreatic diseases Thought-provoking question

What is it?

A gland that secretes digestive enzymes into the gut

What is it made of

Composed 99% of acini cells Pancreatic duct Islet of Langerhans

Islet of Langerhans

Discovered by Paul Langerhans in 1869 Group of cells that stand out from

surrounding cells Cells inside islet include A,B,D,F & Epsilon

cells

Islet cells

Alpha cells produce glucagon Beta cells produce insulin & amylin Delta cells produce somatostatin F/PP cells produce pancreatic polypeptide Epsilon cells produce ghrelin

Endocrine or Exocrine?

Type of Gland Location Cell Function Comments/Key points

Endocrine Islet periphery Alpha Glucagon production Glucagon is a hormone that increases the sugar in the blood

Endocrine Islet center Beta Insulin & amylin production Insulin decreases the sugar level in the blood & amylin gives humans a full feelingEndocrine Inside islet or islet periphery Delta Somatostatin production Somatostatin is a growth inhibiting hormoneEndocrine Islet periphery PP (F) Pancreatic Polypeptide production Pancreatic polypeptide controls the activities of the pancreasEndocrine Inside islet Epsilon Gherin production Gherin is a hormone that stimulates hungarExocrine Around exterior of pancreas Acini Digetive enzyme production and secretion Acini makes 99% of the pancreas

Diseases

Pancreatitis Pancreatic cancer Diabetes Mellitus

Pancreatitis

Severe abdominal pain occurs suddenly Can cause internal bleeding or shock Excess alcohol ingestion & gallstones are

causes Caused pancreatic trauma

ACUTE

Pancreatic cancer

Also called pancreatic carcinoma Common type are exocrine tumors Endocrine tumors are usually malignant

Diabetes Mellitus

A group of metabolic diseases which are caused by high blood sugar

High blood sugar caused by insulin problems (insulin resistance or no insulin)

types of diabetes are type 1 (IDDM), type 2 (NIDDM) and Gestational

Thought-provoking Questions

Impact of amylin on weight control Impact of somatostatin on ageing

THE END