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Page 1: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

TheParisAgreement

Page 2: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

TheJourneyThusFar…

• FirstWorldClimateChangeConference(1979)• IPCC(1988)andAR1(1990)• UNFCCC(Rio1992)• KyotoProtocol(1997)• TheCopenhagenSummit(2009)• TheRoadtoParis

Page 3: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

COP21:Paris2015(Nov.30– Dec.12)

• 196partiestoUNFCCCpresentinParis

• 19,385nationaldelegates

• 8,338observers• 8,825media• 2,500workinggroups

Page 4: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

TheParisAgreement

http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php

Page 5: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Article2(AgreementAims)• Holdingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragetemperaturetowellbelow2°Cabovepre-industriallevelsandtopursueeffortstolimitthetemperatureincreaseto1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevels.

• Increasingtheabilitytoadapttotheadverseimpactsofclimatechangeandfosterclimateresilienceandlowgreenhousegasemissionsdevelopment,inamannerthatdoesnotthreatenfoodproduction.

• Makingfinanceflowsconsistentwithapathwaytowardslowgreenhousegasemissionsandclimate-resilientdevelopment.

Page 6: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

ParisAgreementFeatures

• RequiresPartiestosubmitnationallydeterminedcontributions,detailinghowtheywillreducegreenhousegasemissionsdomesticallyandtoassistdevelopedcountriesinmitigationandadaptation.

Page 7: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

ParisAgreementFeatures

• Partiesaimtoreachglobalpeakingofgreenhousegasemissionsassoonaspossible,recognizingthatpeakingwilltakelongerfordevelopingcountryParties,andtoundertakerapidreductionsthereafterinaccordancewithbestavailablescience…onthebasisofequity,andinthecontextofsustainabledevelopmentandeffortstoeradicatepoverty.

Page 8: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

ParisAgreementFeatures

• Commitmentsmadebypartiesarerenewedatleastevery5yearsandmustbeprogressivelymoreambitious.

• Requiresdevelopedcountriestoprovidefinancingtoassistdevelopedcountrieswithmitigationandadaptation.

Page 9: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

AFundamentallyDifferentApproach?

• AllIn– Previousnegotiationsandtreaties(UNFCCCandKyotoProtocol)centeredonafirmdivisionbetweendeveloped(AnnexI)anddeveloping(AnnexII)countries.OnlyAnnexIcountrieswereobligatedtoreduceGHGemissions.

– IntheParisAgreement,allcountries,notjustdevelopedones,aresupposedtocurbemissions.

Page 10: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

AFundamentallyDifferentApproach?

• PotLuck– PreviousnegotiationsdividedupresponsibilityamongdevelopedcountriesforGHGemissionsreductionstargets.ThoseweretobeimplementedbyAnnexIcountriesandenforcedthroughinternationallaw.

– IntheParisAgreement,eachcountrydevelopeditsownIntendedNationallyDeterminedContributionsbasedonnationalcircumstancesandbroughtthemtotheParisconference.

Page 11: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

AFundamentallyDifferentApproach?

• NotBinding– TheUNFCCCandtheKyotoprotocol(andeffortstoreplacethem)werelegallybindinginternationaltreaties.

– TheParisAgreementisnot.RatherthanenforcingGHGemissionstargetsthroughalegallybindingtreaty,theParisAgreementaimstomobilizepoliticalpressure(bothinternationalanddomestic)toencouragecompliance.Theagreementcreatesasetoftransparencymeasuresandaprocessforregularlyandpubliclyreviewingeachcountry’sprogress.

Page 12: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

AFundamentallyDifferentApproach?

• FutureCommitments– Everyfiveyears,beginningin2020,eachcountrywillbeexpectedtocontributeanewnationalplanforreducingemissions.

Page 13: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Positives

• Moreconsistentwitheconomicandpoliticalrealities

Page 14: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Positives

• Moreconsistentwitheconomicandpoliticalrealities

• Movesenforcementfromtheinternationaltothedomesticrealm

Page 15: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Positives

• Moreconsistentwitheconomicandpoliticalrealities

• Movesenforcementfromtheinternationaltothedomesticrealm

• Moreflexibleinthefaceofrapidchange

Page 16: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Negatives

• Emissionsreductionspledgesfallshort.

Page 17: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

INDCs

• http://cait.wri.org/indc/

Page 18: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825
Page 19: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825
Page 20: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825
Page 21: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825
Page 22: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825
Page 23: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Negatives

• Emissionsreductionspledgesfallshort.• Notimetableforapeakyear.

Page 24: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Negatives

• Emissionsreductionspledgesfallshort.• Notimetableforapeakyear.• Lackofspecificsonincreasingfundingforpoorercountriesbeyond$100billionby2020andonlossanddamageprinciples.

Page 25: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Negatives

• Emissionsreductionspledgesfallshort.• Notimetableforapeakyear.• Lackofspecificsonincreasingfundingforpoorercountriesbeyond$100billionby2020andonlossanddamageprinciples.

• Thedeveloped/developingcountrydivideremains.

Page 26: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

Negatives

• Emissionsreductionspledgesfallshort.• Notimetableforapeakyear.• Lackofspecificsonincreasingfundingforpoorercountriesbeyond$100billionby2020andonlossanddamageprinciples.

• Thedeveloped/developingcountrydivideremains.

• Complianceandenforcementwillbeweak.

Page 27: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

AprèsParis

• 2016MoroccoSummit• The2020test• TheUnitedStates

Page 28: The Paris Agreement - WordPress.com · COP 21: Paris 2015 (Nov. 30 –Dec. 12) • 196 parties to UNFCCC present in Paris • 19,385 national delegates • 8,338 observers • 8,825

TheParisAgreement


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