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OCEAN POWERDELIVERY LTD. www.oceanpd.com

The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter- An update on performance and operational aspects

Max CarcasBusiness Development Director

- Incorporated January 1998- £7.5m VC investment 2002-2004- £2.5m support from UK DTI- Based in Edinburgh- Combined ‘wave’ experience of

over 50 years- 32 full-time personnel

OCEAN POWER DELIVERY

OCEAN POWERDELIVERY LTD.www.oceanpd.com

Environmental:• Global warming• EU/UK Kyoto commitments

Socio-economic:• Hidden costs of conventional generation• Renewables increasingly affordable• Industrial-economic potential

ENERGY POLICY DRIVERS

UK ENERGY POLICY OBJECTIVES:

Security of supply:• Electricity demand

continuing to rise• Existing power plants

reaching end of life• UK to be net importer

of gas in <5 years

Hydro 1%

Other fuels 2½%Imports

3%

Oil 1%

Gas37%

Coal33½%

Nuclear22%

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92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01

GW

Coal fired

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

Oil fired

Mixed/dual fired

Nuclear

Hydro

Renewable & Other

Gen

. Cap

acity

Ave

. Dem

and


• Today >40GW installed,8GW last year

• Fastest growth area inelectricity generatingindustry

• Denmark: >20,000employed, $3-4bn inexports

• Costs of generationhave fallen by ~80% asmarket has grown

• In the UK firstcommercial wind farmwas only developed 12years ago

WIND POWER


Growth in Global Market for Wind Turbines

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9000

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ear

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ula

tive

MW

MW installed per yearCumulative MW installed

Source: BTM Consult Aps

WHY WAVE ENERGY?

Huge Resource & Market- Most dense renewable resource- UK ~50-80TWh/year

~15-25% UK demand>£20bn CapEx

- World >2000TWh/year>£500bn CapEx


WHY WAVE ENERGY?

Forecastability

-Numerous calibratedWIND-WAVE models

-Existing offshoreforecasting services

-Immunity to localclimatic effects

- Small hourly &diurnal variation

Wave height (ft)

Peak period (sec)

Wave forecast images courtesy of LOLA


WHY OFFSHORE…?- Best resource in deep water >50m- Plenty of space plus high ‘power-density’- Minimal environmental impact- Minimum visual intrusion


SOUTH UISTVariation of wave energy resource with water depth

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Water depth (m)

Mea

n p

ow

er (k

W/m

)

OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

The offshore/marine sector’scontribution:

“No major technical barriers to thedevelopment of wave energyprototypes have been identified.All issues raised under design,construction, deployment andoperation can be addressed bytransfer of technology from otherindustries, especially the offshoreindustry”

DTI Report - Wave Energy: Technology Transfer &R&D RecommendationsOve Arup, October 2000


THE PELAMIS WECConcept− Articulated cylinder− Self-referenced− Slack moored− Head-on to incident waves

Complete machine- 150m length- 3.5m diameter- 750kW rating- 2.7GWh p.a.

Power Conversion Module- 4 x hydraulic rams (2 heave, 2 sway)- 2 x 157kVA/ 125kW motor/generator sets- 250kW rating


KEY FEATURES

• Survivability – core theme…• 100% available technology• Hydraulic Power Take Off• Power smoothing• Tuneable• Maximum flexibility• Minimum work on-site• Off-site maintenance


POWER SMOOTHING

POWER LIMITING

DEVELOPMENT PATH

ExperimentalModelling- 14 tank test programmes- 5 test models at 80th, 50th,35th,33rd & 20th scales- Survivability characteristic validated- Numerical power predictions validated- Mooring dynamics validated- Further tank programmes

NumericalModelling- Frequency domain simulation- Time-domain simulation- Structural analysis- Power take-off & control- Mooring dynamics- Extreme load analysis

1/7th scale full systems

prototype

Independent Design

Verification

Full-scalePower

Conversion Module

Fu

ll-sc

ale,

pre

-pro

du

ctio

np

roto

typ

e


1/7th SCALE PROTOTYPE

-‘Full systems’ prototype- Same hydraulics system- Same control system- First tests October 2001- Concept verified at 1/7th scale


POWER CONVERSION MODULETEST-RIG

Successful verification of full-scale power take offsystem on land


DESIGN VERIFICATION

• Work undertaken by WS Atkins, Europe’spremier offshore design consultants

• All aspects of design and construction

• Assessed to same factors of safety asmanned offshore oil & gas installations

• Application of DNV/API offshore designcodes

• Fatigue and extreme load analysis overdesign life of machine (ULS, ALS, FLS)

• Verified and insured


FULL-SCALE PROTOTYPE• Machine is pre-production

prototype• Supported by UK DTI• Build/assembly through

managed subcontracts

• Initial sea trials behindvessel

• Testing at EMEC

• Power prediction• Connection/ detachment• Survivability, operability,

maintainability, reliability


P-750 PROTOTYPE ‘PHILOSOPHY’


- Pre-production unit- 15 year design life- Conservative design- Design independently verified

(WS Atkins)- Systems proven- Moorings system as for farm- Fully instrumented- SCADA- Insured

DESIGN DRIVERS:- Build methods- Deployment methods- Maintenance methods

FINAL ASSEMBLY, ROSYTHFINAL ASSEMBLY, ROSYTH

EMEC


EMEC, ORKNEY

MOORINGS INSTALLED

PELAMIS INSTALLED

Image © Aquatera.co.uk

Image © Aquatera.co.uk

ONWARD PROGRAMME- Rigorous testing of prototype- Commercialisation- Project development… (Cornwall, Scotland, Portugal, USA + others…)- Target = demonstration projects installed during 2005


Year 2003 2004 2005Quarter 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATORBuild

LaunchTest

PROJECTS - PHASE ONE

PROJECTS - PHASE TWO

PROJECTS – PHASE ONE

Example (2005)- 4-10 x 750kW machines- 3-7.5MW rated output- BUT infrastructure & development

work for whole project


PHASES TWO AND ONWARDS

EXAMPLE

- 39 x P-750 machines- 30MW- £30-50m installed cost- 2.0km x 0.5km- 30 MW/km2

- 110 GWh/year (~20,000 homes)


PORTUGALGRUPO ENERSIS- 3-5MW demonstration, Nazaré- Target build/install 2005- Wave measurement underway- Survey underway- Local manufacturing content- 20MW accepted by DGE


WIND PROSPECT- Wind Prospect (2nd UK wind farm, Burbo)- Ocean Prospect formed- Phased wave-farm deployment- Demo at ‘Wave Hub’?- General site survey underway- Target installation 2006


SW ENGLAND

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Electrical Power Research Institute

- Public/private project part funded byDOE, NREL and individual states

- Project: four state wave energydemonstration projects in Maine, Oregon,Washington, Hawaii

- Pelamis selected by EPRI as the bestand only system currently recommendedfor deployment.

- Target installation 2006OCEAN POWERDELIVERY LTD.www.oceanpd.com

- Consortium development- Sites identified- Staged development- Target: first stage installed 2005/6- Onward routemap defined- Expected funding from £50m DTI

marine deployment fund

SCOTLAND

2000

m

500m


COST REDUCTIONMECHANISMS

• Required returns on capital

• Economies of Scale

• Learning by doing


REQUIRED RETURNS

Influenced by:• Risks during project

development• Risks during

construction/installation• Risks during operation

(technical & political)• Availability of debt• Project length• Due diligence costs• Bankable warranties• Future uncertainty


ECONOMIES OF SCALE

• Planning– Onshore costs, Env. Impacts, Seabed survey,

Resource assessment and measurement• Construction

– Cable costs, Cable lay costs, Grid connection,Machine installation

• Machine– Bulk ordering of components, Tooling costs, Plant

overhead, Verification costs• Operation

– Insurance, Maintenance, Spares


ECONOMIES OF SCALE

Economies of scale - example of ratio of fixed costs to variable costs (machines)1-4, 4-10 and 10-28 machine project examples

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No. of machines in project

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tal P

roje

ct C

ost

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ach

ine

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lMachine costs

Non-machine costsFixed costs % of total


EXPERIENCE & TECHNOLOGICALIMPROVEMENT

• Project capital costs– Machine cost – components– Prototype – Batch – Series production– Development costs (EIA etc)

• Project operation– Improvements in energy capture– Insurance costs– O&M costs


BRIDGING THE GAP- High initial costs...- High initial risks...- High initial opportunities…

- Costs fall as a result oftechnical refinement

- Costs fall in line withinstalled capacity

- Costs fall as a result ofinvestor confidence


THE OPPORTUNITY

• First projects: attractive returns,through market enablementmechanisms (eg: UK: RenewableObligation + Capital grants;Portugal €c23/kWh)

OPDManufacture and

supply waveenergy converters

DeveloperPlan, permit,finance and

install wave farms

OperatorOwn and operatewave farms, sell

electricity generated

Additional renewables generating capacity required by 2010 to meet targets(assumes typical 30% capacity factor for all renewables)

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United K

ingdom

France

Irela

nd

Denm

ark

Norway

Spain

Portugal

South A

frica

Austra

lia

Vanco

uver I

sland

Califo

rnia

*

GW

re

qu

ire

d t

o b

e in

sta

lled

Total Requirement: 60GW, approx £50bn

* proposed targets for California and South Africa. SA target for all energy use in 2012.

• Strategic:Accessible globalmarket size >£50bnby 2010, unlimitedby resource


OCEAN POWER DELIVERY LTDOCEAN POWER DELIVERY LTD


www.oceanpd.com

the pelamis wave energy converter ocean power_m._the_pelamis... · the pelamis wave energy...

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