the periodic table and periodic trends chapter 5 standard #1: atomic and molecular structure
TRANSCRIPT
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The Periodic Tableand
Periodic TrendsChapter 5
Standard #1: Atomic and Molecular Structure
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Halogens
Alk
ali M
etal
sA
lkal
ine
Eart
h M
etal
s
Transition Metals
Inner Transition Metals
Noble G
ases
B
Si
Ge As
Sb Te
At
Metalloids/ Semi-metals
THE FAMILIES OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
Po
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The Blocks of the periodic table
s-block
d-block
p-block
f-block
The valence electrons spin in a sphere
The valence electrons spin a figure 8 patternThe valence
electrons spin in a four lobe pattern
Too complex
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RIDDLE: What does Sodium Oxide and
Rihanna have in common?
They both are called
Oh Na Na
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Some Facts about the periodic table:
18 vertical columns
7 Horizontal rows
II. FAMILY /GROUP
III. PERIOD
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Can you do this?? Tom Lehrerthe elements song
pianist, musician and retired mathematician ,
UC Santa Cruz
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Characteristics of METALS1. GOOD Conductors of heat and electricity
2. Solid at Room Temperture
3.3.MalleableMalleable(to make into (to make into
sheets)sheets)4.4. Ductile Ductile (to make into a (to make into a
wire)wire)
Pure
Copper Metal
Except Mercury (Hg)
Take out a sheet of paper
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chemical properties of metals video
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Characteristics of Non-Metals1.Poor Conductors of heat and electricity
2.Mostly Gases
4. Texture Varies
Chlorine
Carbon
Sulfur
Bromine
Iodine
Carbon
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chemical properties of non metals video
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The Metalloids or Semimetals have some characteristics of both
1. Can be shiny or dull. 2. Some are malleable/ductile.3. Some conduct heat and electricity.
Silicon
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Johann Dobereiner
You can calculate the mass of the middle element by knowing the one above it an below it!
Try Ni 59
Pd X
Pt 195
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John Newlands
Law of OCTAVES
Every 8th element repeats in
patternHe arranged the 62 known elements in order of increasing atomic weights
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Dimitr
i
Mendele
evA.K.AThe
Father of
Chemistry
Gets credit for publishing the
First Periodic Table
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Mendeleev’s Periodic table
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Henry Moseley
Corrected periodic table by arranging it Corrected periodic table by arranging it according to the according to the atomic numberatomic number..
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Video Organizing the Elements Mendeleevs Table
clip
Stop!
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Review of metals/Non-metalsVideo clips
Review before the periodic trends
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Periodic TrendsA.The Atomic Radius: The distance from the center of the
nucleus to the valence electron.
1. Down a group
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Going down a group, the electron orbitals (shell)
increase, causing the radius to get BIGGER!
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2. Going Across the (period)
There is a greater attraction which will cause the radius to get smaller.
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Ionic Radius:.
atomic radius: .152nm ionic radius (1+ ion): .060nm
e-
1. Cation:
The distance from center of nucleus to valence electron for the ion.
An atom that loses electrons (+)
The cation is smaller than the original atom because it
loses an electron and orbital.
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F-1
anion
1. Anion: An atom that gains electrons (-)
e-
--
-
-
-
-
--
The anion will be larger than the atom because it will have greater electron repulsion
F atom
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atom
cation
atom
anion
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C. Ionization Energy The amount of energy needed to remove an electron (to make a cation)
1. Going down a Family:
Requires LESS Ionization Energy because valence
electron is further away from the nucleus.
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1. Going across a period:
It takes MORE ionization energy because the electrons are held closer
to the nucleus.
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Can Lithium lose more than 1 electron?
520.2 KJ/mol
7290.1 KJ/mol
..
.
11,815.0 KJ/mol
Li +1
(looks like He with 2 e-)
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Li+1 (520KJ/mol)
Li+2 (7298.1KJ/mol)
Li+3 (11,815.0KJ/mol)
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Electronegativity:
A. Going down a family:
B. Going across a period:
Reflects the atoms ability to attract electronsReflects the atoms ability to attract electronsNOT attracting electrons….too big and wants to get rid of electrons
Has a high attraction for electrons…
.small and needing electrons
High electronegativity
Low
electronegativity
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_____________is the most electronegative element and _______________is the least
Fluorine
Francium
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