THE PHARYNX

Definition of Pharynx

The pharynx is the body cavity that connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus. It is also called throat. The pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems. For the digestive system, its muscular walls function in the process of swallowing and it serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus. As part of the respiratory system, it allows for the movement of air from the nose and mouth to the larynx in the process of breathing.

Anatomy of the Pharynx

The pharynx is approximately 13 centimeters long and is divided into three parts. These parts include the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

The nasopharynx is the most superior, or uppermost, part of the pharynx that works with the nasal cavity during breathing. It provides a passageway for air moving from the nose. The pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids, are located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.

The oropharynx is behind the soft palate of the mouth and is below the nasopharynx. It serves as a passageway for food moving from the mouth to the esophagus and for air moving to and from the nasal cavity. A flap of connective tissue called the epiglottis is located at the bottom of the oropharynx and serves as a guide to make sure food enters the esophagus and does not enter the trachea where it would cause aspiration and other health complications.

The laryngopharynx lies below, or inferior, to the oropharynx and serves as a passageway for food to the esophagus.