the phoenicians
DESCRIPTION
The Phoenicians. Phoenicia was located in Southwest Asia. Phoenician Coastal Plain. Tyre. Phoenicians. The Phoenicians were a Semitic-speaking people. They settled in small city-states in present-day Lebanon. There were few natural resources in their land. So, they turned to the seas. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
E. Napp
The Phoenicians
E. Napp
Phoenicia was located in Southwest Asia.
E. Napp
Phoenician Coastal PlainPhoenician Coastal Plain TyreTyre
E. Napp
Phoenicians
• The Phoenicians were a Semitic-speaking people.
• They settled in small city-states in present-day Lebanon.
• There were few natural resources in their land. So, they turned to the seas.
E. Napp
• 3000 BC => First Phoenician settlement• 1800 BC => Under Egyptian control• 1600 BC => Trading with foreign cities
• 3000 BC => First Phoenician settlement• 1800 BC => Under Egyptian control• 1600 BC => Trading with foreign cities• 1400 BC => Under Hittite control• 1200 BC => Independent & colonizing• 800 BC => Under Assyrians• 585 BC => Conquered by Nebuchadnezzar• 332 BC => Conquered by Alexander• 64 BC => Absorbed into Roman empire
• 1400 BC => Under Hittite control• 1200 BC => Independent & colonizing• 800 BC => Under Assyrians• 585 BC => Conquered by Nebuchadnezzar• 332 BC => Conquered by Alexander• 64 BC => Absorbed into Roman empire
115115
E. Napp
The Phoenicians:Sailors of the Mediterranean
The Phoenicians settled on the Mediterranean Sea. They were part of the fertile crescent that extended from Mesopotamia to Egypt and beyond.
E. Napp
The Phoenicians were seafaring traders.They sailed the Mediterranean sea.
E. Napp
Phoenician Traders
• By 900 B.C., the Phoenicians dominated Mediterranean trade.
• The Phoenicians were able to build a civilization without relying on agriculture.
• Income generated by trade allowed the Phoenicians to build permanent settlements.
E. Napp
E. Napp
Mediterranean as a Cultural Petri Dish/Cultural Diffusion
E. Napp
Murex snail (or sea snail /
Murex Trunculus)
E. Napp
E. Napp
Tyrian purple Quick Details
Source: Murex TrunculusColour: PurplePlace of Origin: Phoenicia
Name of the colour:Tyrian royal purplethis pigment / colour is
extracted from sea snails called ''Murex Trunculus’’
E. Napp
Glass
E. Napp
CEDAR TREES
E. Napp
Tyre was famous for arts & crafts
•crafts in stone, metal, glass, etc.•objects of gold, ivory, silver or glass•for temples and tombs• found throughout the
Mediterranean region
Crafts
E. Napp
Crafts
E. Napp
Trade: EXPORT
• Leading sailors and traders of ancient world• They traded:
– Cloth– Dye (purple dye made from shellfish
murex)– Glass– Pottery– Cedar trees
E. Napp
Amphora: Originate on Phoenician Coast carry wine, olive oil, dye
E. Napp
Underwater Archeology: Phoenician Shipwrecks
E. Napp
Underwater Archeology: Phoenician Shipwrecks
E. Napp
Trade: IMPORT
• Traded for:– Tin (Britannia)– Hides, ivory, ostrich feathers, and slaves (Africa)– Gold, precious stones, and spices (India)
E. Napp
COINS, MONEY
E. Napp
These are Phoenician coins. Phoenician money was minted
by individual cities.
E. Napp
The World’s First Alphabet• The Phoenicians invented the world’s first
alphabet.
• Each of the twenty-two Phoenician alphabet symbols represented a different sound.
• The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet. From the Phoenician and Greek alphabets come our alphabet.
E. Napp
An alphabet based on symbolsrepresenting sounds is easier to learn
than the use of characters.
E. Napp
E. Napp
A is for Ox!
A
E. Napp
This is what really happened!
E. Napp
H is for ‘fence’
E. Napp
118118Phoenician was an important
'trunk' of the alphabet tree
E. Napp
Inventions• Alphabet of consonants
• Papyrus paper
• Keeled hull
Technological Advancements
• Use of the North Star• Method of charting ship speed• Maps and charts
E. Napp
Navigation and Seafaring
• Established commercial supremacy • Phoenicians are credited with discovery
and use of Polaris • Ventured where others would not• Carefully guarded secrets of their trade
routes and discoveries and knowledge of winds and currents
• Made up stories of sea monsters and the dangers of sea travel
E. Napp
E. Napp
E. Napp
E. Napp
E. Napp
Trireme: warship with battering ram
E. Napp
Protection from pirates
E. Napp
Pillars of Hercules: The End of the Known World
E. Napp
How much Phoenician Exploration?
E. Napp
Did the Phoenicians circumnavigate Africa?
• Some historians believe that this was possible• Ancient Greek historian Herodotus says
Phoenicians sailed into the Red Sea• Since Phoenician sailors kept their sea travel
knowledge secret there is little historical evidence.
• Having the ability to do something, and doing it are two separate things.
• Zheng He and the Chinese Treasure Fleets
E. Napp
E. Napp
Papyrus Boat: Ra II 1970
E. Napp
Thor Hyerdal and Ra
E. Napp
Phoenician Colonies
• The Phoenicians established trading colonies throughout the Mediterranean region.
• A colony is a region controlled by a distant country.
• Carthage was a famous Phoenician trading colony in North Africa.
E. NappThe Phoenicians established many colonies.
E. Napp
In various cities these deities were known by different names:In various cities these deities were known by different names:
CitiesTyre Sidon
Byblos
Father god
--Baal
Shamaym
El
Mother god
Astarte
--Baala
t
Young male god
Melqart
EshmunAdoni
s
ReligionReligion 116116
E. Napp
Government• Area divided into city-states
– Loose union
• Kings appear to be the oldest form of government in the area.– Royal houses claimed “Devine Consent.” – Kings could not be chosen by outside members.– King’s power was limited by powerful merchant
families
• Some areas had a council of elders
E. Napp
Leaders• There were kings of each city-state.
– King Rib-Addi of Byblos– King Abi-Miliki of Tyre– King Zimrida of Sidon
• Custom for kings to be of royal blood.
E. Napp
•Israelite King Omri allied with the Phoenician cities of the coast.• Omri’s son, Ahab, married jezebel, daughter of Ethbaal,
King of Tyre, and Sidon.
MORE KINGS • Abibaal-Tyre-(ended 981 BC.)
• King Hiram-Tyre(980-947 BC.) [enemy of Philistines, ally of Israelites]• Baal-Eser I-(946-930 BC.)• Abdastartus (929-921 BC.)• Astartus (920-901 BC.)• Deleastartus (900-889 BC.)• Astarymus (888-880 BC.)• Phelles-(879 BC.)(only for 8 months)• Ithobaal I-Tyre- (878-847 BC.)• Baal-Eser II –Tyre- (846-841 BC.)• Mattan I –Tyre- (840-832 BC.)• Azemilcus-Tyre- (332 BC.)• Abdalonymus –Sidon- (332 BC.)• Eshmunazar {Name of several Kings of Sidon}• Luli –Tyre- (729-694 BC.)• Abdi-Milkutti –Tyre- (680-677 BC.)
OTHER• Ammunira –Beirut- Mid 14th Century BC.• Zakar-Baal –Byblos- during the 11th Century BC. • Abdemon –Cyrpus- End of the 5th Century BC. • Ribttadda – Byblos-
E. Napp
Travel and trade encouraged culturaldiffusion.
E. NappLand of PhoeniciaTrade Routes
Phoenician Shipping Routes
AFRICA
ASIA MINOR
EUROPE
(Tarshish)
118118