the phylogeny of vertebrates. activity 7: the phylogeny of vertebrates limited license to modify....

Activity 7

The Phylogeny of Vertebrates

Activity 7: The Phylogeny of Vertebrates

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Get Started

Strawberry Apple Orange

By what specific physical characteristic could we classify the following fruits into two groups?


Introduction

A character is a recognizable structure, function, or behavior of an organism.

A homologous character, or homology, is shared by taxa and their common ancestor.

Read the introduction.


Introduction

Shared derived characters are homologies shared by all populations of a single species or group of species descended from a common ancestor.

An evolutionary tree, or tree, is a branched diagram for classifying taxa that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships of taxa.

Activity 7: The Phylogeny of VertebratesActivity 7: The Phylogeny of Vertebrates

Level Northern Red Oak Tree

Mouse E. coli House Cat

Human Chimpanzee

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Bacteria Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae Animalia Eubacteria Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Magnoliophyta Chordata Proteobacteria Chordata Chordata Chordata

Class Magnoliopsida Mammalia Gamma Proteobacteria

Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia

Order Fagales Rodentia Enterobacteriales Carnivora Primates Primates

Family Fagaceae Muridae Enterobacteriaceae Felidae Hominidae Hominidae

Genus Quercus Mus Escherichia Felis Homo Pan

Species Quercus rubra Mus musculus

Escherichia coli Felis domesticus

Homo sapiens

Pan troglodytes

Taxonomy


How do you test a tree hypothesis for a group of taxa?

Challenge


Vertebrate Forelimbs


Procedure

All of the taxa share a common ancestor that had forelimbs with similar structures. The taxa gradually evolved as certain features enabled them to take advantage of opportunities in their environment.

Procedure Step 3


Homology and Analogy


Character Matrix for Six Vertebrates

Character Lamprey Frog Bird Whale Pig Human

Pelvic remnants (small portion of what was once a whole pelvis)

0 0 0 1 0 0

Body hair 0 0 0 1 1 1

Amniotic egg 0 0 1 1 1 1

Forelimbs 0 1 1 1 1 1

Vertebral column (backbone)

1 1 1 1 1 1

Procedure


Vertebrate Tree


Branched Tree


Hypotheses for Vertebrate Phylogeny


Procedure

Add information from this activity or a previous activity to support whether any of the statements are correct or incorrect.

Return to Student Sheet 3.1, “Ideas about Evolution”


Follow Up

Based on the tree you chose:◦ Which are more closely related to humans: birds or

frogs? Support your answer with evidence.◦ Which are more distantly related to birds: humans or

lampreys? Support your answer with evidence.◦ Which group shares a more recent common ancestor

with whales: pigs or humans? Support your answer with evidence.

Analysis 3


Follow Up

Based on the portion of a tree shown below, what can you say about the relationship of taxa X to horses and humans?

Analysis 4


How do you test a tree hypothesis for a group of taxa?

Revisit the Challenge


Key Vocabulary

character clade evidence evolutionary tree homologous

character homology hypothesis

node phylogenetics shared derived

character taxa taxon

Key Vocabulary

the phylogeny of vertebrates. activity 7: the phylogeny of vertebrates limited license to modify....

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