the physics of charged particle therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 the physics of charged...
TRANSCRIPT
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04.05.2020
The Physics
of Charged Particle TherapyIntroduction to Particle Therapy
Part I/II – Fundamental Concepts and Physics
Benedikt Kopp
PhD Candidate
Biophysics in Particle Therapy Group (BioPT), Heidelberg, Germany
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PAge25/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 204.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
!! Disclaimer !!
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PAge35/4/2020 |
Author
Division
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Literature
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Author
Division
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Additional Literature
• Schardt, Dieter, Thilo Elsässer, and Daniela Schulz-Ertner.
"Heavy-ion tumor therapy: Physical and radiobiological
benefits." Reviews of modern physics 82.1 (2010): 383.
• Wilson, Robert R. "Radiological use of fast protons."
Radiology 47.5 (1946): 487-491.
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PAge55/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 504.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Overview
• Introduction to Radiotherapy
• Physics:
• Energy Loss
• Lateral Beam shape
• Beam Delivery Techniques
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PAge65/4/2020 |
Author
Division
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTThe Ideal
Irradiation Type
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PAge75/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
A Quick Comparison
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PAge85/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
An Old but Good Idea
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PAge95/4/2020 |
Author
Division
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Dose Deposition
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PAge105/4/2020 |
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Introduction to PT Dose Deposition
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PAge115/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 1104.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Overview
• Introduction to Radiotherapy
• Physics:
• Interaction Types of Particles with Matter
• Energy Loss in Material
• Lateral Beam Shape
• Beam Delivery Techniques
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PAge125/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Physics of Particles
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PAge135/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Physics of Particles
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PAge145/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTCoulomb Interaction
with Electrons
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PAge155/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTCoulomb Interaction
with Electrons
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PAge165/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT !! Important !!
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PAge175/4/2020 |
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Introduction to PT !! Important !!
(and material)
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Physics of Particles
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PAge195/4/2020 |
Author
Division
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTCoulomb Interaction
with Nuclei
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PAge205/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTCoulomb Interaction
with Nuclei
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTCoulomb Interaction
with Nuclei
Highland Formula describes the lateral scattering in
a first approximation as a Gaussian with αθ
Lrad Radiation Length of Material
d Thickness of absorber
Zp Charge of particle
p Momentum of particle
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PAge225/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTCoulomb Interaction
with Nuclei
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PAge235/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Physics of Particles
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PAge245/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT Nuclear Interactions
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT Nuclear Interactions
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT Nuclear Interactions
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PAge275/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT Nuclear Interactions
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT Nuclear Interactions
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Introduction to PT Nuclear Interactions
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Introduction to PT
Taken from Schardt 2010 et al.
Nuclear Interactions
of Heavy Projectiles
Heavy particles (e.g. Carbon, Oxygen, Neon ions) also
undergo fragmentation
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Introduction to PT
400 MeV/u 12C Beam
in water
Seconardy fragments
buildup with depth in
water
Taken from Haettner et al. 2006
Nuclear Interactions
of Heavy Projectiles
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Introduction to PT
Secondary fragments contribute significantly to
the dose for heavy ions!
Ta
ke
n fro
m S
ch
ard
t 20
10
et a
l.
Nuclear Interactions
of Heavy Projectiles
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Introduction to PT
Abrasion ablasion model can be used to describe nuclear
reactions in heavy particles (4He, 12C, 16O)
Nuclear interactions of heavy ions
• produce secondary particles
• have a higher relative secondary particle count with
depth in water
• produced fragments have increased range
→ Creates tail after the Bragg Peak
Nuclear Interactions
of Heavy Projectiles
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PAge345/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTNuclear Interactions
of Heavy Projectiles
Protos scatter more
laterally
Heavy ions have a
tail
In this example, the
tail dose reaches the
brain stem (yellow)
of the patient.
Ada
pte
d fro
m K
opp
et a
l. 202
0
Protons
Carbon ions
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PAge355/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 3504.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Overview
• Introduction to Radiotherapy
• Physics:
• Interaction Types of Particles with Matter
• Energy Loss in Material
• Lateral Beam Shape
• Beam Delivery Techniques
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PAge365/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT !! Important !!
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Introduction to PT The Bragg-Peak
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT The Bragg-Peak
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PAge395/4/2020 |
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTThe Bethe-Bloch
Formula
The energy loss of a particle can be described by the
Bethe-Bloch formula (including correction terms):
At energies at about 10 MeV/u projectiles
recombine with free electron and the effective
charge must be used.
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Introduction to PTThe Bethe-Bloch
Formula
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Introduction to PT The Bragg-Peak
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Introduction to PT The Bragg-Peak
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Introduction to PT Range Straggling
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Introduction to PT
Proton Range and
Path length
Total path length of a particle is defined by:
For heavy ions, the path length is very close to the range of
the beam.
The range of a particle with specific energy (MeV/u)
scales with A/Z2.
Taken from Schardt et al. 2010
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Introduction to PT
Mean range of ions in
water
Taken from Schardt et al. 2010
4He ions have
the same range
as protons for
the same
specific energy!
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Introduction to PT Proton Range
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Introduction to PT !! Important !!
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Introduction to PTFacts of Proton
Beams
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Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTThe Spread-Out
Bragg Peak (SOBP)
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PAge505/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTThe Spread-Out
Bragg Peak (SOBP)
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PAge515/4/2020 |
Author
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Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTThe Spread-Out
Bragg Peak (SOBP)
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Introduction to PT
How to create a SOBP
→ Algorithms and Optimization
With the solution:
Lomax 1999
Optimizing a SOBP
![Page 53: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
PAge535/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 5304.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTOptimizing a SOBP
in modern times
Wieser et al. 2017
Objectives are goals the
optimziation is trying to
reach (dose in tumor)
Constraints ensure that
a sensible solution is
reached
![Page 54: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
PAge545/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 5404.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Overview
• Introduction to Radiotherapy
• Physics:
• Interaction Types of Particles with Matter
• Energy Loss in Material
• Lateral Beam Shape
• Beam Delivery Techniques
![Page 55: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
PAge555/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 5504.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
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PAge565/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 5604.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
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PAge575/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 5704.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
![Page 58: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
PAge585/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 5804.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
![Page 59: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
PAge595/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 5904.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
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PAge605/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6004.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
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PAge615/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6104.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
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PAge625/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6204.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
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PAge635/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6304.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
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PAge645/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6404.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
![Page 65: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
PAge655/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6504.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Lateral Beam Shape
![Page 66: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
PAge665/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6604.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTSchema of principal
contributions
![Page 67: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
PAge675/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6704.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PT
Overview
• Introduction to Radiotherapy
• Physics:
• Interaction Types of Particles with Matter
• Energy Loss in Material
• Lateral Beam Shape
• Beam Delivery Techniques
![Page 68: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
PAge685/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6804.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTPassive
Beam Delivery
![Page 69: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
PAge695/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 6904.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTPassive
Beam Delivery
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PAge705/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 7004.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTActive
Beam Delivery
![Page 71: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
PAge715/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 7104.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTActive
Beam Delivery
![Page 72: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
PAge725/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 7204.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTActive
Beam Delivery
![Page 73: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
PAge735/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 7304.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTActive
Beam Delivery
![Page 74: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
PAge745/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 7404.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTActive vs Passive
Beam Delivery
![Page 75: The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy · 2020. 5. 5. · 04.05.2020 The Physics of Charged Particle Therapy Introduction to Particle Therapy Part I/II –Fundamental Concepts and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071510/612dec311ecc515869427d5c/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
PAge755/4/2020 |
Author
Division
Page 7504.05.2020 |
Benedikt Kopp
Introduction to PTEnd of Part
I/II
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