the pituitary gland & hypothalamus gland

Upload: roxanne-postrano-de-vera

Post on 03-Apr-2018

220 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    1/10

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    2/10

    Important autonomic nervous system andendocrine center of the brain locatedinferior to the thalamus.

    It controls the pituitary gland.

    Emotions as well as stress come from here.

    2 kinds of hormones secreted by the

    hypothalamus: Releasing hormone : stimulates release of

    hormones

    Inhibiting hormones : inhibits release of hormones

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    3/10

    A small pea-sized gland.

    Rests in a depression of the sphenoid

    bone inferior to the hypothalamus of thebrain (sella turcica)

    Located posterior to the optic chiasma

    and Is connected to the hypothalamusby a stalk called infundibulum.

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    4/10

    Divided into 2 parts: Anterior : made up of epithelial cells derived

    from the embryonic oral cavity.

    Posterior : extension of the brain and is madeup of neurons.

    It is called the master gland because it

    controls the functions of other glands. Secretes hormones that influence

    growth, kidney function, birth and milkproduction.

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    5/10

    Secretions from the anterior pituitary arecontrolled by hormones that pass

    through the hypothalamic-pituitaryportal system from the hypothalamus.

    Hormones secreted from the posteriorpituitary are controlled by the actionpotentials carried by axons that passfrom the hypothalamus to the posteriorpituitary.

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    6/10

    Growth Hormone (GH)

    Stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, and

    other organs by increasing protein synthesis. Resists protein breakdown during periods of

    food deprivation and favors fat breakdown.

    Secretion of GH is controlled by 2 hormones

    from the hypothalamus: Releasing hormone (stimulates release of GH)

    Inhibiting hormone (inhibits release of GH)

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    7/10

    GH secretion increases during periods offasting & exercise.

    Aside from GH, genetics, nutrition, and sexhormones influence growth.

    Part of the effect of growth hormone isinfluenced by a group of protein chemical

    signals called insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)or somatomedins.

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    8/10

    Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

    Binds to the membrane-bound receptors on

    cells of the thyroid gland and cause the cellsto secrete thyroid hormone.

    When there is too much TSH, thyroid glandsenlarge & secretes too much thyroid

    hormone. (Vice versa) The rate of TSH secretion is increased by a

    releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    9/10

    Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

    Binds to the membrane-bound receptors on

    cells in the cortex of the adrenal glands. ACTH increases the secretion of a hormone

    from the adrenal cortex called cortisol orhydrocortisone.

    ACTH is required to keep the adrenal cortexfrom degenerating.

  • 7/28/2019 The Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Gland

    10/10

    ACTH binds to melanocytes which increasesskin pigmentation. In accordance to this, toomuch ACTH will result to darkening of the

    skin.

    The rate of ACTH secretion is increased by areleasing hormone from the hypothalamus.