the plant kingdom life cycle overview
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Chapter 23. The Plant Kingdom Life cycle overview. Basic Concepts - asexual vs. sexual reproduction (most) asexual reproduction one individual, no diversity in offspring, less time and E asexual spores and structures s pores : small packets of DNA, protected by a tough outer coat - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE PLANT KINGDOM LIFE CYCLE OVERVIEW
Chapter 23
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Basic Concepts- asexual vs. sexual reproduction(most)
1. asexual reproductiona. one individual, no diversity in
offspring, less time and Eb. asexual spores and structures
i. spores: small packets of DNA, protected by a tough outer coat
ii. mitosis diploid (2n) structures
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
a. two individuals, diversity in offspring, more time and E
b. involves reproductive structures:i. sporangia, cones, flowersii. monoecious vs. dioecious plants• monoecious: every ind.
produces both egg and sperm• dioecious: separate male and
female individuals
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Fig. 23.3 Alternation of generations
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a. sexual sporesi. haploid produced through meiosisii. sporophyte phase of life cycle• plant itself is diploid (2n)
b. sexual gametesi. egg and sperm cells• haploid, but produced through
mitosisii. gametophyte phase of life cycle• plant itself is haploid (n)
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Alternation of Generations-sporo. vs gametophyte
1. sporophyte generationa. diploid (2n) stageb. germ cells in reproductive
structures undergo meiosis• produce 4 haploid spores each
c. spores will grow and develop new gametophyte
d. most prominent generation in most plants
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gametophyte generation
a. haploid (n) stageb. gametophyte develops from haploid
sporesc. produces gametes (egg and sperm cells)
i. special cells in specialized structuresii. mitosis
• why no need for meiosis here?d. fertilization zygote new sporophyte
• fertilization involves two different individuals of same species
e. not very prominent in most plants
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Fig. 27.1Alternation of generations in flowering plants
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II.Evolutionary Themes in Plants-plants developed from filamentous green algae-trend toward a completely terrestrial existence
1. rely less and less on water for reproduction2. mechanisms to control water loss3. vascular tissues for transport
a. xylem: transport of waterb. phloem: transport of food (sugars)
--lightweight, resilient spores that can go dormant
-protective packaging for gametes and embryos -prolonged sporophyte and reduced gametophyte
generation
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Fig. 23.4 Reduction in the size of the gametophyte
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Angiosperms – Flowering Plants
A. reproductive structures are flowersB. largest and most diverse group of plants on earthC. divided into two broad classes:
1. monocotyledonae (monocots)• most herbaceous plants, grasses,
weeds, agricultural plants
2. eudicotyledonae (eudicots)• all woody plants, some herbaceous
plants