the plantright pre: a new screening process for invasiveness christiana conser project scientist...
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The PlantRight PRE: A New Screening
Process for InvasivenessChristiana Conser
Project ScientistPlantRight, Sustainable Conservation
Invasive Ornamental Plant SymposiumChicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL
October 3, 2013
Economic impact of nursery and landscape industrySource: CANGC 2010
CA’s Top 20 Commodies (sales and rank values (2002-2008)
CA Nursery & Floral Sales (Total and as a % of Total Ag Sales)
Bradley et al. 2011
Global Trade
Drivers of New Plant Introductions
Regional • New housing starts• Consumer demand• Interest in novel and exotic
plants• Increased demand for
xeriscaping• Water restrictions• Adaptations to climate change
scenarios
Technological • Advances in plant breeding
and propagation
Rate of new plant introductionsNumber of commercially available cultivars (1987 to 2008)
Drew et al. 2010
20,000
105,000
48%37%
13% Horticultural/ornamental
Seed/other contaminant
Dye, medicinal, forage
Aquarium trade
2%
Bell 2007
Historical Invasive Plant Pathways for California% of Total Invasive Plants Accidentally or Intentionally Introduced to California
A plant that does not naturally occur in a specific region but whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm to the environment, economy or to human health.
Photo | California Invasive Plant Council, Beth Hendrickson
What is an Invasive Plant?
What is not an Invasive Plant?
Garden weedsNon-native ornamental plants
• Abundant flowers
• Easy to propagate
• Grows quickly
• Weather/soil tolerant
• Resistant to pests and disease
• Broad germination
• Establish rapidly
• Use up limited resources
• Weather/soil tolerant
• Resistant to pests and disease
Ornamental Traits
Invasive Traits
Photo | UC Davis ArboretumPhoto | California Invasive Plant Council, Beth Hendrickson
Comparison of Invasive and Ornamental Traits
Weed Risk Assessment
Pheloung et al. 1999
• 49 Questions• Biogeography/Historical
• Domestication/Cultivation• Climate and Distribution• Weed Elsewhere
• Biology/Ecology• Undesirable Traits• Plant Type• Reproduction• Dispersal Mechanisms• Persistence Attributes
• Used in Australia & other parts of the world
Photo | AQIS
Australian WRA
Comparison of global WRA model accuracy
Austra
lia
Hawai
i
Czech
Rep
ublic
Japa
n
Vario
us
Flor
ida
Spai
nIta
ly0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Invasive PlantsNon-Invasive Plants
All WRA’s have low accuracy for non-invasive plants
Weed Risk Assessment
• Revised Q37 (NAPPRA-Not allow pending risk assessment)
• All nursery stock requires a pre-import risk analysis
• Evaluate the ability of a species to spread outside cultivation
• APHIS WRA modeled from Australia’s WRA
• Impact on imports for nursery industry unknown
USDA-APHIS-PPQ
Koop et al. 2011
Weed Risk Assessment
• High accuracy for non-invasive plants• Predict regional invasiveness• Screen sterile and non-sterile cultivars• Screen plants early in the R&D process• Rapid screenings, quick results• Provide real-time risk assessment for
invasiveness• Updated with new information as it
becomes available
WRA adapted for screening ornamental plants
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
Photo | UC Davis Arboretum
• Taxonomy• Cultivar names• Invasive history in CA, US,
world• Climate suitability for CA• Difficulty of control• Negative environmental
impacts• Reproductive strategies• Dispersal • Growth rate
Types of screening questions
Photo | UC Davis Arboretum
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
Screening Procedure & Data Collection
Protocol adapted from Gordon et al. 2010
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
PlantRight PRE Scoring
Invasive>19Non-invasive<14Evaluate Further=15-18
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
PlantRight PRE
Australian WRA
PlantRight PRE
Australian WRA
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Evaluator 1Evaluator 2Evaluator 3
Non-Invasive Invasive PlantRight PRE had high accuracy for non-invasive plants
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)Comparison with Australian WRA model
Austra
lia
Hawaii
Czech
Rep
ublic
Japa
n
Various
Flor
ida
Spain
Italy
Califo
rnia (A
U-WRA)
Califo
rnia (P
R-PRE)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Invasive Plants
Non-Invasive Plants
PlantRight PRE has highest accuracy for non-invasive plants
Comparison with other WRA modelsPlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
Protocol adapted from Gordon et al. 2010
PRE (Plant Risk Evaluation) TOOL
Invasive>19Non-invasive<14Evaluate Further=15-18
PRE (Plant Risk Evaluation) TOOL
• Taxonomy• Cultivar names• Invasive history• Climate suitability• Difficulty of control• Negative
environmental impacts• Reproductive
strategies• Dispersal • Growth rate
PRE (Plant Risk Evaluation) TOOL
OPPORTUNITIES | BENEFICIAL INFO
Current taxonomy and synonyms
Ornamental and cultivation history, medicinal uses, etc.
Native range and regional climatic suitability information
OPPORTUNITIES | BENEFICIAL INFO
Growth, reproduction and dispersal characteristics
Ecological information re: garden suitability
Patent information
+
Add Climate Modeling To Evaluate the Regional Suitability of Plants
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
Develop a Web-Based Tool and Database
MS-Excel Web-accessible database
Plant Breeders
Arboreta
Botanical Gardens
Retail Nurseries
Plant Buyers
Propagators
Growers
Plant Prospectors
PlantRight PRE
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
Develop Rapid Screening (RS) ToolScreen most common plants in
ornamental tradeWater Use Classification of
Ornamental Landscape Species (WUCOLS)
PlantRight Pre-PRE rapid screening tool
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
Christiana ConserPlantRight Project ScientistSustainable Conservation
www.PlantRight.org