The Populists and the Progressives

7. THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

What does PROGRESS mean? Moving forward The Progressive Era is moving towards fixing

America’s problems.

During the 19 th century, many people became fed up with the problems from urbanization and industrialization.

These people helped change rules and laws to “fix” these problems.

CH. 7 PROGRESSIVE ERA

1. THE AGRARIAN MOVEMENT• AGRARIAN=REL ATING TO THE CULTIVATION OF L AND ( I .E .

FARMERS)• MANY PEOPLE TOOK FREE L AND AND STARTED FARMING• EVENTUALLY, THESE PEOPLE RAN INTO PROBLEMS BEING FARMERS

Reasons for Farmers’ Economic Problems

1. Debt-borrowed too much $

2. Overproduction of crops

3. Natural Disasters

4. Paying too much to ship crops

To fix the farmers’ problems the Grange movement began Goal: to eliminate the “middleman”

and save money Railroads and grain storage

Farmers felt like they were taken advantage of by the railroads

Interstate Commerce Act Regulated railroads

1. THE AGRARIAN MOVEMENT

By 1892, farmers joined with industrial workers, miners, and women to join the Populist Party

Represented the “common man”Believed that rich people had too much control of the

government

2. THE POPULIST PARTY

1. Unlimited coinage of silver

Would make repaying loans easier

2. Graduated income tax Tax people based on how

much $ they have

3. Government ownership of railroads and communications

4. Immigration restrictions

5. Shorter work day (8 hours)

6. Secret ballot Vote in private, not in

public

7. Direct/popular election of senators

Give voters more of a voice

8. Term limit for President

Only let a president serve 4 years

2. POPULIST PARTY

Not many Populists were elected BUT eventually many of their ideas go into effect.

• The Populist Party ran for office to try and change the government. • Populist Party Platform:

• Platform=goals to be accomplished once elected

1. Unlimited coinage of silver

Would make repaying loans easier

2. Graduated income tax Tax people based on how

much $ they have

3. Government ownership of railroads and communications

4. Immigration restrictions

5. Shorter work day (8 hours)

6. Secret ballot Vote in private, not in

public

7. Direct/popular election of senators

Give voters more of a voice

8. Term limit for President

Only let a president serve 4 years

WHICH DO YOU SUPPORT?

• “Vote” for two or more that YOU support• Write your name under the ones you support

The Populists Rose quickly and disappeared as fast. But left a mark on American politics

Third Party Democrats and Republicans

any other group is “Third Party” Provide a voice for minorities Generate new ideas

If Third Parties have good ideas that people like, Democrats and Republicans may “borrow” the ideas

Can you name any third parties? Or third party politicians?

2. POPULIST PARTY

MODERN THIRD PARTIES

While the Grange & Populist movements helped farmers, the Progressive Movement helped the citiesThe Progressive Movement was a reaction to the rapid

industrialization, immigration, and urbanization in the cities

Focused on middle-class, city peopleLeaders were educated/important people

investigative writers, lawyers, ministers, and college professorsWanted to correct the political and economic injustices

that existed because of American industrialization

3. THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

Part of the Progressive MovementWanted social reforms

safer working conditions abolish child labor

Opposed to the harshness of unregulated free enterprise Believed the gov’t should regulate

the economy

Christian based group Believed “being your brother’s

keeper” (helping your fellow humans)

Groups such as the Salvation Army emphasized the need to help those less fortunate.

4. SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT

Writers, journalists, photographers, etc. who exposed people to the abuses of industrial society and government corruption

Term comes from the idea that these people raked up the “muck” (or dirt) of American life

5. MUCKRAKERS

Directions: Read the passages below. As you read, annotate the passage. Then answer the questions at the bottom. 1. Circle words you do not

know.2. Highlight words/phrases

that describe poor working conditions.

3. Underline words/phrases that describe unhealthy food preparation.

Answer the following questions about the passage:

In your own words describe what it was like to work in the meat-packing plant:

In your own words describe the food preparation in the meat-packing plant:

What do you think needs to happen to fix these problems? Explain.

THE JUNGLE BY UPTON SINCLAIR

5. MUCKRAKERS

The Jungle by Upton SinclairDescribe the working conditions.Describe the meat.

Most people did not know this was happening unless they worked in the meat industry.

After President Theodore Roosevelt read The Jungle he helped pass the: Meat Inspection Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Jane Addams Created the Settlement House

Ida B Wells Fought to end Lynching

W.E.B. DuBois Helped est. the NAACP

YMCA/YWCA

6. SOCIAL REFORM

Municipal town or city level of government

Changes at the city level

Four areas of concern for progressives:1. Attack the political machines2.Created new forms of government in cities and towns3.Cities take over utilities (water, sanitation, etc.)4. Provide welfare services

7. MUNICIPAL REFORM

Change at the state levelState reform gave voters more power in the governmentProgressive governors

Robert LaFollette (Wisconsin) Theodore Roosevelt (New York)

Direct Primary People vote for nominees for candidates

Secret Ballot Voting in secret

Direct election of Senators People vote for senators

Initiative, Referendum, and Recall Allowed citizens to have a say in the law making process

8. STATE REFORM

Laws were passed that:Regulated housing conditionsAbolished child laborCreated safer work placesLimited on hours of workGave compensation to those injured on the jobConserved natural resources

9. SOCIAL REFORM

Women were seen as inferiorWomen fought for suff rage

Suffrage: the right to voteNational American Woman Suff rage Association

Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton

19 th Amendment Gives women the right to vote

10. WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

Spoils System Gov’t jobs were given as rewards to people who contributed

to politicians Not based on ability or qualification

President McKinley’s assassination leads to the Pendleton Act Assassin turned to anarchism after losing his job

Pendleton Act Created the Civil Service Commission Gave exams and picked applicants based on ability

11. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM

President from 1901-1909Reversed the trend of a weak president and a strong

CongressBelieved the president represented all AmericasPresident should be a vigorous leaderTrust-Buster

Roosevelt was suspicious of big businesses and monopolies Wanted the economy to play fair

Created the “Square Deal” Laws protecting consumers and natural resources

12. PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT

(1909-1912)Endorsed by T. RooseveltContinued many of

Roosevelt’s policiesDisliked by many

Progressives because he was not a skilled politician Promised to lower tariffs but

could not make it happen. Withdrew some land Roosevelt

had protected.

13. PRESIDENT WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT

Angry with Taft’s policies, T.Roosevelt runs for president again Under a third-party, the Bull

Moose Party

Republican votes are split Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)

is elected president.

14. ELECTION OF 1912

1913-1921 “New Freedom”

1. Taming Big Business2. Encourage

competition3. Eliminating special

privileges

16th AmendmentGave Congress the power to tax personal income

The Federal Reserve ActReformed banking and established 12 federal banks

15. WOODROW WILSON

What is the purpose of the following documents?1. Declaration of

Independence2. Constitution3. Bill of Rights

Which rights are protected in the following Amendments? 5. 1st

6. 2nd

7. 5th 8. 13th

9. 14th

10. 15th

11. 19th

Describe why each

man was important:12. Benjamin Rush 13. John Hancock 14. John Jay15. John

Witherspoon Answer the

following:16. Who was Boss

Tweed? 17. Define the

Dawes Act 18. Why was

America considered a “Melting Pot”?

19. Who was Robert LaFollette?

1. Anti-Defamation League

2. Civil Service Commission

3. Square Deal4. William Taft5. New Freedom6. Clayton Anti-

Trust Act7. Federal Reserve

Act8. Realism9. Katie Chopin10.Thomas Eakins

FINISH: STUDY GUIDE, CH.7 VOCABULARY, & PROGRESSIVE POLITICS

WORKSHEET

Using the information in the chart on the left, answer the following questions.

1. What happened in 1920 the relates to the graph?

2. Write one observation you have from the chart.

BELL RINGERStates Allowing Women the

Vote Prior to the 1920

State Date Begun

WyomingColorado

UtahIdaho

ArizonaWashingtonCaliforniaKansasOregon

MontanaNevada

New YorkMichiganOklahoma

South Dakota

189018931986189619121910191119121912191419141917191819181918

Directions: Use your notes, handouts, and book to decide which reformers, muckrakers, and progressives YOU think are the most important and influential.

Follow the template on the board

Make a list of 5 nominees for the “Most Influential Reformer” award.

After you have 5 nominees, you must select one winner

Then, create a certificate award stating why this nominee won the award. On your certificate include:

Winner’s name 3 reasons why they won Today’s Date Your name

CONGRATULATIONS, YOU HAVE BEEN SELECTED TO CHOOSE THIS YEAR’S WINNERS

OF THE FIRST ANNUAL PROGRESSIVE AWARDS!