NATIONALISMThe Post-Napoleon World

Nationalism. What is it?

1. Nationalism: pride in one’s country, heritage, culture, language, history, customs

2. Nation: a group of people sharing same culture, language, history, customs Ex. Ukrainians, Scots, Native Americans

Nation-State: A group of people of the same nationality under one government Ex. Germany, Italy

4. Influences of Nationalism

discontent and enlightenment ideas

People wanted control of themselves Inspired by American and French

Revolutions

5. REVOLUTION

REVOLUTION: drastic or dramatic change

as much a matter of ideas as they are of weapons

REVOLUTIONS

B. Competing Forces

Conservatives Liberals Radicals

Composed of:

Wealthy property owners, nobility

Middle class business leaders and merchants

Poor

What did they want?

To protect the monarchies

Give more power to elected parliaments

Only let landowners and the educated vote

Extend democracy to the people – all the people

C. European Revolutions

1. The Balkans Controlled by

Ottoman Empire Vulnerable to

nationalism Greece gains

independence in 1830▪ Help from European

Powers-Why?

2. Revolution of 1830

Breakdown of Metternich’s conservative system

Liberal middle class revolting against power of aristocracy

Belgians gain independence from Dutch

Italian uprisings led by Young Italy put down by Metternich

Poles revolted against Russia and lost

2. Revolution of 1830

France Charles X tries for absolute monarchy Riots break out in Paris, Charles Great

Britain Replaced by Louis – Philippe

Louis had “the manners of a citizen and the plainness of dress and demeanor very suitable to an American president, but very unbecoming a descendant of Louis XIV”

Charles X Louis-Philippe

3. Revolutions of 1848

3. Revolutions of 1848

Ethnic uprisings in Austrian Empire Czechs, Hungarians Eventually forces Metternich to resign Conservatives regain control by 1849

3. Revolutions of 1848

France Louis-Philippe

loses popularity Mob violence

ends the monarchy, creates a republic

New government collapses because of infighting

Guess who’s back?

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (nephew of Napoleon) Declares

himself Napoleon III

Built railroads Encouraged

industry French economy

expands

3. Revolutions of 1848

Russia Czar Nicholas I wanted

to invade the Ottoman Empire, but couldn’t support his army

Czar Alexander II▪ 1861 – freed the serfs (1/2

land to serfs, ½ to nobles)▪ Had 50 years to pay off

debt▪ Assassinated in 1881

Czar Alexander III – push for industrialization