NATIONALISMThe Post-Napoleon World

Influences of Nationalism

Spurred on by discontent and enlightened ideas

Many peoples wanted control of themselves Inspired by American and French Revolutions

Latin American’s first to act against their imperial powers

Revolutions erupted within European countries b/w 1815-1848 Many were reaction against Metternich’s conservative

ideals

REVOLUTION

REVOLUTION: drastic or dramatic change

Revolutions are as much a matter of ideas as they are of weapons

REVOLUTIONS

Spanish South American Social System

-less than 1 % of population

-born in Spain-only who could hold

high office

-23% of population-Spaniards born in Latin America-could NOT hold office but could be Officers in army

-7% of population -mix of Euro/Indians

-8% of population-mix of Euro/African

-6% of population

-enslaved-$$$value

Peninsulares

Creoles

Mestizos

MulattosAfricans

Native Americans(Indians)•56% of population•Little $$ value•Treated the worst of all classes

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Nationalism. What is it?

Nationalism: the pride in one’s country, heritage, culture, language, history, customs

Nationalism vs. PatriotismNation: a group of people sharing

same culture, language, history, customs Ex. Ukrainians, Scots, Native Americans

Nation-State: a group a people collected under one governing power (can be a nation) Ex. United Kingdom, US, Germany, Spain

European Revolutions

The Balkans Controlled mostly by

crumbling Ottoman Empire

Very vulnerable to nationalism

Greece gains independence in 1830▪ Help from European

Powers-Why?▪ Preservation of ancient

history and culture which inspired modern Europe

REVOLUTION

Revolutions of 1830 Breakdown of

Metternich’s conservative system

Liberal middle class revolting against power or aristocracy

Belgians gain independence from Dutch

Italian uprisings led by Young Italy put down my Metternich

Revolutions of 1848 Ethnic uprisings in

Austrian Empire Prague, Czechs Budapest, Hungary Eventually forces Metternich to

resign Conservatives gain control

by 1849 Revolution in France

Accepts strong ruler after chaos of more radical rulers

Elect Louis-Napoleon as Emperor Napoleon III▪ France experienced

industrialization and prosperity

Nationalist Goals of Great Powers of Europe

France: reviving French glory Germany & Italy: united nation-

states Austria: preserve its diverse empire

REAL POLITIK: “politics of reality” “The end justifies the means.” –

Machiavelli Politics that uses any means necessary

to get the job done

Italian Unification

Italian city-states unify under the leadership of Cavour (brains) Garibaldi (sword)

Italy becomes Kingdom of Italy in 1871

Political and economic problems plague Italy into the 20th century

German Unification

Prussia’s push to collect all non-Austrian Germans

Led by Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia Master of real politik

Defeated Austria and France to win allegiance from all German Confederate States France swears revenge

Germany becomes a united nation in 1871

GREAT POWERS

5 GREAT POWERS OF EUROPEPRE-1870

Great Britain France Russia Austrian Empire Prussia

6 GREAT POWERS OF EUROPEPOST-1870

Great Britain France Russia Austria - HungaryGermany Italy