The potential contribution to HYMEX of the

Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS)

Isabelle TAUPIER-LETAGEitaupier@ifremer.fr

(and many other hidden contributors!)

THE MEDITERRANEAN CONTEXT

Surface circulation in the Eurafrican Mediterranean

from Millot and Taupier-Letage, 2005•Circuits le long de la pente sens anti-horaire

• Localement perturbés par des phénomènes de moyenne échelle

200 m

Isabelle TAUPIER-LETAGE

Jan. 1998

SST

Surface chlorophyll concentrationMonthly composites

From JRC Ispra/IES

VOS (Ships of Opportunity) platform

• Basin scale• Synopticity (~24h to cross the basin)• Regular lines (surveys)• High frequency• All year long • Even during rough/bad weather

VOS (Ships of Opportunity) platform

=> Easy transmission of data in (near) real time

=> Highly cost efficient time series⇒ From SOP -> EOP -> LOP

1. Sensors/instruments installed on the ship

• At the surface : ~3- 5m: oceanographic parameters :T, S

(thermosalinometer)

Ma

Al Tu

SPAIN

ALGERIA

FRANCE

TUNISIA

TUNISIA

ALGERIA

SPAIN

FRANCE

Ma

Al Tu

SST

CHL

TRANSMED Mediterranean pilot phase

• Routes:

�Marseilles-Algiers(1-2/week)

•Ship: Le Méditerranée (!)

�Marseilles-Tunis (~4/month)

Temperature anomalies during summer 2006

Mean T in JUL06: +5°C anomaly

Mean T in AUG06: >-2°C anomaly

Gulf of Lions

Heat content in upper 20m in the Gulf of Lions

from June to November

2003 2004 2005 2006

MRS

ALG4 5

38

40

42

4 5

38

40

42

4 5

38

40

42

4 5

38

40

42

4 5

38

40

42

A A A A A

SEPTEMBER 2006

episode of rain

M M M M M

Reservoir of heat around Balearic Islands: potential warning for flash-flood

Add XBTs ?

1. Sensors/instruments installed on the ship

• At the surface (~3m): oceanographic parameters :T, S (thermosalinometer)(Chl., nutrients, CO2…)

• In the air (on the upper deck, on a mast, up to ~20m high): atmospheric parameters (met. station, radiometers, radars (?) …)

(aérosols, irradiance…)

1. Sensors/instruments installed on the ship

• At the surface (~3m): oceanographic parameters :T, S (thermosalinometer)(Chl., nutrients, CO2…)

• In the air (on the upper deck, on a mast, up to ~20m high): atmospheric parameters (met. station, radiometers, radars (?) …)

(aérosols, irradiance…)

• NB: Need for development of sensors? (precipitation? Evaporation?...)

2. Instruments deployed from the ship

• XBTs : expendable temperature probes => temperature sections(cf MFS)

Vanessa CARDIN

2. Instruments deployed from the ship

• XBTs (temperature sections)• Lagrangian drifters (surface current)

SST+ Atm. Press. sensor?

Drifter deployment

EGYPT-0 Jan. 2006 (EGYPT-EGITTO)

2. Instruments deployed from the ship

• XBTs (temperature sections)• Lagrangian drifters (surface current)• Profilers (ARGO/ APEX floats)Record T , S during drift and profiles(Specific packing for deployments by VOS)

~350m5 days

750m/5 days~2000m /50 days

ARGO cycle specific for the Mediterranean

Recommendation to design a low-cost ARGO for « bathymetrically-difficult » areas?

2. Instruments deployed from the ship

• XBTs (temperature sections)• Lagrangian drifters (surface current)• Profilers (ARGO/ APEX floats)• Other instruments (meteo?)

(sub-)Conclusion

• Please indicate any requirement /wish / idea during the LOP , EOP and/or SOP PS sessions

(implementation plan: human power, technical developments, funding…)

The contribution of the CIESM programs to HYMEX

Hydro-Changes• Jean-Luc FUDA, • Gilles ROUGIER, • Patrick RAIMBAULT(COM, OSU, Marseille)

MedGloss

Dov ROSEN( )

(TRANSMED : I. TAUPIER-LETAGE )

www.ciesm.org

TRANSMED POTENTIAL NETWORK

Primary lines: TS+F+… Secondary lines: TS only DWF zone

CIESMDT Use some of the MFS XBT

lines

Elaborating a realistic monitoring strategy

to describe long-term hydrological changes

in the Mediterranean Sea

Typical mooringPumped SBE37 CTD

Accuracy: 0.002 °C & 0.0003 S/m

Stability/month: 0.0002°C & 0.0003 S/m

Resolution: 0.0001°C & 0.00001 S/m

Few results:

• Importance of the hydrological variability at ~3000m (~- 0.1°C during ~10 days)

• EMT signature and evolution in the Channel of Sicily and at Gibraltar

• Salinification of the AW entering at Gibraltar

• More to come…

MedGLOSSSea Level Network in the Mediterranean & Black Sea

Dov S. ROSENDov S. ROSEN

National Institute of Oceanography

Israel Oceanographic & Limnological ResearchIsrael Oceanographic & Limnological Research

Tel Shikmona, Haifa, Israel, email: rosen@ocean.org.ilTel Shikmona, Haifa, Israel, email: rosen@ocean.org.il

http://medgloss.ocean.org.il/

Established in 1997Established in 1997 jointly by CIESM & IOC/UNESCO.jointly by CIESM & IOC/UNESCO.

Since May 2000, focal center established at IOLR in Haifa. Since May 2000, focal center established at IOLR in Haifa.

Major ObjectivesMajor Objectives of MedGLOSS are:of MedGLOSS are:

•• To detect regional longTo detect regional long--term relative and absolute seaterm relative and absolute sea--level level

changes trends and acceleration rates, changes trends and acceleration rates,

•• To determine plate tectonic movements in the domain affecting To determine plate tectonic movements in the domain affecting them by the creation of a densified regional longthem by the creation of a densified regional long--term seaterm sea--level level monitoring network in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.monitoring network in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

•• To provide NRT sea level data for operational oceanography.To provide NRT sea level data for operational oceanography.

•• Upgrade to delivery of true realUpgrade to delivery of true real--time sea level data for time sea level data for

tsunami and other sea level hazards early detection and alert tsunami and other sea level hazards early detection and alert

in the Mediterranean and Black sea (new, Jan. 2005). in the Mediterranean and Black sea (new, Jan. 2005).

On MedGLOSSOn MedGLOSS

All MedGLOSS stations have to measure and provide data All MedGLOSS stations have to measure and provide data

according to the international standards defined for GLOSS according to the international standards defined for GLOSS

stations. RT data stations will measure and provide data stations. RT data stations will measure and provide data

according to new standards.according to new standards.

Minimum old data requirements were hourly averaged seaMinimum old data requirements were hourly averaged sea--

level and atmospheric pressure values. level and atmospheric pressure values.

All NRT stations should have their reference bench marks All NRT stations should have their reference bench marks

monitored by GPS, preferably by Continuous GPS stations. monitored by GPS, preferably by Continuous GPS stations.

NRT stations are usually with low latency sea level data NRT stations are usually with low latency sea level data

gathering capacity and are capable to shift to true Realgathering capacity and are capable to shift to true Real--Time Time

(RT) mode using new software and transmission equipment.(RT) mode using new software and transmission equipment.

MedGLOSS web site has NRT data, statistical tools and MedGLOSS web site has NRT data, statistical tools and

download capabilities (download capabilities (http://medgloss.ocean.org.il/http://medgloss.ocean.org.il/))

•• Following approval of CIESM and IOC, MedGLOSS has Following approval of CIESM and IOC, MedGLOSS has

been cooperating with the European Sea Level Service been cooperating with the European Sea Level Service

(ESEAS) in sea(ESEAS) in sea--level level related research and operational related research and operational

activities since 2001, aactivities since 2001, and agrees to continue this also in future.nd agrees to continue this also in future.

••MedGLOSS coordinator serves as exMedGLOSS coordinator serves as ex--officio member of the officio member of the

ESEAS Governing BoardESEAS Governing Board..

•• Software tools for sea level data gathering, transmission, Software tools for sea level data gathering, transmission,

preliminary QA and dissemination via the Internet were preliminary QA and dissemination via the Internet were

developed and are free available to MedGLOSS and the seadeveloped and are free available to MedGLOSS and the sea--

level community from MedGLOSS web site. level community from MedGLOSS web site.

•• A NRT data QC and true RT capaciA NRT data QC and true RT capacityty and dissemination via and dissemination via

Internet was developed by MedGLOSS focal centerInternet was developed by MedGLOSS focal center

••MMedGLOSS focal center developed various data gathering, edGLOSS focal center developed various data gathering,

quality control and data transmission software provided free quality control and data transmission software provided free

to the sea level community as well as a software interface to the sea level community as well as a software interface

((TIDE TASKS for WINDOWS) TIDE TASKS for WINDOWS) for easy Windows based tide for easy Windows based tide

analysis and forecasting using the DOS based TASK 2000 tide analysis and forecasting using the DOS based TASK 2000 tide

analysis software developed at POL/NERC in UK.analysis software developed at POL/NERC in UK.

•• NNorth African countries bordering the Mediterranean have orth African countries bordering the Mediterranean have

been invited to participate in MedGLOSSbeen invited to participate in MedGLOSS. .

•• African sea level trainees of ODINAfrican sea level trainees of ODIN--AFRICA were provided AFRICA were provided

with the joint software package for tidal analysis and with the joint software package for tidal analysis and

forecasting and were given training in the operation of the forecasting and were given training in the operation of the

software at the IODE training center in Ostende, Belgiumsoftware at the IODE training center in Ostende, Belgium. .

••MedGLOSS has been invited by the IOC established MedGLOSS has been invited by the IOC established

Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami

Early Warning and Mitigation System in the NorthEarly Warning and Mitigation System in the North--eastern eastern

Atlantic, the Mediterranean & Connected Seas Atlantic, the Mediterranean & Connected Seas

(ICG/NEAMTWS) to cooperate, by upgrading its sea level (ICG/NEAMTWS) to cooperate, by upgrading its sea level

monitoring stations capable of low latency sea level monitoring stations capable of low latency sea level

measurement to measure and send real time data for early measurement to measure and send real time data for early

detection and warning of tsunami and other sea level related detection and warning of tsunami and other sea level related

hazards. hazards.

••MedGLOSS sea level stations capable of providing RT sea MedGLOSS sea level stations capable of providing RT sea

level data (15level data (15””--11’’ data every 1data every 1’’) have been included in the new ) have been included in the new

TWS of the ICG/NEAMTWS. However, in spite of their TWS of the ICG/NEAMTWS. However, in spite of their

sensorssensors’’ capabilities, RT data transmission is yet not feasible capabilities, RT data transmission is yet not feasible

due to lack of DOS support for FTP transmission and due to due to lack of DOS support for FTP transmission and due to

lack of funds to cover transmission costs.lack of funds to cover transmission costs.

Other activities of MedGLOSS include:Other activities of MedGLOSS include:

•• Improvement of the web site server security, data backup and Improvement of the web site server security, data backup and

capacity of the web site( capacity of the web site( http://medgloss.ocean.org.il/http://medgloss.ocean.org.il/))

•• Provision of technical and software information and/or Provision of technical and software information and/or

assistance to MedGLOSS NRT sea level stations in Split, assistance to MedGLOSS NRT sea level stations in Split,

Malta, Cyprus, Constantza and Kacively and also to potential Malta, Cyprus, Constantza and Kacively and also to potential

candidates for upgrading sea level stations in Tunisia, Egypt, candidates for upgrading sea level stations in Tunisia, Egypt,

Turkey, Greece (e.g. Univ. of Istanbul, Univ. of Crete, NIOF, Turkey, Greece (e.g. Univ. of Istanbul, Univ. of Crete, NIOF,

Nat. Observatory of Athens, etc.).Nat. Observatory of Athens, etc.).

••MedGLOSS focal center present activities are also devoted to MedGLOSS focal center present activities are also devoted to

developing WINDOWS based realdeveloping WINDOWS based real--time clock control data time clock control data

acquisition software for realacquisition software for real--time data transmission by time data transmission by

ftp/Internet via cellular modems as well as software for quick ftp/Internet via cellular modems as well as software for quick

detection of various sea level based hazards, with the aid of detection of various sea level based hazards, with the aid of

CIESM and national funding support. CIESM and national funding support.

•• New sea level stations have been installed on the North New sea level stations have been installed on the North

African coast in Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, but so African coast in Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, but so

far most of them do not transmit their data abroad at all, far most of them do not transmit their data abroad at all,

although there are verbal promisses for the near future. although there are verbal promisses for the near future.

Additional stations have been/will be installed on the other Additional stations have been/will be installed on the other

coasts of the Mediterranean (Israel, Turkey, Malta, Romania, coasts of the Mediterranean (Israel, Turkey, Malta, Romania,

Georgia).Georgia).

Southern countries

Conclusion

VOS : • easy and cost-efficient way to acquire data

/time series• A good way to include southern countries• Potentially adressthe decadal scale (and

longer)