What does the data show us?

Who are our users?

• 64% of American Adults own a smartphone

• 90% of American adults own a cell phone• 32% of American adults own an e-reader• 42% of American adults own a tablet computer

Access of Information

(http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/us-smartphone-use-in-2015/)

(http://www.pewinternet.org/data-trend/mobile/device-ownership/)

% of Smartphone Users who Used the Following Features

(http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/us-smartphone-use-in-2015/)

How Americans Use Their Cell Phones

http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/mobile-technology-fact-sheet/

Comparison of Virtual Reference Services

Query Type is Changing

Subject Search Ready Reference Procedural No Question Holdings Other0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

2004-20062010

(Radford & Connaway, 2013)

Journals• Advanced Technology Libraries (AT/L)• College & Undergraduate Libraries• Computers in Libraries• Internet Reference Services Quarterly• Journal of Academic Librarianship (JAL)• Library Journal• Reference & User Services Quarterly• The Reference Librarian• Reference Services Review (RSR)

Pew Reports• Libraries and Learning. (April 2016). • Lifelong Learning and Technology. (March 2016). • Libraries at the Crossroads. (September 2015).

www.pewresearch.org

American Library Association• ALA Office for Research and Statistics http://www.ala.org/research/• State of America’s Libraries (April 2015) • Transforming Libraries http://www.ala.org/transforminglibraries/

Library Quotes from Research• “Most Americans believe libraries do a decent job of serving the education and learning needs

of their communities and their own families.”• Lee Rainie, “Libraries and Learning.” Pew Research Center, April 2016, Available at:

http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/04/07/libraries-and-learning/

• “65% [of Americans 16 and older] maintain that libraries contribute to helping people decide what information they can trust.”

• Horrigan, John. “Libraries at the Crossroads: Pew Research Center, September 2015, Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/09/15/2015/Libraries-at-crossroads/

• “69% of [university] students would rather have face to face reference conversations with librarians”

• Mu, X., Dimitroff, A., Jordan, J., & Burclaff, N. (2011). A survey and empirical study of virtual reference service in academic libraries. The journal of academic librarianship, 37(2), 120-129.

• “Nearly two-thirds of college students use library resources in their research.”• Library Research Service, “In EBSCO survey, nearly two-thirds of college students use library resources in their research.” Weekly

Number Series, February 2016, Available at: https://www.lrs.org/2016/02/24/in-ebsco-survey-nearly-two-thirds-of-college-students-use-library-resources-in-their-research/

Bibliography• “Libraries and Learning.” Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (April 7, 2016). <http

://www.pewinternet.org/2016/04/07/libraries-and-learning/>• “Lifelong Learning and Technology.” Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (March 22, 2016). <http

://www.pewinternet.org/2016/03/22/lifelong-learning-and-technology/>• “Libraries at the Crossroads.” Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (September 15, 2016). http

://www.pewinternet.org/2015/09/15/libraries-at-crossroads/• “State of America’s Libraries.” American Library Association, Chicago, IL. (April 2015). <http://

www.ala.org/news/state-americas-libraries-report-2015>• “In EBSCO survey, nearly two-thirds of college students use library resources in their research.” Library Research Service,

Denver, CO (February 24, 2016). <http://www.lrs.org/2016/02/24/in-ebsco-survey-nearly-two-thirds-of-college-students-use-library-resources-in-their-research/>

• Radford, M. L., & Connaway, L. S. (2013). Not dead yet! A longitudinal study of query type and ready reference accuracy in live chat and IM reference. Library & Information Science Research, 35(1), 2-13.

• “The Smartphone Difference” Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (March 1, 2015). http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/01/us-smartphone-use-in-2015/

• Mu, X., Dimitroff, A., Jordan, J., & Burclaff, N. (2011). A survey and empirical study of virtual reference service in academic libraries. The journal of academic librarianship, 37(2), 120-129.