the potential of organic farming for biodiversity · biodiversity of birdssity of birds chamberlain...
TRANSCRIPT
3rd & 4th March 2002,Zamek Ujazdowski, Warsaw / Poland
3rd & 4th March 2002,Zamek Ujazdowski, Warsaw / Poland
The Potential of Organic Farming for BiodiversityThe Potential of Organic Farming for Biodiversity
Prof. Dr. H. Vogtmann, President of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany
Prof. Dr. H. Vogtmann, President of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany
Organic Farming & BiodiversityOrganic Farming & Biodiversity
The three Pillars of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD, Rio 1992)The three Pillars of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD, Rio 1992)
� Conservation of Biological Diversity
� Sustainable use of it’s components
� Fair and equitable sharingof the benefits
� Contributes to preservation of biodiversity
� Protects ground water from nitrate and pesticide pollution
� Produces healthy food
� Ensures jobs in agriculture, food processing and marketing
� Strives for a largely closed farm cycle
� Preserves soil fertility
� Preserves air, soil and energy resources
� Provides for adequate animal housing
(Vogtmann & Zerger 1999)
24
42
35
10
52 1 0 00
24
1317 17
21
15
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >=10
Perc
enta
ge o
f far
ms
Yearsbefore conversionafter conversion
Biodiversity in Grain CropsBiodiversity in Grain CropsBiodiversity in Grain Crops
(Frieben 1997)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
v. Elsen 1990
Schmid & Steiner 1986
Wolff-Straub 1989
Callauch 1981
Frieben & Köpke 1995
Anger & Kühbach 1993
Meisel 1979
Braunewell u.a. 1985
Pfadenhauer u.a. 1986
Frieben 1990
Elsen 1990
Plakolm 1989
Frieben & Köpke 1995
Ammer u.a. 1988
Ries 1988
Meisel 1978 Sand
Meisel 1978 Loam
%
Biodiversity in Grass LandBiodiversity in Grass LandBiodiversity in Grass Land
(Frieben 1997)
2,42,91 2,7
3,1
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
conventional(dry-fresh)
biological (dry-fresh)
conventional(humid)
biological(humid)
Shan
non-
Wie
ner-
Inde
x
Number of plant species in grassland in relation to management intensity
(after Elsässer 1995 and Briemle 1988)
Number of plant species in grassland in relation to management intensity
(after Elsässer 1995 and Briemle 1988)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 50
1
2
3
4
5
6
Number of species/100 sq.m.
Yield (dt OM/ha)Number of uses
Numberof uses
Species /100 m 2
Yield(dt OM/ha)
� Structure of Landscape
� Pasture management
� Cutting / Grazing
� Stocking Rate
� Fertilization
Guidance for low intensive grassland management
Guidance for low Guidance for low intensive intensive grassland managementgrassland management
Grassland
(Kullmann & Gräbener 2000)
� Housing
� Feeding
� Veterinary Management
� Breeding
� Transport / Slaughtering
Guidance for low intensive grassland management
Guidance for low Guidance for low intensive intensive grassland managementgrassland management
Ruminants
(Kullmann & Gräbener 2000)
� High digestibility
� Good consumption by ruminants
� Rich in minerals
� With low fertilization higher yields thangrass
� Beauty of the landscape
Advantages of herbs in grassland
Advantages of Advantages of herbs herbs in in grasslandgrassland
� Nutrition base for insects
(Elsässer 1995)
Biodiversity of BirdsBiodiversity Biodiversity of of BirdsBirds
Chamberlain et al. (1996) In:Vogtmann & Ries (1998)
162conventional farming >organic Farming
171316organic farming >conventional farming
181918total
199419931992year
Number of bird species nesting on organic and conventional
managed arable land
Biodiversity of BirdsBiodiversity Biodiversity of of BirdsBirds
Chamberlain et al. (1996) In:Vogtmann & Ries (1998)
6222conventional farming >organic Farming
12161616organic farming >conventional farming
18181818totallateearlylateearly
winter1993/94
winter1992/93year
Number of bird species on organicand conventional managedarable land during winter
14thCent.
16thCent.
18thCent.
19thCent.
20thCent.
21th
Agriculture and BiodiversityAgriculture Agriculture and and BiodiversityBiodiversity
New Agricultural Policy
Development of the number of species
Century
Agriculture and LandscapeAgriculture and LandscapeAgriculture and Landscape
(Photo: Riggemann 1999; koebler\3ages)
90 person hours/ha, 4501) €/ha support payment � 5 €/ph
10 person hours/ha, 300 €/ha supportpayment � 30 €/ph
Large scale agricultural landscapeMinor structured/less structured
Which landscape should we afford ?Which landscape should we affordWhich landscape should we afford ??
Small scale/structured agricultural landscape
0 person hours/ha, 0 €/ha support payment � 0 €/ph
Woodland (succession)
30 person hours/ha, 300 €/ha support payment � 10 €/ph
Low input pasture landscape
Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)
Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)
Energy use 100
Global warming 100
Acicification 100
Groundwater 100
Surface water 100
Biodiversity 100
Landscape image 100
Animal husbandary 100
Intensive
Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)
Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)
Energy use 100
Global warming 100
Acicification 100
Groundwater 100
Surface water 100
Biodiversity 100
Landscape image 100
Animal husbandary 100
ExtensiveIntensive
Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)
Selected impact categories for LCA of different grassland management systems (intensive, extensive, organic) Haas et al. 2001)
Energy use 100
Global warming 100
Acicification 100
Groundwater 100
Surface water 100
Biodiversity 100
Landscape image 100
Animal husbandary 100
OrganicExtensiveIntensive
... ... besides a lot of other besides a lot of other uses ofuses of
nature and landscapenature and landscape
equal spatial rights !equal spatial rights !
Nature conservation and landscape conservation are becoming serious income sources for farmers –results of a survey (502 representative farms):
already activein %
163holidays on the farm, offering leisure time activities
4915landscape conservation, agri-environmental programs
29
1519
5
„new“ agricultural activities interestedin %
46production under quality labels
21direct marketing to consumers and local groceries
21on-farm marketing23certified organic farming
source: Knickel, Agrar-Europe 13.8.2001
Use the chances of common interestsUse the chances of common interests
Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society
Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society
Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society
Nature Conservation as Agreement of Society
� Strengthen acceptance for nature conservation by society
� Increase sensitivity for ecological relations
� Adopt a New Policy for Agricultureand Forestry
� Declare sustainability the main principle of policy
� Develop holistic concepts
� Improve life quality
What has to be changed?What has to be changed?
Up from March 4th on
service / links / presentations
Organic farming & biodiversityOrganic farming & biodiversity