the power of water - four propositions and a resolution
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Jeremy Bird, IWMI Stockholm Water Prize Seminar 2014TRANSCRIPT
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Jeremy Bird, IWMIStockholm Water Prize Seminar 2014
Four propositions and a resolution
The Power of Water
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Proposition 1: There is water, we are just not managing it well
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Agricultural production levels increased…
…as allocation to agriculture reduced and transferred to urban use
Adapting to competing demands – examples of water productivity increases and transfers across sectors exist
Molden et al
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Tanzania – from bucket to pump – facilitating entry into the irrigation market
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Large scale drip systems are becoming a reality, e.g. Gujarat
Photos, Hamish John Appleby
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Proposition 2: Policy coherence is elusive but possible – solutions for groundwater over-abstraction and under-utilization
Source: Tushaar Shah, IWMI
Jyotigram Yojana – solution to a dilemma of perverse subsidies
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West Bengal – easing regulatory and cost barriers
• Access to groundwater - a major obstacle
• Reforms reduced red-tape - licensing and connection charges
• Could benefit more than 4.5 million smallholders
Source: Aditi Mukherji, IWMI
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Looking forward – solar pumps reduce operating costs
Courtesy Jain Irrigation
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Proposition 3: Hydropower development and irrigation can be compatible
…. and, in some cases, can lead to tension
Source: MRC
At basin level, hydropower storage can increase irrigation potential – the Mekong case
Huffington Post
Dry season water levels, Chiang Saen, Mekong, Nov ‘13-May ’14 Source: MRC
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At project level, the peaking flows from hydropower projects require re-regulation. Is managed groundwater recharge a possibility?
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..or on-farm ponds to provide a storage buffer?
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Proposition 4: Dams – the controversy continues, but affected people can also benefit…although not under prevailing development models
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Photo, Tom Schauble
Adopt a benefit sharing approach? e.g. Andes experience
Institutional innovations for upstream-downstream benefit sharing: Benefit sharing mechanism (BSM) for Caneta Basin New Law on Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES) in Peru Supporting implementation of BSM in more than 30 new areas
throughout the Andes
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Rethinking the use of reservoir drawdown area for livelihoods, Yali Dam, Vietnam Existing crops are at risk of flooding at the end of the season New shorter-duration varieties of cassava suited to reservoir operations Positive results • 32 t/ha (up by 51%); 26% starch (up by 24%); benefit $350-$850/ha
Senaratna Sellamuttu S, IWMI
Photo: Oliver Joffre
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Constructed reservoir wetlands – balancing the built -natural environment
Wet season: Reservoir full
Dry season: Reservoir drawn down
Source: Meynell, P-J
Without wetlands With created wetlands
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Resolution: Look for what ‘can’ be done, ……..not what ‘must’ be done
Identify political entry points:A common thread of many successful examples has been the people who looked beyond sectors for solutions and found ways within sectors to implement them.
Photos, Hamish John Appleby
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For more information: www.iwmi.orgCGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems
http://wle.cgiar.org/