the presence of the prophet in early modern and

The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam

Volume 1

Denis Gril, Stefan Reichmuth, and Dilek Sarmis - 9789004466739Downloaded from Brill.com04/04/2022 08:09:30PM

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Handbook of Oriental Studies

Handbuch der Orientalistik

section one

The Near and Middle East

Edited by

Maribel Fierro (Madrid)M. Şükrü Hanioğlu (Princeton)

Renata Holod (University of Pennsylvania)Florian Schwarz (Vienna)

volume 159/1

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The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam

Volume 1. The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding

Edited by

Denis Gril Stefan Reichmuth

Dilek Sarmis

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Cover illustration: Hilye-i serif, describing physical characteristics and personality of the Prophet; ca. 1795. Calligrapher: ʿAbdu l-Kādir Şükri Efendi (d. 1806), Istanbul. Sakıp Sabancı Museum, Istanbul, SSM 140-0400-AS. © Sakıp Sabancı Museum.

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Contents

Acknowledgements ixList of Figures and Tables xiNotes on Contributors xv

The Presence of the Prophet: General Introduction 1Rachida Chih, David Jordan and Stefan Reichmuth

The Prophet between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Introduction to Volume I 14

Denis Gril, Stefan Reichmuth and Dilek Sarmis

part 1Images of the Prophet in Qurʾān, Ḥadīth, and Sīra/Maghāzī, and their Cultural Embedding

1 The Prophet in the QurʾānAn Attempt at a Synthesis 37

Denis Gril

2 Dating the Emergence of the Warrior-Prophet in Maghāzī LiteratureSecond/Eighth to the Fourth/Tenth Century 79

Adrien de Jarmy

3 Ḥadīth Culture and Ibn Taymiyya’s Controversial Legacy in Early Fifteenth Century DamascusIbn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimashqī and His al-Radd Al-Wāfir (d. 842/1438) 100

Caterina Bori

4 “There Is Matter for Thought”The Episode of the Night Journey and the Heavenly Ascension in the Sīra ḥalabiyya, at the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century 115

Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen


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vi Contents

part 2Towards a Theology of Devotion to the Prophet in Sunnī Islam

5 Theology of Veneration of the Prophet MuḥammadKnowledge and love in the Shifā of al-Qāḍīʾ ʿIyāḍ (d. 544/1149) between ḥadīth, philosophy and spirituality 153

Ruggero Vimercati Sanseverino

6 “Special Features of the Prophet” (Khaṣāʾiṣ nabawiyya)From Jurisprudence to Devotion 197

Michele Petrone

7 Modèle prophétique et modèle de sainteté dans le soufisme ancienQuelques exemples 229

Pierre Lory

8 L’éducation par « la lumière de la foi du Prophète » selon le shaykh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Dabbāgh (m. 1332/1719)D’après le Kitāb al-Ibrīz de Aḥmad b. al-Mubārak (m. 1156/1743) 244

Jean-Jacques Thibon

part 3The Prophet in Shīʿī Doctrine and in Islamic Philosophy

9 The Prophet Muḥammad in Imāmī ShīʿismBetween History and Metaphysics 273

Mathieu Terrier

10 The Prophet Muḥammad and His Heir ʿAlīTheir Historical, Metahistorical and Cosmological Roles in Ismāʿīlī Shīʿism 299

Daniel De Smet

11 La dimension éthique et politique de la révélation prophétique chez les falāsifa 327

Meryem Sebti


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part 4The Splendour of Words: Exaltation of the Prophet in Islamic Literatures

12 “I Have Mandated It to Fly to You on the Wings of My Ardent Desire”Letter to the Prophet Written by Lisān al-Dīn ibn al-Khaṭīb (d. 776/1375) on Behalf of the Naṣrid Ruler of Granada 351

Nelly Amri

13 Les poèmes d’éloge du Prophète de Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Khāṭīb (713-776/1313-1374 ou 75) 378

Brigitte Foulon

14 Présence du Prophète dans l’art du panégyrique (madīḥ) et de l’audition spirituelle (samāʿ)Approche thématique 411

Mohamed Thami El Harrak

15 Timurid Accounts of Ascension (miʿrāj) in TürkīOne Prophet, Two Models 431

Marc Toutant

16 MiʿrāciyyeThe Ascension of the Prophet in Ottoman Literature from the Fifteenth to the Twentieth Century 460

Alexandre Papas

part 5The Prophet in the Mirror of the Verbal, Scriptural and Pictorial Imagery: Aesthetics and Devotion

17 The Reality and Image of the Prophet according to the Theologian and Poet ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī 501

Samuela Pagani

18 The Prophet as a Sacred Spring: Late Ottoman Hilye Bottles 535Christiane Gruber


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viii Contents

19 Visualising the Prophet – Rhetorical and Graphic Aspects of Three Ottoman-Turkish PoemsSüleymān Çelebi’s Vesīlet en-Necāt, Yazıcıoğlı’s Risāle-i Muḥammedīye, and Ḫāḳānī’s Ḥilye 583

Tobias Heinzelmann

20 The World of al-Qandūsī (d. 1278/1861)Prophetology and Calligraphy in Morocco During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century 620

Francesco Chiabotti and Hiba Abid

Index of Names of Persons and Places, Titles, and Subject Notions 679


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Acknowledgements

The volumes of this series grew out of the research, conferences, and work-shops conducted during the ANR-DFG project “The Presence of the Prophet: Muhammad in the Mirror of His Community in Early Modern and Modern Islam” (2017–2021). This French-German project was directed by the princi-pal investigators Rachida Chih (CNRS-CETOBAC Paris) and Stefan Reichmuth (Ruhr University Bochum), and a French and German core team of research-ers including Nelly Amri (University of La Manouba, Tunis), Denis Gril (Aix-Marseille Université – IREMAM), Francesco Chiabotti (INALCO Paris), with the coordinators Dilek Sarmis (then CNRS-CETOBAC Paris, now Université de Strasbourg) and David Jordan (Ruhr University Bochum). The Website of the project (https:/prophet.hypotheses.org) was designed and organized by Francesco Chiabotti and Dilek Sarmis. The Archives de sciences sociales des reli-gions and the French-German journal Trivium (both in Paris) offered impor-tant platforms for our publications.

Our project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), whose representatives Bernard Ludwig, Julie Sissia (both Paris), Achim Haag and Michael Sommerhof (both Bonn) also provided invaluable advice and care and hosted a meeting of all the current French-German projects in Paris in 2019. Several universities and insti-tutes provided the venues for workshops and conferences in France, Germany, and Morocco. We are more than grateful to the Ruhr University Bochum with its Department of Oriental and Islamic Studies and its Center for Religious Studies (CERES), to the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Paris with its Centre d’Études Turques, Ottomans, Balkaniques, et Centrasiatiques (CETOBAC), the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), the Sorbonne Université Paris, and the Aix-Marseille Université – IREMAM. Conference panels and meetings were also organized at the Congress of the Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique (GIS) in Paris (2017, 2019), the Deutscher Orientalistentag (DOT) in Jena (2017), the Congress of the Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft Vorderer Orient (DAVO) in Hamburg (2019) as well as the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme in Paris (2019).

We express our profound gratitude to the Moroccan Ministère des Habous et des Affaires Islamiques, to the Minister, His Excellency Prof. Ahmed Toufiq and to the director of the Ministry’s Centre Administratif et Culturel MOHAMED VI des Habous in Marrakech, Jaafar Kansoussi, for their cooperation and support during the International Conference of the project in Marrakech (2018), and to the Moroccan Royal Library (Rabat), the National Library (Rabat) and the


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x Acknowledgements

Madrasa Ben Youssef Library (Marrakech) who liberally shared their picture material for an exhibition of manuscripts during that conference.

Our great thanks also goes to Brill Academic Publishers, with the acquisi-tion editor Abdurraouf Oueslati, the production editor Theo Joppe, the copy editors Sarah Campbell and Muhammad Ridwaan, and the indexer Pierke Bosschieter for their excellent cooperation along the different stages of the publication process. We are also very grateful to Caroline Kraabel (London) for her English translations of several French contributions.


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Figures and Tables

Figures

15.1 The fate reserved for wine-drinkers according to the BNF manuscript, Supplément turc 190, fol. 65 v 437

15.2 Page from the manuscript of Nawāʾī’s Khamsa, describing the beginning of the Ḥayrat al-abrār miʿrāj. University of Michigan – Special Collection Library, Isl. Ms. 450, p. 16 441

18.1 Inscribed glass bottle containing a miniature Qurʾān placed on a stand and surrounded by decorative beads, Ottoman lands, late 19th century. Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Istanbul, G.Y. 913 536

18.2 Glass bottle with a hilye showing a depiction of Mecca, Ottoman lands, late 19th century. Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Istanbul, G.Y. 1413 538

18.3 Glass bottle with a hilye showing a depiction of Medina, Ottoman lands, late 19th century. Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Istanbul, G.Y. 1413 540

18.4 Metal plaque containing a hilye of the Prophet and other amuletic inscriptions and designs, Ottoman lands, late nineteenth or twentieth century. Halûk Perk Collection, Istanbul, unnumbered. Left: the original printing plaque, with writing in reverse; and right: the plaque digitally flipped to render the script legible 541

18.5 Lines of Persian poetry in the hilye bottle illustrated in figures 18.2 and 18.3 542

18.6 Lines of Persian poetry in the hilye bottle illustrated in figures 18.2 and 18.3 543

18.7 First side of icon, hilye bottle with a stopper covered in red silk and a rope and chain wrapped around its neck, Ottoman lands, late 19th century. Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Istanbul, G.Y. 954 544

18.8 Second side of icon illustrated in figure 18.7 54518.9 Detail of the backsides of the hilye panels included in the bottle illustrated

in figures 18.7 and 18.8 54718.10 Hilye bottle with a metal wire attached to the verbal icon, Ottoman lands,

late 19th century. Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Istanbul, G.Y. 429 54818.11 Inscription on the first side of the hilye bottle illustrated in figure 10 55018.12 Inscription on the second side of the hilye bottle illustrated in figure 10 55118.13 The Prophet Muḥammad’s hilye with directions of use attributed to

al-Tirmidhī, included in a prayer book, Ottoman lands, 18th or 19th century. Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Istanbul, E.H. 996, folios 10v–11r 553

18.14 A double-page depiction of Mecca and Medina, the latter showing smudges over the Prophet Muḥammad’s tomb, al-Jazūlī, Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt, Ottoman


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xii Figures and Tables

lands, late 18th century. Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, MS. 419.2007, folios–18r 555

18.15 A heavily smudged double-page painting of Mecca and Medina, al-Jazūlī, Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt, Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul, Hacı Mahmud Efendi 3986, folios 12v–13r 556

18.16 Conical straw bundle containing the soil from Medina, before 1958, Oosters Instituut (The Oriental Institute), Leiden, The Netherlands, RMV B106–49 560

18.17 Glass bottle containing Zamzam water, before 1958, Oosters Instituut (The Oriental Institute), Leiden, The Netherlands, RMV B106–88 562

18.18 Plastic bottles filled with Zamzam water, offered for sale in a store of devotional goods near the Eyüp shrine, Istanbul. Photograph by author, summer 2016 563

18.19 Terracotta cup inscribed with Sūrat Yā-Sīn, Ottoman lands, 19th century. Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi Collection, Istanbul, cat. no. 120 565

18.20 “Spring of the Miraculous Fishes at Baloukli,” included in Robert Walsh, Constantinople and the Scenery of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor Illustrated in a Series of Drawings from Nature by Thomas Allom (London and Paris: Fisher, 1838), pages 50–51 568

18.21 The sacred spring and icon of the Virgin Mary and Christ Child in the “Fountain of Life” (Zoodochos Pege) crypt church in Balıklı, Istanbul. Photograph by author, summer 2018 570

18.22 Plastic water bottle impressed with the name of the Zoodochos Pege sacred spring and an image depicting the Virgin Mary and Christ Child. Bottle acquired at the holy spring by the author in summer 2018 572

18.23 “Vue de Indjiuli-Kiosk,” image included in Choiseul-Gouffier, Voyage pittoresque dans l’Empire ottoman, en Grèce, dans la Troade, les îles de l’Archipel et sur les côtes de l’Asie-mineure (Paris: J.-P. Aillaud, 1842), volume 2, plate 72 573

18.24 Icon bottle showing the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with Saint Eleutherios, Monastery of the Virgin Evangelistria, Tenos, Greece, 19th or 20th century. Bottle acquired in Istanbul by the author in summer 2017 575

18.25 Icon bottle depicting the Passion of Christ, made in Hungary, nineteenth or twentieth century. Bachkovo Monastery Museum, Bulgaria. Photograph by author, summer 2018 576

19.1 Recent Facsimile Edition of Süleyman Çelebi, Mevlid-i Serif. Vesiletü’n-Necat, Diyanet İsleri Baskanlığı, Ankara 2008 589

19.2 Yazıcıoghlı, Risāle-i Muḥmmediyye, author’s copy, Ankara, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü, 221livaA, banner of the Prophet on the right margin 594

19.3 Bursalı İsmāʿīl Ḥaḳḳı’s copy of Yazıcıoghlı, Risāle-i Muḥmmediyye, İnebey Kütüphanesi, Bursa, Genel 58 (1121/1709), 133a; copy of the banner of the Prophet on the left margin with reference to the original 595


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xiiiFigures and Tables

19.4 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye, Banner of the Prophet, Ankara, Milli Kütüphane, Ankara, B 960 (1057/1648), 152b 595

19.5 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye, Fan-shaped arrangement of verses, Istanbul, TSMK HS 93, 241b–242a 596

19.6 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye, oval, eye-shaped calligraphic arrangement of verses, with a dot in the middle of each oval visualizing the Prophet’s vision of God, Istanbul, TSMK HS 93 (908/1502), 238b–239a 597

19.7 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye, Birth of the Prophet, Ms Cairo, Dār al-Kutub al-Maṣriyya (DKM), Maʿārif ʿĀmma Turkī Ṭalʿat 22, 48a 599

19.8 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye, Prostration of the new-born Prophet at the Kaʿba, Ms Cairo, Dār al-Kutub al-Maṣriyya (DKM), Maʿārif ʿĀmma Turkī Ṭalʿat 22, 48b 600

19.9 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye – The Prophet’s encounter with God during the miʿrāj, DKM Maʿārif ʿĀmma Turkī Ṭalʿat 22, 66b 601

19.10 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye – The Prophet’s and Abū Bakr’s refuge in the cave during the hijra, DKM Maʿārif ʿĀmma Turkī Ṭalʿat 22, 82a 602

19.11 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye – The Prophet’s and Abū Bakr’s refuge in the cave during the hijra, from a print copy, Istanbul 1294/1877, 125 603

19.12 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye – The Prophet’s and Abū Bakr’s taking refuge in the cave at mount Thawr during the hijra, hidden behind a spider’s web; printed version, Istanbul 1300/1882–3 604

19.13 Risāle-i Muḥammediyye – hilye text, printed Cairo (ref.? date?), 64 60619.14 Ḥilye-i Khāḳānī, selected verses as a panel (muraḳḳaʿ), by the calligrapher

Arabzade Mehmed Saadullah, from Derman, Letters in gold, 102f 61019.15 Khāḳānī, hilye, printed Istanbul 1264/1848, introductory pages 61119.16 Khāḳānī, hilye, Rose as symbol of the Prophet. Hamidiye Library,

endowment of Sultan ʿAbdülḥamīd I (reg. 1774–1789), SK Hamidiye 1075 61219.17 Khāḳānī, hilye, “Seal of Prophethood” (mühr-i nubuvvet), SK Şehid Ali Pasa

2755, completed Tuesday, 18 ZA 1075/2 June 1665 61319.18 Ḥilye compilation, Istanbul, Ms SK Hüsrev 36 61520.1 Fez, Qandūsī’s painting at the tomb of Moulay Idris 62320.2 Ta ʾsīs II, fol. 77a. The encounter with Shamharūsh 63420.3 Ta ʾsis II, fol. 83a. The tetragram “Muḥammad” 63920.4 Detail of the outlining of letters in Qurʾān 12613, from vol. 12, f. 12a 64720.5 Detail of the outlining of letters in Qurʾān 12613, vol. 11, f. 36a 64720.6 Writing “Muḥammad” – vol. 9, f. 46b 64820.7 Writing “Muḥammad”, vol. 11, f. 14a 64920.8 Writing “Muḥammad” – vol. 11, f. 36a 64920.9 Qurʾān 12613, vol. 9, f. 116a 65020.10 f. 69a: Marginal gloss about the autograph copy 65320.11 f. 87b: Marginal glosses about the autograph copy 653


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xiv Figures and Tables

20.12 Examples of crossing out and clumsiness in the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt 399K 65420.13 Qandūsī’s prayer in microscopic writing between the stems of monumental

letters, f. 20b 65720.14 Illuminated opening pages of volume 9 of the Qurʾān 12613, Sūra 30, ff. 1b–2a,

al-Ḥasaniyya Royal Library 66120.15 Illuminated opening pages of volume 11 of the Qurʾān 12613, Sūra 46,

ff. 1b–2a, al-Ḥasaniyya Royal Library 66220.16 Illuminated opening pages of volume 12 of the Qurʾān 12613, Sūra 62,

ff. 1b–2a, al-Ḥasaniyya Royal Library 66320.17 Double page of text of volume 12 of the Qurʾān_Sūra 62, 63, ff. 4b–5a,

al-Ḥasaniyya Royal Library 66420.18 Double page of text with sūra golden title of volume 12 of the Qurʾān 12613,

Sūra-s 68, 69, ff. 38–39a, al-Ḥasaniyya Royal Library 66520.19 Writing of the ʿayn in volume 9 of the Qurʾān 12613, Sūra 37, al-Ḥasaniyya

Royal Library_109b 66620.20 Illuminated double frontispiece of the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt J634, National

Library of the Kingdom of Morocco, ff. 1b–2a 66720.21 Double page of text with the use of gold and coloured inks and ornamental

motives, Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt J634, ff. 59b–61a, National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco 668

20.22 Illuminated opening pages of the text of the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt K399, National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco, ff. 20b–21a 669

20.23 Double frontispiece of the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt 399K, f. 12b–13a, National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco 670

20.24 Representations of the sanctuaries of Mecca and Medina in the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt 399K, ff. 17b, 18a, National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco 671

20.25 Representations of the Prophet’s sandals (al-naʿl al-nabawi) in the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt 399K, ff. 18b–19a, National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco 672

20.26 Monumental writings of the basmala and the profession of faith in the Dalāʾ il al-Khayrāt 399K, f. 19b–20a, National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco 673

20.27 Monumental inscription of the names of Allāh and the Prophet, Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt 399K, ff. 20b–21a 674

Tables

2.1 Percentages of traditions mentioning Muḥammad (including various asānīd) in the kutub al-maghāzī or ḥadīth collections 96

5.1 Sources for the knowledge of the Prophet’s reality in the first part of the Shifāʾ 165


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Notes on Contributors

Denis Grilis Professor Emeritus of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of Aix-Marseille. His main areas of research are the work of Ibn al-ʿArabī, the his-tory of Sufism and the scriptural foundations of spirituality in Islam.

Ruggero Vimercati Sanseverinois Professor at the Center for Islamic Theology (ZITh), Tübingen University, and has held the Chair for Hadith Studies and Prophetic Tradition since 2016. He specialises in the transmission of ḥadīth, classical and modern Islamic prophetology and the history of Islamic spirituality. On these themes he has published Fès et sainteté (2014); “Transmission, Ethos and Authority in Hadith scholarship” (2019); “Secularisation and Conflicting Images of Muhammad in contemporary Islam” (2020).

Caterina Boriis Associate Professor in the History of pre-modern Muslim societies in the Department of History, University of Bologna. Her research focuses mainly on the history of the Mamlūk period, with a particular interest in the intersec-tions between society and religion/religiosities. Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, their circle of followers and their late medieval/early modern receptions, have been at the centre of Bori’s research in recent years. She is the author of a number of studies in this area.

Pierre Loryis Director of Studies in the Religious Sciences Section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes/PSL Université, in Paris. He devotes his teaching and research to mystical currents in Islam (mystical commentaries on the Qurʾān, ancient Sufism) and esotericism (alchemy, dream interpretation, the mystical science of letters). Among his works are La dignité de l’homme face aux anges, aux animaux et aux djinns (2018) and Le rêve et ses interprétations en Islam, 2nd ed (2014).

Mathieu Terrieris a Research Fellow at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in Paris, and a member of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants (UEAI). An historian of Islamic thought, his research is mainly concerned with Twelver Shīʿism, Islamic philosophy and Sufism in medieval and early modern


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xvi Notes on Contributors

Iran. Among his most recent publications are Histoire de la sagesse et philoso-phie shi’ite: ‘L’Aimé des cœurs’ de Quṭb al-Dīn Ashkevarī (2016), and Shi‘i Islam and Sufism: Classical Views and Modern Perspectives, co-edited with Denis Hermann (2020).

Daniel De Smetis a Research Director at the CNRS in France and teaches Arabic philosophy at the Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium. His main fields of research are the philosophical doctrines of Shīʿism, in particular in its Ismāʿīlī branch, and the transmission of Neo-Platonism in the Islamic World. Among his publications are Les Épîtres sacrées des Druzes: Rasā’il al-Ḥikma (2007) and La philosophie ismaélienne: Un ésotérisme chiite entre néoplatonisme et gnose (2012).

Meryem Sebtiis a researcher at the CNRS. Her field of research is Arabic philosophy, par-ticularly the philosophy of Avicenna. She has written numerous articles on the psychology and theory of knowledge of Avicenna. She is the author of “Avicenne. L’âme humaine” (2000) and has translated and edited (in collabora-tion) Avicenna’s commentary to Aristotle’s Metaphysics Lambda (2014). She is also the scientific editor of “Noétique et théorie de la connaissance dans la philosophie arabe des IXe au XIIe siècle” (2019).

Samuela Paganiis a researcher and lecturer of Arabic Language and Literature at the University of Salento (Lecce, Italy). Her main research field is the history of religious thought in Islam. She recently published “ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī’s Treatise in Defence of Niyâzî-i Mısrî”, in Early Modern Trends in Islamic Theology: ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī and His Network of Scholarship (Studies and Texts), ed. Lejla Demiri and Samuela Pagani, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019, pp. 317–362; and « “Roi ou serviteur?” La tentation du Prophète, ou le choix d’un modèle », Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n. 178, a. 62, Juillet-septembre 2017, pp. 43–67.

Jean-Jacques Thibon(PhD 2002) is Professor of Islamic Studies at Inalco (Paris). He has published a monograph entitled L’œuvre d’Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī (2009) and trans-lations and articles on Sufis and Sufism in medieval times. He recently pub-lished Les générations des Soufis : Traduction des Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya d’Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn al-Sulamī (325/937–412/1021) (2019).


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xviiNotes on Contributors

Adrien de JarmyAfter graduating from the Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon and obtaining the agrégation d’histoire, he enrolled as a PhD candidate in medieval Islamic history at the University of Sorbonne, while finishing a bachelor’s degree in classical Arabic at INALCO. He is currently a fellow at the Dominican Institute for Oriental Studies (IDEO) and the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology (IFAO) in Cairo and teaches at the Université de Strasbourg. His work focuses on the emergence of Muḥammad’s character in historiography and law in the first centuries of Islam.

Nelly Amriis Professor of Medieval History at La Manouba University in Tunis. Her research focuses on the history of Sufism, hagiography, sainthood (with a spe-cial interest in feminine sanctity) and religious feeling in Ifrīqiya and the medi-eval Maghrib. Among her publications are: Croire au Maghreb médiéval. La sainteté en question (XIV e–XV e siècles) (2019); La sainte de Tunis. Présentation et traduction de l’hagiographie de ‘Âisha al-Mannûbiyya (2008); and with Denis Gril (ed.), Saint et sainteté dans le christianisme et l’islam : Le regard des sciences de l’homme, Maisonneuve et Larose, MMSH (2007).

Brigitte Foulonis Professor of Medieval Arabic Literature at the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3, and is attached to the Centre des Études Arabes et Orientales (CEAO). Her research has a particular focus in on the literary production of al-Andalus, without neglecting ancient oriental poetry (pre-Islamic, Umayyad and Abbasid periods). Among her publications are Al-Andalus, anthologie (in collaboration with Emmanuelle Tixier Du Mesnil (2009); La poésie andalouse du XIe siècle, Voir et décrire le paysage (2011); Etudier le jardin en sciences humaines et sociales : méthodologie, problèmes et enjeux (with A. Caïozzo, ed.; 2018); and L’art de l’éloge chez les Arabes (with M. Bakhouch ed.), special issue of Quaderni di Studi Arabi (QSA), Istituto per l’Oriente, C. A. Nallino (2018).

Catherine Mayeur-Jaouenis Professor of History at the University Paris-IV Sorbonne. She is a specialist in Egypt and popular Sufism during the Ottoman and contemporary periods, and is mainly interested in religious history, cultural history and social history, from the end of the Mamluk era to the present day. Her main publications include: with Alexandre Papas (ed.), Family Portraits with Saints: Hagiography, Sanctity and Family in the Muslim World (2014); with Rachida Chih and Rüdiger Seesemann (eds.), Sufism, Literary Production and Printing in the Nineteenth


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Century (2015); and, with Francesco Chiabotti, Eve Feuillebois-Pierunek and Luca Patrizi (eds.), Ethics and Spirituality in Islam: Sufi Adab (2017).

Marc Toutantis a member of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris. His research focuses on cultural interactions between Central Asia, Indo-Persian and Ottoman cultures. He is the author of Un empire de mots: Pouvoir, culture et soufisme à l’époque des derniers Timourides au miroir de la Khamsa de Mīr ʿAlī Shīr Nawā’ī (2016), and co-editor of Literature and Society in Central Asia: New Sources for the Study of Culture and Power from the 15th to the 21th Century (2015).

Alexandre Papasis a Senior Research Scholar (Directeur de recherche) at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris. He is a historian of Islamic mysticism in the early modern and modern periods. His main publications include: Soufisme et politique entre Chine, Tibet et Turkestan (2005); Mystiques et vagabonds en islam (2010); Jāmī in Regional Contexts (2018, co-ed. with Th. D’Hubert); Thus Spake the Dervish: Sufism, Language, and the Religious Margins in Central Asia, 1400–1900 (2019). He is co-editor of the Journal d’histoire du sou-fisme and Brill’s Handbook of Sufi Studies.

Christiane Gruberis Professor of Islamic Art in the History of Art Department at the University of Michigan. Her scholarly work explores figural representation, depictions of the Prophet Muḥammad, ascension texts and images, and devotional arts in Islamic traditions, about which she has written three books and edited a dozen volumes. Her most recent publications include her single authored book The Praiseworthy One: The Prophet Muhammad in Islamic Texts and Images and her edited volume The Image Debate: Figural Representation in Islam and Across the World, both published in 2019.

Tobias Heinzelmann(PhD Heidelberg 2003) is an adjunct professor at the University of Zurich. Among his publications: Populäre Religiöse Literatur und Buchkultur im Osmanischen Reich: Die Werke der Brüder Yazıcıoğlı, (2015); Heiliger Kampf oder Landesverteidigung? Die Diskussion um die Einführung der allgemeinen Militärpflicht im Osmanischen Reich 1826–1856 (2004); Die Balkankrise in der Osmanischen Karikatur; Die Satirezeitschriften Karagöz, Kalem und Cem 1908–1914 (1999).


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Hiba Abidis a specialist in Islamic Art History and Codicology. She is post-doctoral fellow at Collège de France (ERC-SICLE Project (Saadian Intellectual and Cultural LifE)). Her PhD dissertation was devoted to The Dalā’il al-Khayrāt of al-Jazūlī (d. 1465). The Manuscript Tradition of a Sufi Prayer Book in the Islamic West from the 16th until the 19th centuries.

Francesco Chiabottiobtained his PhD in Islamic Studies at the University of Aix-Marseille in 2014. He is associated Professor for Islamic Studies and Medieval History at the Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), Paris. His thesis is devoted to the life and work of the influential Sufi master and theolo-gian ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Qushayrī (d.465/1072). He has recently published, with Bilal Orfali (AUB) The Amālī of Abū l-Qāsim al-Qushayrī (2020).


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the presence of the prophet in early modern and

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