The Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense consists of :Have/has + the past participle form of the verb.

I have seen their photos. She has lived abroad.

Have ( I, you, they, we, plural nouns)Has (she, he, it, singular nouns)Contractions: Ive, weve, theyve, shes, hes, its

Uses Actions or situations that happened at an unspecified time in the past: I have been to Canada. My parents have returned from there. I havent seen the Houses of Parliaments. She has not been to Brazil.

Time expressions for this use are: already, just, ever, recently, still, yet, so far and up to now. Ive already seen their photos. My parents have just returned from Canada. My family still hasnt had time for a trip. They have shot 10 rolls of film so far. Up until now, we havent had the money.

2- Repeated actions ay unspecified times in the past. I have been to London twice. Paul hasnt traveled outside his country too many times.

Time expressions like: once, twice, several times.. Etc

Yes/ No questions in the present perfect tense: The adverb : (not) ever is common in the present perfect tense: Have you ever been to New York? Yes, I have No, I haventHas she ever seen the Empire State Building? Yes, she has No, she hasnt Havent you ever seen the Faisalia Tower?Yes, I have No, I havent

Information Questions Have or has separates the question word from the sentence subject. Why have you come here?How many times have you been here? How much money have you spent? Where have you been? Why havent you brought a map?

In present perfect questions with who or what as the subject , the word order is the same as in a statement. Who has lived abroad?Jaun has lived abroad. Who hasnt taken any pictures?No one has.

Ever, never, already, just, recently, still and yet.Questions:1. Ever: means at any time. It comes before the past participle. Have you ever been to the British Museum? 2. Already: means before now. It may come before the past participle or at the end of the question. Have you already been to the British Museum? Have you been to the British Museum already?

3. Yet: means up to now. It is usually placed at the end of the question. Have you visited the British Museum yet?

Affirmative statements:

Just: refers to the very recent past. It comes before the past participle. Ive just visited that museum.

2. Already/ recently: usually come before the past participle or at the end of the sentence. Ive already visited that museum. Ive visited that museum already. Ive recently visited that museum. Ive visited that museum recently.

Negative Statements:

1. Never: means not at any time. It must come before the past participle. I have never visited that museum. 2. yet: usually comes at the end of a negative statement. I havent visited that museum yet.

3. Still: means up to now. Still comes before has or have.

I still havent visited that museum.