The Present Subjunctive

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The Subjunctive

Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Subjunctive

Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The Subjunctive

Espero obtener una A en mi prueba.

Vs. Espero que tú obtengas una A

en tu prueba.

The Subjunctive someone else to do

something. The subjunctive is

not fact/it did not happen yet.

We use it to say what one person: asks hopes tells insists requires

WIERD

WWish EEmotion IImpersonal Expressions RRequests DDoubt (of existence or of occurrence)

The Subjunctive

A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word queque (meaning that).

For example:

The Subjunctive

Quiero que tú estudies I want you to study.

2 Clauses

Ella sugiere que tú estudies Español

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive

1st subject – Indicative+

QUE

+

2ND Subject – Subjunctive

The Subjunctive

We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

Words that would indicate the subjunctive (you will find these in your main clause)

1. Decir (when it means tell)

2. Esperar

3. Exigir

4. Insistir en

5. Pedir

6. Querer

7. Recomendar

8. Sugerir

The Subjunctive

We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

The Subjunctive

For -ar verbs:

e, es, e, emos, éis, en

For -er/-ir verbs:

a, as, a, amos, áis, an

Votar – to vote

vote

votes

vote

votemos

votéis

voten

Prometer– to promise

prometa

prometas

prometa

prometamos

prometáis

prometan

Recibir – to receive

reciba

recibas

reciba

recibamos

recibáis

reciban

The Subjunctive

The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

Verbs that have a go in the yo present indicative form

caerse decir hacer poner salir

tener traer

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

hacer hag-o haga

tener teng-o tenga

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

buscar busco busque

pagar pago pague

cruzar cruzo cruce

Ger infinitives

Remember there are some where the yo form the g changes to a j.

1. Escoger

2. Coger

3. Exigir

4. Recoger

1. Escoja

2. Coja

3. Exija

4. Recoja

1. Escoger

2. Coger

3. Exigir

4. Recoger

1. Escoja

2. Coja

3. Exija

4. Recoja

Stem Changing verbs

Keep the stem for all –ar and –er verbs except in the nosotros form. Ex.

Cierre, cerremos -ir infinitives the nosotros form e-i, o-u

even if the other forms have ie and ue.sienta, sintamos,

duerma, durmamos