the principles of design the structures behind improved print design
TRANSCRIPT
THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNThe Structures Behind Improved Print Design
• The elements and principles of design are the building blocks used to create
• The elements of design can be thought of as the things that make up a layout
• Good or bad - all layouts will contain most of if not all, the seven elements of design
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
• Line can be considered in two ways:
• the linear marks made with a design toolor the edge created when two shapes meet
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN: THE LINE
• A shape is a self contained defined area of geometric or organic form
• A positive shape in a design automatically creates a negative shape (aka white space)
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN: SHAPE
• All lines have direction - Horizontal, Vertical or Oblique.
• Horizontal suggests calmness, stability and tranquillity.
• Vertical gives a feeling of balance, formality and alertness
• Oblique suggests movement and action
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN: DIRECTION
• Size is simply the relationship of the area occupied by one shape to that of another
• Size can denote importance
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN: SIZE
• Texture is perceived surface quality
• Print design largely uses implied texture (the surface of an object looks like it feels. The texture may look rough, fizzy, gritty, but cannot actually be felt)
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN: TEXTURE
• aka swatches (in InDesign)• Considered to be the most
expressive element• Can create illusion of depth• Can draw attention to a
particular part• Increases visual appeal• Complementary colours help
create contrast• Monochromatic colours are tints
and shades of the same colour• Warm colours: reds, yellows,
oranges• Cool colours: blues, greens,
and purples
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN: COLOUR
PRIMARY COLOURS
SECONDARYCOLOURS
TERTIARYCOLOURS
COMPLIMENTARYCOLOURS
TRIADCOLOURS
ANALOGOUSCOLOURS
• aka tone• Value is lightness or
darkness of a colour• Add black to a pure
colour to create a shade
• Add white to a pure colour to create a tint
• Value gives objects depth and perception
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN: VALUE
• The 3fs (FFF)
• Form Follows Function• (what it looks like is not as
important as the job it is supposed to accomplish)
• A layout should help NOT hinder the message
• It should be transparent in nature (ie. your viewer should not be remarking on the layout, but rather focusing on the content)
THE #1 RULE OF PRINT DESIGN
• The Principles of design can be thought of as what we do to the elements of design
• How we apply the Principles of design determines how successful we are in creating layout
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
• Balance in design is similar to balance in physics
• A large shape close to the center can be balanced by a small shape close to the edge
• A large light toned shape will be balanced by a small dark toned shape (as the darker the shape the heavier it appears to be)
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: BALANCE
NOT USINGBALANCECREATIVELY
USINGBALANCE
• Gradation of size and direction produce linear perspective.
• Gradation of colour from warm to cool and tone from dark to light produce aerial perspective.
• Gradation can add interest and movement to a shape. A gradation from dark to light will cause the eye to move along a shape.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: GRADATION
GRADATIONS
GRADATION EXAMPLE
• Where else have you seen gradation used today to present information to you?
A PAUSE FORGRADATION
• Dominance gives a layout interest, counteracting confusion and monotony
• Dominance can be applied to one or more of the elements to give emphasis
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: DOMINANCE
NOT USINGDOMINANCE
USINGDOMINANCE
• Nothing should be paced on the page arbitrarily
• Every element should have some visual connection with another element on the page
• Creates a sophisticated look
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: ALIGNMENT
NOT USINGALIGNMENT
USINGALIGNMENT
• Repetition with variation is interesting
• without variation repetition can become monotonous
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: REPETITION
NOT USINGREPETITION
USINGREPETITION
• Items relating to each other should be grouped close together
• Items in close proximity become one visual unit instead of several separate items
• Helps organize information, reduce clutter, and give structure
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: PROXIMITY
NOT USINGPROXIMITY
USINGPROXIMITY
• Contrast is the juxtaposition of opposing elements e.g.. opposite colours on the colour wheel - red / green, blue / orange etc. Contrast in tone or value - light / dark. Contrast in direction - horizontal / vertical
• The major contrast in a layout should be located at the center of interest
• Too much contrast scattered throughout a layout can destroy unity and make a work difficult to look at.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: CONTRAST
NOT USINGCONTRAST
USINGCONTRAST
• Unity is staying on the story, telling only one thing at a time
• Unity is staying in style throughout the design
• It helps provide clear and complete communication
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN: UNITY
A PAUSE FOR UNITY
• Where else have you seen unity used today to present information to you?
