Serving the fruit and vegetable growers of Eastern New York The Produce Pages

Dormancy in Tree Fruit Pruning Considerations BY ANN A WALL IS

Withharvestwrappedupandcoolertemperaturessettingin,itistimeforeveryonetohunkerdownforwinter,includingthetrees.Dormantpruningisthenextbigtaskintheorchard.Butpruningatthewrongtimecanleadtoinvigorationofyourtreesandwinterinjury.Hereissomeinformationtoconsiderbeforebreakingouttheloppers.

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December 2015 

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Contents  

T H E   P R O D U C E   P A G E S  

The Produce Pages Editor:   Maire Ullrich, Vegetables Phone: 845‐344‐1234 Email: mru2@cornell.edu  Regular contributors:  Vegetables Chuck Bornt Phone: 518‐859‐6213   Email: cdb13@cornell.edu 

Amy Ivy Phone: 518‐561‐7450   Email: adi2@cornell.edu 

Teresa Rusinek Phone: 845‐691‐7117   Email: tr28@cornell.edu 

Crystal Stewart Phone: 518‐775‐0018   Email: cls263@cornell.edu 

Kevin Besler Phone: 845‐344‐1234   Email: krb98@cornell.edu 

 

Fruit Laura McDermott Phone: 518‐791‐5038   Email: lgm4@cornell.edu James O’Connell Phone: 845‐691‐7117   Email: jmo98@cornell.edu 

Dan Donahue Phone:  845‐691‐7117   Email: djd13@cornell.edu 

Anna Wallis Phone: 518‐410‐6823   Email: aew232@cornell.edu  

Business and Marketing Jesse Strzok Phone: 518‐429‐1464   Email: js3234@cornell.edu 

Bob Weybright Phone: 518‐727‐6238   Email: rw74@cornell.edu 

 Food Safety Erik Kocho‐Schellenberg  Phone: 845‐3441234   Email:  jk2642@cornell.edu    The Produce Pages is a monthly publication of the Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture       Program. For more information about the        program, please visit our website at                       http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/.

Serving the Educational and Research Needs of the Commercial Small Fruit, Vegetable and Tree Fruit Industries in Albany, Clinton, Columbia,  Dutchess, Essex, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, Schenectady, Ulster, Warren and 

Washington Counties 

General Updates EPA Proposes Ban on Widely Used Pesticide .................. 4 FSMA Final Rule ............................................................ 9 Influencing Customers Throughout the Consumer Decision Making Process  ........................................... 11 

 Vegetable Production Carrot Variety Trial Summary ...................................... 13   

Berry & Grape Production Getting to Know Growers ............................................ 4 Broad Mites on Blackberries ........................................ 7 Winter Blankets Keep Grapes Warm .......................... 10   

Tree Fruit Production Dormancy in Tree Fruit—Pruning Considerations ...... 1 Trunk Borer Management in Apples—Update .......... 5   

Upcoming Events  GAPs Training Agenda  ................................................ 17 Agricultural and Food Business Outlook .................... 19  

Calendar of Events ………………………….21 

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DormancyRequirements

Duringthesummer,foliageonthetreesproducedcarbohydratesviaphotosynthesis,whichwasusedforshootandfruitgrowth.Somephotosynthatewasstoredinwoodytissueandwillbeusedtofuelbudburstandinitialvegetativegrowthinthespring.

Atthispointintheseason,thetreesareslowlyshuttingdownandgoingintoadormantperiod.Dormancyisusedtodescribetheperiodwheretreesare‘visiblyinactive,’growthceases,leavesareshed,andwinterbudsareformed.Itisasurvivalstrategyinwhichperennialplantsstopgrowingand‘shutdown’inordertowithstandcoldwintertemperatures.

Inappletrees,dormancyiscontrolledbytemperature.Thisisdifferentthansomeotherperennials,whichrespondtodaylengthaswellastemperature.Attheminimum,appletreesrequire1‐2weeksconsistentlybelow53F.Inastudytestingdormancyrequirementsofvariousrootstocks,“Plantsofcultivar‘M9’ceasedgrowingcompletely[whenkept]at6,9,and12°C(42,48,and53°F)[for]1to2weeks,formedwinterbuds,shedtheirleavesandapparentlywentdormant.”

Intheorchard,dormancyrequirementswillbedependentonmanyfactors,includingcultivar,rootstock,treesize,andstressduringthegrowingseason.Itwouldbesafertowaituntiltemperatureshavebeenconsistentlybelow50°Fforaboutamonth,toassumetreesarecompletelydormant.

Endo‐dormancyand‘ChillingRequirements’

Likeanybiologicalprocess,dormancyisnotblackandwhite.Itisagradualprocessthatinvolvesseveralstages(Figure1).Thetransitiontocompletedormancyiscalledeco‐dormancyoracclimation.Duringthistime,treesare‘dormant’duetounfavorablegrowingconditions.Theywillstillrespondtofavorablegrowingconditionsbyputtingoutnewgrowthinresponsetowarmertemperatures,andbudsarenotcompletelyhardy.

Thetermforcompletedormancy,whenthetreeisincompleterest,isendodormancyorwinterdormancy.Duringthisperiod,internalphysiologicalmechanismspreventgrowth,eveniftherearefavorablegrowthconditions(i.e.temperature,moisture,anddaylength).Treeswillnotbeabletoresumegrowthuntiltheyhavebeencoldforapredeterminedperiodoftime.Thisiscalledachillingrequirement,andisdifferentforeachspeciesandvariety(Figure2).Forexample, igsrequireverylittlechilling(lessthan400hours)whileapplechillingrequirementsrangefrom800to1650hours.Thehigherthechillingrequirement(numberof

hours)thelongertheplantwillstaydormant,andthemore‘hardy’itisconsidered.

Oncethechillingrequirementissatis ied,endodormancyisbroken.Treesre‐entereco‐dormancy,duringwhichtheywillrespondtoenvironmentalconditionsfavorabletogrowth.Warmspringtemperatures‘wakethemup,’andtheybegingrowingagain.

Pruningconsiderationsfor2015

Thisyear,wehaveexperiencedanexceptionallywarmfall.InPeru,weexperiencedtemperaturesinthemid50’sand60’sthroughoutOctober;intheHudsonValley,highswereinthe70’smorethanafewdays.Therefore,treesmaynotyetbecompletelydormant.Pruningtreesbeforetheyhavereachedendodormancymayinvigoratethem,preventingthemfrombecoming

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completelyhardy,potentiallyleadingtowinterinjury.

Thebesttimetopruneiswhentreesarecompletelydormant.Thisisespeciallytrueforyoungerplantingsandsmallertrees.Ifconditionsaresuitableforworkingoutdoors,itisrecommendedtobeginpruninginlateDecember,andevensaferinJanuary‐MarchoftheNewYear.IfyoudecidetobeginpruninginlateDecember,startwithyourlargesttreesasthesewillbethemosttoleranttothedeleteriouseffectsofwinterinjury.

Sources

Westwood,M.N.“Dormancy.”TemperateZonePomology:PhysiologyandCulture,3rdEdition.Portland:TimberPress,1993.Print.Heide,O.M.andA.K.Prestrud.“Lowtemperature,butnotphotoperiod,controlsgrowthcessationanddormancyinductionandreleaseinappleandpear.”TreePhysiology.25(2004):109‐114.

EPA Proposes Ban on Widely Used Insecticide KEVIN BESLER

TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)hassubmittedadocumenttotheFederalRegister(documentnumber2015‐28083)thatproposestorevokealltolerancesforinsecticidescontainingchlorpyrifosasanactiveingredient.Arevocationofalltolerancesmeansthatanyproductscontainingchlorpyrifoswouldbebannedfromuse.Notethatthisisaproposedrule,meaningthatchlorpyrifosinsecticidesarestilllegaltouseaslabeled;a inalrulingisnotexpecteduntilDecemberof2016. Chlorpyrifosisanorganophosphateinsecticidethatinhibitsthebreakdownofacetylcholine,whichisthechemicalthatmotorneuronswithinthenervoussystemreleaseinordertoactivatemuscles.Insectpeststhatareexposedtochlorpyrifosareunabletobreakdownacetylcholine,whichleadstoparalysisand,eventually,death.Chlorpyrifos‐containinginsecticidesareusedtocontrolinsectsandotherarthropodsinwarehouseandagriculturalsituations.InfruitandvegetableproductionitiscommonlysoldunderthetradenamesLorsban,Cobalt,andVulcanandcomesinavarietyofformulations.Theseinsecticidesarecommonlyusedonbrassicas,onions,grapes,stonefruits,apples,andstrawberries. IntheproposedruletheEPAstatedthat“theprimarysourceofriskcomesfromchlorpyrifosand

chlorpyrifosoxonindrinkingwaterinhighlyvulnerablewatersheds(generallysmallwatershedswherethelandisagriculturalandcouldbetreatedwithchlorpyrifos(i.e.,heavilycroppedareas)).However,asexplainedinthisproposedrule,someusesofchlorpyrifosdonotbythemselvespresentrisksofconcernfromeitherfoodordrinkingwaterandareonlyaconcernwhenaggregatedwithallexposurestochlorpyrifos.EPAthereforeinvitescommentsthataddresswhethersometolerancesorgroupsoftolerancescanberetained.” Afulldescriptionoftheproposedruleandjusti icationcanbefoundatwww.regulations.govbysearching“chlorpyrifos”orelectronicallybyfollowingthislink.TheEPAisacceptingcommentsnowthroughJanuary5,2016.Commentscanbesubmittedelectronicallythroughthewebsiteormailedto:OPPDocket,EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyDocketCenter(EPA/DC),(28221T),1200PennsylvaniaAve.NW.,Washington,DC20460‐0001.

Getting to Know Growers

Greetingsgrapegrowers!MynameisJimO’Connell.IamtheberryandgrapeeducatorforCornellCooperativeExtension’sEasternNewYorkCommercialHorticultureProgram,andIcovertheregionfromAlbanysouthtoPutnamCounty.Iknowhaven’thadtheopportunitytovisitallofyouyet,soinanefforttomeetmoreofyou,Iamplanningsometravelingpotluckdinners. Overthewinterandmaybeintoearlyspring,Iwanttosetupaseriesofeducationaldinnerswithyou.Iwanttogettoknowyouandyourfarms,anddiscussprogrammingneeds.Theirstofthesedinnersisplannedfor6pmonJanuary13,2015atStableGateWinery,locatedon10LindaWayinCastleton‐On‐Hudson,NY12033.ValerieFeldman,ownerandoperatorofStableGateWinerywillbeourhost. Furtherannouncementswithasignupsheetwillbesentoutinadvanceofthedinner.Inthemeantime,ifyouwouldlikemoreinformation,and/orifyouwouldliketohostadinner,pleasecontactme,JimO’Connell,viaphoneat845‐943‐9814oremailatjmo98@cornell.edu.

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Trunk Borer Management in Apples Update

PETER JENTSCH,

C O R N E L L H U D S O N V A L L E Y R E S E A R C H

L A B O R A T O R Y , H I G H L A N D , N Y

Inthearticletitled‘EPAProposesToBanChlorpyrifos’,(GrowingProduce;postedbyChris‐tinaHerrick),EPAhadbeenrequestedtorespondtoapetitionidentifyingChlorpyrifoslevelsfoundindrinkingwaterbyApril15th,2015.Thiscon‐cernwasraisedfromapetitionsubmittedbytheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC)andPesticideActionNetworkNorthAmerica(PANNA).Insteadofsubmittingaruling,EPAproposedatimelinetoallowforadditionaldataanalysistobestunderstandtheconcern.AsEPAwasunabletomakeasafety indingasrequiredundertheFed‐eralFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(FFDCA),andrequestedatimelineex‐tensiontoacquireadditionaldata,the9thCircuitrejectedEPA’stimelineandorderedEPAtoeitherdenythepetition,issueaproposedrevocation,orissueainalrevocationrulebyOct.31,2015.EPAwasrequiredtodosoandstat‐ed…”Therefore,asweareinformingthecourt,wehaveproposedtorevokeallchlorpyrifostolerancesbasedonthesci‐enceasitstands.”Issuingaproposedrevocationprovidesanopportunityforpublicinputpriortoany inaldecision.ThecourtalsorequiredEPAtoprovidethetimelinefora inalruleshouldEPAissueaproposedrevocationbyOct.31.EPAisnotifyingthecourtoftheantici‐patedreleaseofthe inalruleinDecem‐ber2016,”theagencysaid. AdmittedlyEPAstatedthatthereare“notrisksfromexposuretochlorpyrifosinfood”….”But,whenthoseexposuresarecombinedwithestimatedexposurefromdrinkingwaterincertainwatersheds,EPAcannotconcludethattheriskfromaggregateexposuremeetstheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmetic

Act(FFDCA)safetystandard.EPAhasdeterminedthatsafelevelsofchlorpyrifosmaybeexceededinpartsoftheU.S.forpeoplewhosedrinkingwaterisderivedfromsomesmallvulnerablewatershedswherechlorpyrifosisheavilyused.Ifthetoleranc‐esarerevoked,EPAwouldcanceltheassociatedfoodusesofchlorpyrifos,”theagencysaid. Althoughthesituationisfarfromresolved,iftherevocationstands,wheredoesthatleavethetreefruitindustrywithregardstotrunkborermanagement?Frommyobservationsinthe ieldthisseason,theborercomplexhasbecomeamajorthreattothetreefruitindustry.RecenttreedeclineleadingtothelossofhundredsofappletreesinHudsonValleyorchards,allonM.9rootstockintallspindleplantingsystems,pointtostressinducedbydogwoodborer(DWB)Synanthedonscitula(Harris),Americanplumborer(APB),Euzopherasemifuneralis(Walker),andinfestationsofanam‐brosiabeetle,theblackstemborer(BSB),Xylosan‐drusgermanus.Whencoupledwithdroughtstressthisseason,thesepestsappeartobetheprimary

Borer induced tree decline and collapse, Germantown, NY 2015

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causalagentsofseveretreefruitdeclineanddeathinNY.Inveryfewincidenceshavewefoundsur‐veyedtreestohavesuccumbedtodeclinefromdroughtstressalone. Overthepast40years,theuseofaLorsbandirectedtrunkapplications,usingahighpressure,diluteandcoursesprays,effectivelycontrolthelarvaofDWBinfestingrootinginitials.RecentworkconductedbyDr.ArtAgnello(NYSAES,Ge‐neva,NY)providesdataonalternativeinsecticideactiveingredients,suggestingeffectivecontrolofDWBusingAssail30SGandRynaxypyrWG(APPLEEVALUATIONOFVARIOUSTRUNKSPRAYSTOCONTROLBORERSINFESTINGBURR‐KNOTS,2006:Agnello&Kain). FromearlyresultsinmanagingtheBSB(Breth;2014),Lorsbanhasalsoprovidedthemosteffectivelevelofcontroltoreduceinfestationandre‐infestationfromthispestinyoungappleondwar ingrootstocks. AlternativeoptionsformanagementofDWBwouldincludematingdisruptioninblocksof5acresormore.TheIsomateproductformatingdisruptionofdogwoodboreronappleisnowla‐beledandavailable.ThemanufacturerisCBC(America)Corp.WorkconductedbyDaveKainandArtAgnellousingthisproductin ieldtrialshasshownthisapproachtobeaviableapproachtoDWBmanagement. Inorchardswherethereareactiveinfesta‐tions,oneormoredirectedinsecticideapplica‐tionswillneedtobemadeduringthe irstseasonusingmatingdisruptiontobringborerlarvaundercontrol.AsAssail30SGispresentlylabeledforDWBmanagementintrunkapplications,itwouldworkasaLorsbanreplacementbasediftheEPAproposaltorevokethefoodtoleranceonLorsbanstands.

“Estimatedcostsofapplyingchlorpyrifos(Lorsban4E)basedonaplantdensityof800treesperacre,$8perhourforlaborandapriceof$30pergallonforLorsban4E,areapproximately$25peracre.TreatmentwithIsomate‐DWBdispens‐ersatarateof150peracrethe irstseason,fol‐lowedby100peracrethereafter,usingthesamelaborrate,costsapproximately$63.60peracreforthe irstseasonand$42.40peracreinsubsequentseasons.Assumingthattheef icacyofIsomate‐DWBisequalorsuperiortothatofIsomate‐LPTB,thentheeasewithwhichpheromonedispensersareapplied,thefactthatnospecialequipmentisneededand,presumably,theimprovedworkersafety,maymaketheuseofthisproductanattrac‐tivealternativeforsomegrowers”(Kain&Agnel‐lo).

Black Stem Borer Gallery Entrances

2015 Cornell Pest Management Guidelines for Tree Fruit Production * Restricted Use Pesticide

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Broad Mites on Blackberries WRITTEN BY K . DEMCHAK,

P E N N S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y A N D D . J O H N -

S O N , U . O F A R K A N S A S

S O U R C E : P E N N S T A T E E X T E N S I O N N E W S ,

1 0 / 2 9 / 1 5

Editors’Note:Broadmiteshavebeenseenforyearsongreenhousecrops,butlatelyhavebecomeprob‐lemson ieldpeppersineasternNY.Acloserelative,cyclamenmite,areaprobleminJunebearingstrawberries.Wehaveyettoseetheminblackber‐ries,butthisarticlehelpsusunderstandthatthereisaprogressionandthatweshouldbelookingforthem. Broadmite(Polyphagotarsonemusla‐tus)hasbeenapestoftropical,subtropicalandgreenhousecropsforoveracentury,andhasbeenproblematicforpeppergrowersinPAandforthelastcoupleofyears.Nowwecanaddblackberriestothelistofcropsthattheyfrequent.InPA,we irstfoundbroadmitesonblackber‐riesin2013.In2015,wefoundthattheycancontributetoanearlytotalcroplossonpri‐mocane‐fruitingblackberries.Ontheseplants,bacterialissuesarepartoftheproblemwith

symptomssimilartothosefrom ireblight(tissuebrowninganddeath)present.Atthispoint,wedon’tknowwhetherthetwoissuesjusthappentobepresentatthesametime,whetherinjurybythemitesmaybecontributingtotissuesusceptibilitytobacterialinfection,orwhetherotherinterac‐tionsarecomingintoplay.InArkansasandNorthCarolina,researchersbeganexperiencingprob‐lemswithbroadmitesonprimocane‐fruitingblackberriesin2006andacommercialgrowerhashadproblemssince2014.Typicaldamagefrombroadmitesistissuedistor‐tion,reducedterminalleafgrowth,eitherdown‐wardorupwardcurlingorcuppingofleaves(Photo1)and lowerclustersthatappearcom‐pressed(Photo2)orblossomsthatdryup.Symp‐

Photo 1: Leaf distortion and cupping of blackberry leaves infested by broad mites. Photo credit: Donn Johnson, Univ. of Arkansas

Photo 2: Infested blackberry terminal growth showing upward leaf cupping and compression of flower cluster. Photo credit: Kathy Demchak, Penn State Univ.

Photo 3: Greatly-magnified young blackberry fruit with broad mite female (right) and eggs (left of center). Photo credit: Sara May, Penn State Univ.

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tomson lowerclustersmaynotshowupuntilthesecondyearofinfestation.Broadmitesbuilduptohundredsperlea letonyoungerterminalleaves.Thesemitesareverytiny‐lessthan0.2mm(about1/100thofaninch)asaretheirdistinctiveeggsdottedwithwhitespots(Photo3).Thesemitesaredif iculttoseeevenwitha16Xhandlens.Becauseofthesmallsizesofbroadmitesandtheeggs,symptomsofleafcurlinganddyingterminalfoliage(Photo4)and lowerclustersareallthatagrowerislikelytonotice.Withcitrus,themitesarefoundindepressionsonthefruitwherethefemaleslaytheireggs,andasisevidencedbythenumberofmitesandeggsonayoungblackberryfruit(Photo5),itappearsthatblackberriesprovideasimilarlydesirablefruitsur‐face. Atthispoint,wemainlywanttomakegrow‐ersawareofthispotentialproblemincasetheyhaveseensimilarsymptoms(eitherterminalleafand lowerdistortionorsymptomssimilarto ireblight),especiallyiftheyaregrowingprimocane‐fruitingblackberriesinthe ieldorhightunnels.We’renotsureexactlywhyweareseeingthisnewmitepestonblackberryatthistimeorwhereitcamefrom.Perhapsthispestisbetterabletosur‐

viveinmoremildwintertemperatures,bothintheieldandinhightunnels.Inbothinstanceswherebroadmiteswereprob‐lematicinPA,theblackberriesweregrowninhightunnels,buttheyareonesfromwhichthecoversareremovedforthewinter.Sincethetunnelcli‐mateisgenerallyconducivetoincreasedmitepop‐ulations,theirnumbersmayhaveincreased,re‐gardlessofwhetherthecoverwasremovedforthewinterornot.Interestingly,thereissomeevidencethattheymaybeabletogainmobilitybyattachingthemselvestowhite lies.So,whatcanonedotocontrolbroadmiteinfesta‐tions?First,keepwatchforthem,andifyounoticejustaplantortwoexhibitingsuspicioussymptoms,rogueitoutalongwithacoupleofplantstoeachsideofit.Itappearsthatitispossibletoholdtheproblematbay,orslowitdowngreatlybyutilizingthissimplepractice.Practicessimilartothosethatwouldassistwithcontrollingtwo‐spottedmites(conservingnaturalenemies,releasingpredatorymitesearlyenoughandattimingsthatwouldallowthemtoestablishintheplanting,andavoidinguseofbroad‐spectruminsecticides)maybebene icial,thoughthereiscurrentlyverylittleinformationinthisarea.

Photo 4: Terminal dieback of blackberry plant resulting from broad mite infestation. Photo credit: Donn Johnson, Univ. of Arkansas

Photo 5: Young blackberry fruit with numerous broad mite eggs and adults. Photo credit: Tim Gleason, Penn State Univ.

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Fewmiticidesarelabeledforuseonblackberriesatthistime,resistancedevelopmentisahugecon‐cern,andef icacydataissomewhatlimited,sowewillneedtodosomeworkbeforemakingrecom‐mendationsonmiticideusage.Staytunedformorenewsonthisfront.Acknowledgement:ThankstoSaraMayatPennState’sPlantDiseaseClinicforassistanceindiag‐nosingthisprobleminPennsylvania.AdditionalReading/References:Fasulo,T.R.2000,revisedAugust2010.BroadMite.FeaturedCreatures,Univ.ofFlorida.Johnson,D.2014.BroadMitesDamagingBlackber‐ries.ArkansasFruitandNutNews,Vol.4,Issue7,Sept.5,2014.

Johnson,D.2015.DoYouHaveBroadMitesonBlackberry?ArkansasFruitandNutNews,Vol.5,Issue5,June8,2015.

Myers,M.andBogash,S.2015.BroadMitesinFruitingVegetables.PennStateExtension,postedJune22,2015.

UniversityofCaliforniaIPMPestManagementGuidelines:Citrus,BroadMite.Updated2015.UCANRPublication3441.

FSMA Final Rule ERIK SCHELLE NBERG

TheFoodSafetyModernizationActisnowintheFederalRegister,andwillgointoeffectinthenext60days.The irstthingtoknowaboutitisthatevennon‐exemptfarmsdon’thavetocomplyimmediately.ThesoonestthatanyfarmneedstobeincompliancewiththeProduceRuleistwoyearsfromnow.Thatisforfarmsthatgrossover$500,000orotherwisedonotqualifyforaconditionalexemption.Farmsmakingbe‐tween$250,000and$500,000willhavethreeyears,andfarmsmakingbetween$25,000and$250,000willhavefouryears.Allincomebracketswillhaveanaddi‐tionaltwoyearstocomplywithcertainrequirementspertainingtotheuseofagriculturalwater. TheProduceRuleis801pageslong,soyoucanimaginethatitwilltakesometimeforCornellExten‐siontodigestitanddeliverthekeypointsinasumma‐rizedformsofarmscanbegintheworkneededtocom‐plywiththeRule.WewillbeginofferingtherequiredFSMAonedayfoodsafetytrainingcourseinJanuary2016.WehavebeenpreparingforthisalongwiththeProduceSafetyAllianceforquiteawhile,andthecur‐riculumofthecourseisalready inalizedandtwotrain‐the‐trainercourseshavebeengiven.Therewillbemanyoptionstogettherequiredtraining,astheFDAwillapproveothercurriculumsandotherorganiza‐tionswillalsobeofferingapprovedcerti icatetrain‐ings. Thefoodsafetycerti icatewillcoverthebasicsofonfarmfoodsafety,andtherequirementsofthelawwithaneyetowardsthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenFSMAandGAPS.ItisimportanttoknowthatGAPScerti icationdoesnotexemptyoufromattendingtheFSMAfoodsafetycerti icatetraining.IfyoualreadyhaveaGAPScerti icate,thismaybeanopportunitytosendadifferentemployeefromthefarmsothatmoreofthefarmmanagementknowstheropesaboutfoodsafety,andtheycanbringbacktheinformationregard‐inganyadditionalworkthatmustbedonetocomplywithFSMA. Datesandtimesforthecourseshaveyettobedetermined,aswewillbecoordinatingstate‐widetoofferthebestcoverage.Staytunedforfoodsafetynewsbecausetheremaybesigni icantchangesthatyouneedtomakeonyourfarmstocomplywithFSMA.WewillbeprovidingallthenecessaryeducationalmaterialsandquestionansweringtomakesurethatyoucancomplywiththeRulewith‐inthetimeframeslistedabove.

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Winter Blankets Keep Grapes Warm J IM O’CONNELL

Winterblanketsaren’tjustforpeopletobundleupwithnexttothe ireplaceanymore.Nowgrapegrowersareusingthemtoprotectsensitivevarietiesfromwinterinjury.Whiletheblanketspeopleusetostaywarmduringthewinterareof‐tencottonorwoolblendswithcolorfulpatterns,theseblanketsareconstructedofawhitenon‐wovenpolyesterfabricandarecalledfrostblan‐kets. Similarto loatingrowcoversusedinstraw‐berryproduction,thesefrostblanketsworkbytrappingheatandmaintainingawarmertempera‐tureundercoverthanthesurroundingambientairtemperature.PreviousresearchdoneinQuebec,Canadareportedsuccesswiththeseblankets,maintainingtemperaturesat0Forabove. Thisfall/winter,Iamdoingsomeprelimi‐naryworkatanewlyplantedvineyardinDutchessCounty.Thefrostblanketswillbetestedontwovitisviniferacultivars:MerlotandChardonnay.Am‐bientairtemperaturesandtemperaturesunderthefrostblanketswillberecordedusingibuttondataloggers.Asacomparisontothefrostblankets,somerowsofviniferawillbeburiedunderwoodchipsandwillbesimilarlymonitoredfortempera‐tures.Becausethevinesaresoyoung,budmortali‐tywillnotbecollected.FinalpreliminaryresultswillbereportedintheseasonalENYCHPgrapenewsletter.

GRAPES OF THE HUDSON VALLEY

and Other Cool Climate Regions of the United States and Canada

By J. Stephen Casscles

Softcover: 8"x10"

272 pages with photographs and illustrations Color photo insert

ISBN: 978-0-9825208-3-3

US $ 29.99 This easy-to-use reference guide contains

descriptions of more than 150 hybrid varie-ties. The author, Joseph Casscles, has been a Hudson Valley grape grower and

winemaker for more than 30 years.

For media inquiries, book requests, please contact:

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To Buy or Not to Buy:

Influencing Customers throughout the

Consumer Decision Making Process

DEBRA WOOD P EROSIO

C H A R L E S H . D Y S O N S C H O O L O F A P P L I E D

E C O N O M I C S A N D M A N A G E M E N T

C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y

Haveyoueverwalkeddownthestreetandsmelledaburgerbeingcharcoalgrilled?Orhowaboutwhenyouareinasupermarketandyousmellbreadbaking?Allofasuddenthecravingsstart,andbeforeyouknowit,afreshloafofbreadisinyourshoppingcart!Howdothesearomascre‐atesuchastrongurgewhenjustafewminutesearlieryouhadnointentionofpurchasingfreshbread?

Consumerbehaviorisadisciplinethathelpstoexplainwhypeoplebuywhattheybuy.Itisimportantformarketerstounderstandconsum‐erbehavior,sotheycanin luencetheirtargetmar‐ketthroughouttheconsumerdecisionmakingprocess.Speci icexamplesofstrategiesamarketermightconsidertoin luenceacustomer’spurchasedecisionareoutlinedbelow.

Thediagrambelowillustratestheconsum‐erbuyingprocess.

ProblemrecognitionAproblemisrecognizedwhenaconsumer

experiencesanimbalancebetweentheirpresentandpreferredstate.Typicallysometypeofstimu‐lustriggersthisimbalance…maybethatchargrilledsmelloranadvertisementforanewrestaurant.Certainlyafrozencomputerorakneeinjurycancreateaproblemthatbegsforimmediateatten‐tion.Many“imbalances”arecreatedbymarketersthroughtheirpromotionaleffortsandcanoccurateverystepintheconsumerdecisionmakingpro‐cess.

Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:Creat‐

inganImbalance Createirresistiblearomas Positionaproducttomakeitcool…createan

imagesothatconsumersthinktheycan’tlivewithoutit…Appledoesagreatjobwiththis!

Focusyourdiscussionaroundsafety…thinkaboutADTadsandLifeAlertAds

“Health”isanexcellentfocusareaofpromo‐tionalefforts….productsthatpromotebetterhealtharepopularwithconsumerstoday

Appealtoconsumers’senseofself,lifestyleandtheiraspirations.Kashidoesagreatjobofap‐pealingtoconsumerswhoseethemselvesashealthypeoplewholoveadventureandtheoutdoors

InformationsearchDependingonthemagnitudeoftheimbalanceaconsumermayneedtoinitiateaninformationsearch.Followingthearomaoftheburgerdownthestreetisasimplesearchwhile ixingacomput‐er,seekingmedicaladviceorlearningmoreabouttheAppleWatchsuggestsamorecomplextimeintensiveinformationsearchiswarranted.

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September 2015

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Informationsearchesaremorecomplexandlengthywhentheconsequencesofthepur‐chaseholdgreatimportancetotheconsumer.Iftheburgeryouarechasingdowndoesn’tturnouttobedelicious,it’snobigdeal;however,ifthedoc‐toryouselectforyourkneeinjuryislessthancom‐petent,theconsequencescanbeserious.

Verysimpleinformationsearchesaredone“internally.”Youthinkaboutwhichrestaurantsareinthearea,makeadecision,andyou’redone.Oth‐er,morecomplexsearchesrequirean“external”informationsearchutilizingwebsites,brochures,advertisements,magazines,etc.toprovidethein‐formationnecessarytomakeaninformeddecision.Theseexternalinformationsourcesarewheremarketerscanin luencetheirtargetmarket.

Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:In lu‐

encingtheinformationsearch Makesureinformationaboutyourbusinessis

“everywhere”thatconsumersareandonevery“screen.”Ifaconsumerneedsinformationaboutanewcomputeroranorthopedicsur‐geon,theinformationshouldbeeasilyavailableandavailableinmanyforms.Toomanyclicks,awebpagethatwillnotload,ornowebsiteatallwilldeterpotentialcustomers.Ifyouarepro‐motingarestaurant,makesurethemenuiseasytoaccessonmobiledevices,computersandtablets.

Ifyouhaveasmalllocalbusiness,post lyersinpublicplaceslikethepostof iceorgrocerystore.Putthe lyerswhereyourcustomerswillbe!

Don’tbeafraidtoadvertisethe“oldfashionway”withprintads, lyers,brochuresandtear‐offsheets.Dependingonyourtargetaudienceandthetypeofproductorserviceoffered,a ly‐ermaybemoreeffectivethanacomplexsocialmediacampaignoranexpensiveadinalocalnewspaper.

EvaluateAlternativesAstheinformationsearchevolves,alistofalterna‐tivesisgenerated.Sometimesthelistisshortandsimple…I’llfollowthesmelltotheburger,whileothertimesitislongerandmorecomplex.Ascon‐

sumerssiftthroughalternativestheytendtorankorderthem;thosewiththeattributesthataremostimportantrisetothetopofthelist.Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:In luenc‐ingcustomerrankings Itiscriticalthatconsumersunderstandwhat

makesyourproductorserviceunique.Whatev‐erthatuniquefeatureisshouldbethefocalpointofallpromotionalefforts.ThinkaboutVolvo(safety),Wal‐Mart(price),Wegmans(fresh).Thestrongerthepositioning,thebetterchancethatyourtargetmarketwillrecognizeyourproductandplaceitatthetopofthelist!

Purchase

Afteranimbalancehasbeencreated,aninfor‐mationsearchconducted,andthealternativeshavebeenevaluated,apurchasedecisionfollows.Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:Closingthesale Oneofthemosteffectivewaysto“closethe

sale”isbyofferingsometypeofpromotionordiscountthatenticesconsumerstotaketheplunge.Formany,everydayconsumerproductsorlowrisk/lowpricepurchases,adiscountorincentivewillconvertaconsumer’sinterestin‐toapurchase.

Formorecomplex,highrisk/highpricepur‐chases,personalinteractionwiththeconsumerisimportanttohelpclosethedeal.Apleasantconversationwiththeadministratorsettingupyourappointmentwithanorthopedicsurgeonmayhelpaconsumerfeelcomfortablewiththeirchoice.

PostPurchaseEvaluationDidyouevergetaproducthomeandwonderwhatwereyouthinkingwhenyoupurchasedit?Buyer’sremorseisnotuncommonparticularlywhendeal‐ingwithmorecostlypurchases. Strategiesformarketerstoconsider:Minimizingbuyer’sremorse Thebestwaytokeepyourcustomershappy

evenafterthesaleiswithfollow‐uppost‐

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purchaseactions,especiallyformorecostly/riskypurchases.Aphonecall,email,orletterworksgreat.

Keepcustomersinvolvedwiththecompanyaf‐terthepurchasewithsocialmedia…enticethemto“like”or“follow”youonFacebookortwitter.

Offerincentivesonfuturepurchases.

Therearemanyplacesthroughoutthecon‐sumerdecisionmakingprocessthatmarketerscaninterveneand“nudge”peopletowardtheirprod‐uctsorservices.Thisshouldbeanall‐outeffortwithastrategicplaninplacethatin luencescus‐tomersduringeachstepoftheconsumerdecisionmakingprocess.Hopefullywithagreatplaninplace,moresaleswillbeclosed!

DebraWoodPerosioisaSeniorLecturerintheCharles

H.DysonSchoolofAppliedEconomicsandManagementatCor‐nellUniversity.Shecanbereachedat:djp7@cornell.edu“SmartMarketing”isamarketingnewsletterforextensionpublicationinlocalnewsletters.Pastarticlesareavailableathttp://agribusiness.dyson.cornell.edu/SmartMarketing/index.html.

Carrot Variety Trial Summary - 2015 CRYSTAL STEWART

Keyconclusions:Therearesigni icantdifferencesinyield,qualityandmarketabilityofcommerciallyavailablecarrots,withsomeofthenewervarie‐tiesprovidingclearimprovementsoveroldstand‐ards.Introduction:FreshmarketgrowersinEasternNewYorkhavebeenaskingforanevaluationofavailablecarrotvarietiesformanyyears,inpartduetoanincreaseinfoliardiseaseproblemsonmanyfarmsandinpartduetodemandforthenexthighyielding,highqualityroot.Anassessmentof31currentlyavailablevarietieshelpedtostartansweringthisquestion,whilealsoleadingtoaddi‐tionalquestionsabouthowtogrowabettercarrotonavarietyofsoiltypes.Background:ThecarrotvarietytrialwasplantedattheHudsonValleyFarmHubinHurley,NYonJune26th.Thetrialwasplantedwithnon‐pelletizedseedusinganOlimpiaGaspardovacuumprecisionplanteratarateof30seedsperfootinatwo‐inchband.Thetrialwasgrownorganically,withopti‐mumfertilityandfairlygoodweedcontrol.CarrotswereharvestedonSeptember25th.Three,twenty‐footsamplesofeachvarietywereusedforevalua‐tion.Results:Thecarrotsvarieddramaticallyintheiryield,withsomeofthenewvarietiesleadingtheieldandsomeoldervarietieshavingthelowestyields.Thisinformationisshowngraphicallybe‐low,witherrorbarsindicatingwhichcarrotsarestatisticallydifferentfromeachother.Ifagraphline(blue)doesnotoverlapwiththeerrorbarsaroundit,thecarrotyieldsarestatisticallydiffer‐ent.Barswhichoverlaparenumericallybutnotstatisticallydifferent.

ENY COMMERCIAL

HORTICULTURE

UPCOMING WINTER

LOCAL PROGRAMS

February15,2016.

NortheastNYTreeFruitSchool.LakeGeorge,NY.

February16‐17,2016.

HudsonValleyFruitSchool–TreeFruitSessions.

February18,2016.

HudsonValleyFruitSchool–BerryandGrapesession.

New Dates Added Regularly at:

http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/

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0

5

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25

30

35

40

45

WEIGHT (LBS)

VARIETIES

Mean weight of carrot varieties  in a 20‐foot sample

Inadditiontototalyield,wealsomeasuredthepercentofeachvarietythatwasmarketable,andextrapolatedyieldstoo100‐footandone‐acre.Theseextrapolationsarebasedontheyieldpickedfromthethreetwentyfootsections.TableOneshowsthesenumbers,withvarietiesrankedfromhighestmarketableyieldtolowest. Therewerealsomanyqualitativediffer‐encesbetweenthevarieties,includingnotabledif‐ferencesinAlternariasusceptibilityofthefoliage.Thebesttopsincludedsomeofthetopyieldingva‐rietiessuchasEnvy,Magnum,Naval,andGold in‐ger( igure1).OlderstandardssuchasScarletNantes,CorelessAmsterdam,andMokumdidnotfareaswellwithAlternariaresistanceoryield,nordidsomenewarrivalssuchasSiroccoorNevis.Tasteisofcourseakeywhenconsideringvarieties,andgrowersratedthisqualityduringatwilightmeetingwherewelookedatthetrial.Thefavored

varietywasBaltimore,withEnvyandJulianaalsobeingfavorites.

Anotherqualitywhichwasevaluatedcare‐fullyduringthistrialwassusceptibilitytocrack‐ing.Thisplotwasnotirrigated,andprecipitationwasquitevariableduringthisgrowingseason.Af‐teraboutamonthofdryweather,wereceivedasaturatingrainfall.Theseconditionsarenotidealforgrowingcarrotsbutareidealforshowingwhichvarietieswillholdupduringchallengingconditions.Someofthesamefavoritesrosetothetop,whilevarietiessuchasScarletNantes,Bel‐grado(aprocessingcarrot),andJulianahadsigni i‐cantcullsduetocracking(Figure2).Notablythisisanissuewhichmightberesolvedbycarefulirri‐gationmanagement. 

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Variety % Marketable Total yield (lb) in 60' Yield/100'

Yield per acre at 17200 row feet/

acre

Envy 78% 99.7 166 28,566

Cupal 78% 65.7 110 18,834

Goldfinger 78% 78.7 131 22,561

Carson 75% 71.9 120 20,611

Vitana 74% 76.0 127 21,787

Nelson 73% 56.6 94 16,225

Romance 73% 77.5 129 22,217

Navarino 72% 62.7 105 17,974

Miami 71% 63.4 106 18,175

Nelson 70% 69.1 115 19,809

Magnum 70% 83.5 139 23,937

Baltimore 69% 48.7 81 13,946

Crofton 67% 35.3 59 10,119

Rainbow 66% 53.6 89 15,365

Berlin 66% 67.1 112 19,235

Naval 66% 80.3 134 23,019

Norwalk 65% 34.4 57 9,861

Belgrado 64% 80.1 133 22,948

SV2384DL 62% 74.7 125 21,417

Napoli 62% 75.3 125 21,572

Ingot 60% 69.7 116 19,981

Mokum 60% 44.9 75 12,871

Siroco 59% 32.4 54 9,288

Nerja 59% 48.7 81 13,961

Bejo 2976 58% 31.4 52 9,001

Juliana 57% 69.6 116 19,938

White Satin 55% 63.6 106 18,232

Newhall 52% 47.0 78 13,473

Nayarit 50% 51.1 85 14,649

Nevis 48% 32.0 53 9,173

Coreless Am-sterdam 44% 41.9 70 12,011

Scarlett Nantes 39% 27.8 46 7,969

Figure 1: Varieties with good tops.

Images: Anne Bloomfield, HVFH

Table One: Varieties ranked by marketable yield

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Conclusions:NewervarietiessuchasEnvy,Mag‐num,Naval,andGold ingershowpromiseinre‐placingoldervarietiessuchasCorelessAmster‐dam,Mokum,andScarletNantes.Carefulselectionfromavailablenewvarietiescanyieldcarrotswhicharesmooth,straight,good‐tasting,andhavequalitytops.Aswithanytrial,growersshouldre‐memberthatvarietiescouldrespondverydiffer‐entlyontheirsoilsandintheirmicroclimate.Wealwaysrecommenddoingyourowntrialingtocomparecurrentvarietiestonewonesineachuniquesystem. Inordertoseepicturesofeachofthevarie‐tiesgrowninthistrial,visitourwebsiteathttp://enych.cce.cornell.edu/andclickonthecarrotstab.Ifyouhavespeci icquestions,pleaseemailCrystalatcls263@cornell.eduorcall518.775.0018.

Additionalresearchquestions:Thistrialcreatedabroadbasefromwhichtoevaluateavarietyoffresh‐marketcarrotvarietiesofbothImperatorandNanteslineage.Anotheryearoftrialdatawillhelpdetermineiftheresultsobservedthisyearweretypicalforeachvariety.Additionally,replicat‐ingthetrialwithirrigationwillalsoprovideusefulinformationabouthoweachvarietyperformsun‐deridealconditions. Thequestionofhowridgecultivationaffectsdeep‐rootedcropsstillremainsfollowingthistrial.Comparing latground,raised‐bedandridgeculti‐vationforgerminationrates,marketableyield,andoverallqualityisanotheravenueforfuturere‐search.ThisresearchwasfundedinpartthroughagrantfromtheNewWorldFoundation.ManythanksforthesupportoftheFarmHubcrewformaintainingtheresearchplotsandassistingwith

Figure 2: Carrot varieties showing susceptibility to

cracking.

Images: Anne Bloomfield, HVFH

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Farm Food Safety Training with GAPs

A Produce Safety Workshop DECEMB ER 14 - 1 5

8 :30 AM – 4PM

CCE OR ANGE C OUNTY

18 SEWARD AVENUE, MI DDLETOWN, NY, 10940

Co‐sponsoredby:CornellCooperativeExtensionOrangeandUlsterCounties,CornellUniversity‐TheNationalGAPsProgram&TheProduceSafetyAlliance,andTheLocalEconomiesProjectofTheNewWorldFoundation.Goalsofthisworkshop: UnderstandhowGAPs(GoodAgriculturalPractices)impactproducesafetyonyourfarm Learnwhatisneededtoparticipateina3rdpartyaudit Beginwritingafarmfoodsafetyplantoimplementpractices

Day 1: Agenda

8:30amRegistration,Refreshments,WelcomeandIntroductions,introductiontoLocalEconomiesProject

8:45am FoodSafetyBeginsontheFarm:ReviewofProduceSafetyIssues&MarketImplica‐

tions 9:30am IntroductiontoBuyerRequirements,3rdPartyAudits,andRegulations 9:50am Break 10:10am USDAGAPsAudits:AnOverview,NYSDAM 11:10am GAPs:RecordkeepingandWorkerTraining 11:40amGAPs:Traceability&Transportation 12:15pm Lunch 1:00pm GAPs:ProductionWaterManagement 1:45pm GAPs:PostharvestWaterUse&PackinghouseSanitation 2:30pm Break 2:45pm GAPs:Manure,Compost,andWildlifeManagement 3:05pm RegulatoryUpdates:FSMA&TheProposedProduceRule 3:30pm DevelopingaFarmFoodSafetyPlan

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3:45pm WhattoExpectinDay2,WhattoBring,BagofResources,andEvaluations

4:00 pm Adjourn

Day 2 Agenda: Writing Your Own Farm Food Safety Plan 8:30 am Computer set up and check of software 9:00 am Walk through of USB drive materials 9:30 am Begin working on individual farm food safety plans 10:00 am Continue working on your own farm food safety plan (Breaks as needed) 11:30 am Discussion: How is it going? (Time as long as needed) Noon Lunch 12:45 pm Continue working on your own farm food safety plan (Breaks as needed) 2:30 pm Reach a stopping point on your plan 2:45 pm Wrap up and Course Evaluation 3:00 pm Adjourn Bring the following items with you on day 2 of the workshop

Laptop computer unless you reserved one of ours in advance

A list of crops you want to be certified in (if planning to participate in an audit)

Farm maps with fields outlined

If you have a packinghouse, bring a packinghouse floor plan that shows product flow from the time it enters the

packinghouse until it leaves. Can be hand drawn and simple.

A list of services you have contracted. This may include pest control, portable toilet rental/servicing, trucking/

transportation, etc. and any recordkeeping documents they supply.

Lots of questions!

Participants will be provided with:

A flash drive pre-loaded with templates to use in writing your own farm food safety plan including templates of

recordkeeping forms

Bag of Resources: Farm Worker Training CD, A Grower Self Assessment for Food Safety Risks, Posters, Magnets,

Coloring Book, and Photonovellas

Sign Up for this GAPs training Contact Erik Schellenberg at jk2642@ cornell.edu or call 845-344-1234

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Calendar of EventsDecember8‐10,2015.GreatLakesFruit,Vegeta‐ble,andFarmMarketEXPOandMichiganGreen‐houseGrowersExpo.http://www.glexpo.com/# December15‐17,2015.NewEnglandVegetableandFruitConference.http://www.newenglandvfc.org/ January7‐9,2016.NorthAmericanStrawberryGrowersConference,Savannah,Georgia.Heldincon‐junctionwiththeSoutheastRegionalFruitandVegetableCon‐ference.http://www.seregionalconference.com/ January19‐21,2016.EmpireStateProducersEXPO.Syracuse,NY.http://nysvga.org/expo/information/February2‐4,2016.Mid‐AtlanticFruitandVege‐tableConvention,Hershey,PA.http://www.mafvc.org/February9‐11,2016.NJAgriculturalConventionandTradeShow,AtlanticCity,NJ.http://www.njveggies.org/conventionMarch2‐4,2016.NorthAmericanRaspberryandBlackberryConference,ColonialWilliamsburginWilliamsburg,VA.http://www.raspberryblackberry.com/

ENY COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE LOCAL PROGRAMS

February15,2016.NortheastNYTreeFruitSchool.LakeGeorge,NY.February16‐17,2016.HudsonValleyFruitSchool–TreeFruitSessions.February18,2016.HudsonValleyFruitSchool–BerryandGrapesession.

New Dates Added Regularly at: http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/

2016 Enrollment for ENYCHP

Commences in December! The Cornell Cooperative Extension Eastern NY Commer-cial Horticulture Program (ENYCHP) covers 17 counties in eastern NY (Albany, Clinton, Columbia, Dutchess, Essex, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, Schenectady, Ulster, Warren and Washington Counties). The ENYCHP consists of 13 spe-cialists that provide research and educational information to the growers and others involved in the tree fruit, small fruit, vegetable and grape industries. The specialists work closely with Cornell University faculty and other industry staff to provide growers with the most up to date produc-tion, marketing and pest management information in the region. YouareinvitedtoenrollintheENYCHProgramfor2016.Thecosttoenrollis$100for1year(taxde‐ductiblebusinessexpense)andcoincideswiththenewcalendaryearstartingJanuary1.Belowareafewofthebene itsyouwillreceiveforyour$100enrollmentintheENYCHP: 1freeCornellUniversityCommercialIntegrat‐

edPestManagementGuidelines Yourchoiceof4seasonalnewsletters TheProducePages—theENYCHPwinternews‐

letterpublication AccesstocuttingedgeresearchandExtension

Educatorswithexperienceandexpertiseintheir ield

Localandregionalmeetingannouncements Discountedeventregistrationforenrolled

ENYCHPmembers(whenapplicable) NYSDECpesticideapplicatorandspecialper‐

mittrainingsoffered Special,timelyalertsonimportantpestsout‐

breaksinthearea

Look for enrollment forms in the mail and through your email. On-line enrollment will be available in early Decem-ber. Orange County participants should enroll through their CCE at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.cce.cornell.edu/attachments/11754/Ag_enrollment_2015_legal.pdf?1447185740 Thank you for your support!

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Cornell Cooperative Extension and the staff assume no liability for the effectiveness of results of any chemicals for pesticide use. No endorsement of any product is made or implied. Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete, and current pesticide recommendations. Nevertheless, changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are still possible. These recommendations are not substitutes for pesticide labeling. Please read the label before applying any pesticide. Where trade names are used, no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied by Cornell Cooperative Extension.    

Diversity and Inclusion are a part of Cornell University’s heritage. We are a recognized  employer and educator valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities. 

The Cooperative Extension Association    of Rensselaer County Agriculture and Life Sciences Building 61 State Street, Troy, NY 12180  

Non‐Profit U.S. Postage Paid 

Albany, NY Permit #937 

AGRICULTURAL & FOOD BUSINESS OUTLOOK CONFERENCE WEDNES DAY, JANUARY 20 , 2016

B25 WARREN HALL ,CORNELL U NIVERSITY CAMPUS, ITHACA, NY New York agricultural leaders learn about the short‐and long‐term outlook for agriculture and agricultural products. Breakout 

sessions concentrate on dairy, grains and feed, and hor cultural products. By a ending, you will: 

Be er understand cri cal issues facing agriculture in New York and the Northeast  Learn about the near‐term outlook for major New York commodi es  Interact with fellow leaders of the vibrant New York agricultural industry Registration:$65byJanuary4,2016.(RegistrationsafterJanuary4willbe$80.).ParkingPermit(requiredforon‐campusparking)additional$10.Registrationandmoreinformationcanbeseen/isbeingaddedat:http://dyson.cornell.edu/outlook/economic‐outlook‐conferenceQuestionsortoregisterbyphone:ContactGretchenGilbert,gcg4@cornell.edu,607‐254‐1281Theregistrationfeeincludesmorningrefreshmentsandlunch.(LunchlocationTBD.)Otherdiningoptionsoncampusareavailable,atyourownexpense. http://www.campuslife.cornell.edu/campuslife/dining/eateries.cfm

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