THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

America at the turn of the century was at best a rough place

Technology and Industry grew at such a great rate that the government and most citizens were unprepared to deal with its effects

Philosophies like laissez-faire and Social Darwinism combined to create an America that cared little for the everyday man

1. PROGRESSIVISM AND MUCKRAKERS

Eventually citizens, average people, arose to complain about these conditions and demand change.

The demand for change, or progress, was known as the Progressive Movement

Muckraker: journalists and photographers who brought reform issues to the public’s attention. (The term is a negative one) It’s based on a literary character, which was so busy cleaning and raking up the muck and dirt that he didn’t see the good things that were around him.

1. PROGRESSIVISM AND MUCKRAKERS

Powerful monopolies Political corruption Labor unrest Abuse of natural resources Immigration problems Urban living conditions African American rights Women’s rights Many people and groups looked now for the national

government to fix the country’s problems

2. REASON FOR REFORM

Clean Up Government The objective of the local and state governments was to

control the Bosses, who controlled local political power

Local government took over the control of public utilities and broke up monopolies like water and garbage

Robert LaFollette, a Senator and Governor who pushed for reforms in: civil service, shift tax burden to the wealthy and corporations, workers compensation and factory inspections and regulation of railroads.

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Clean Up Government Secret Ballots: to prevent the Bosses from knowing for whom or

what they voted

Initiative: voters petition legislatures to consider proposed laws

Referendum: voters consider if a law should be passed

Recall: petitions to force elected officials out of office

17th Amendment: direct elections of Senators (used to be done by state legislatures, which were influenced by political machines)

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Boss Tweed and Political Machines reading

Protecting Consumer and Employee Safety Upton Sinclair: wrote the book, The Jungle which was about

the corruption of the American meatpacking industry.

Meat Inspection Act: government inspects meat for interstate trade

Pure Food and Drug Act: an act to regulate dishonest labeling of ingredients and strict sanitary conditions

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Read the excerpt from The Jungle and create the book cover (front and back)

Protecting Consumer and Employee Safety Child labor: they received between 33-67 cents per week,

while an adult worker in Rhode Island earns between $2- $3 a week

Nearly a million kids working by 1900

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Protecting Consumer and Employee Safety Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire in New York City on

March 25, 1911, was the largest industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York

Caused the death of 148 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Show video of Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire from Safari Montage

Use any resource (phone, tablet, BOOK, notes) to define REFORM, PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT, AND MUCKRAKERS.

Provide a visual for each.

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3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Women Make Progress Women’s right movement has been closely associated with

other movements such as Abolition, Prohibition & Civil Rights

Women were expected to be domestic housewives

Women were not able to hold public office or vote

Majority didn’t get a college education or have equal wages

Could not serve on juries and could not control their own money if married – a man could punish his wife as well

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Women Make Progress The 1800’s “Seneca Falls Convention” gave birth to the

Women’s rights movement, which was held in Seneca Falls, New York

Suffrage = means the right to vote

The Women’s Suffrage movement was led by Elizabeth Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and Lucretia Mott

1872: Susan B. Anthony led a group of women to the polls and was arrested for trying to vote

Woman arrested

for trying to vote

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

Women Make Progress Alice Paul

She was part of the National Women’s Party She caused dissension with her militant style Tried to get an Equal Rights Amendment

19th Amendment The Anti-Suffrage movement argued that voting would make women

masculine and they already have enough power World War I brought support to the women’s movement Women’s Suffrage Amendment was first introduced to Congress in

1878, the bill finally got passed in 1919 (40 years later)

19th Amendment – gave all citizens the right to vote and one cannot be denied on the account of sex.

Use any resource (phone, tablet, BOOK, notes) to define and provide a visual for each:

DIRECT PRIMARYINITIATIVEREFERENDUMRECALL SETTLEMENT HOUSE

GRAB A TEXTBOOK WHEN COMPLETE.

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DIRECT PRIMARY - A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public offi ce are nominated by direct vote of the people

INITIATIVE- A means through which any citizen or organization may gather a predetermined number of signatures to qualify a measure to be placed on a ballot, and to be voted upon in a future election.

REFERENDUM- In which a predetermined number of signatures (typically lower than the number required for an initiative) qualifies a ballot measure for repealing a specific act of the legislature.

RECALL-  a procedure by which voters can remove an elected offi cial from offi ce through a direct vote before his or her term has ended.

SETTLEMENT HOUSE- is a neighborhood-based organization that provides services and activities designed to identify and reinforce the strengths of individuals, families and communities

Use any resource (phone, tablet, BOOK, notes) to define what each amendment did:

16th amendment17th amendment18th amendment 19th amendment

WRITE IT IN ON THE BOTTOM

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16th amendment – income tax17th amendment – direct election of senators

18th amendment – prohibition of alcohol19th amendment – women’s suffrage

Promoting Moral Improvements Temperance Movement

Composed of groups (women and religious) who opposed to the making and consuming of alcohol

Supported 18th Amendment (1919) prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages

3. GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVES

ROBERT LA FOLLETTEProgressive Governor

Fought for reforms that expanded democracy, increased government effi ciency, and protected natural resources.

IDA TARBELL

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Muckraker

Wrote – History of Standard Oi l Company to expose Rockefel ler

Lincoln Steff ens – Shame of Cit ies

Other Muckrakers:Jacob Ri is – “How the other…”

Upton Sinclair -

FOOD INSPECTION

Hundreds of American soldiers died in Spanish American War from eating tainted meat.

Pure Food and Drug Act

TEDDY ROOSEVELT Reputation of a “Trustbuster” breaking up monopol ies.

Government should regulate business and regulate irresponsible ones.

NATIONAL WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

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17 t h amendment – direct election of Senators

19 t h amendment – Women’s suff rage

W.E.B. DU BOIS

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Most prominent leader of the National Associat ion for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Fought against the concept that Afr ican Americans were infer ior.

Use any resource (phone, tablet, BOOK, notes) to define:

Bull Moose PartyTenement

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