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THE PROPANE TECHNICALPOCKET GUIDE

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The Propane Technical Pocket Guide

The Propane Technical Pocket Guide is intended to be a general reference of information on preparing for the installation of propane systems. It provides key data and answers important questions that are relevant to construction professionals planning to incorporate propane in their construction projects.

This guide is not intended to conflict with federal, state, or local ordinances or pertinent industry regulations, including National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 54 and 58. These should be observed at all times.

The Propane Technical Pocket Guide must not be considered a replacement for proper training on the installation and start-up of propane systems. Propane system installations should always be performed by trained propane professionals. For more information go to propanesafety.com.

1

Table of Contents

2 PROFESSIONALLY ACCREDITED TRAINING

3 PROPERTIES OF GAS

6 VAPOR PRESSURE OF GAS

7 DETERMINING TOTAL LOAD

9 VAPORIZATION RATES

11 CONTAINER LOCATION AND INSTALLATION

14 PIPE AND TUBING SIZING

16 GAS PIPING INLET POSITIONING

17 CONVERSION FACTORS

2 3

Professionally Accredited Training

The Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) provides free AIA-, NAHB-, USGBC-, and NARI-approved continuing education courses. Fulfill your CEU requirements today at buildwithpropane.com/training.

Energy Efficiency• GoGreenWithPropane:AnOverviewofPropaneGasSystemsfor

GreenResidentialConstruction

• Propane-EnhancedRenewableEnergySystems

• ResidentialEnergyPerformanceUpgrades:AnEnergy,Economic,andEnvironmentalAnalysis

• Understandingthe2009IECCEnergyCode,AdvancedEfficiencyPrograms,andTheirImplicationsforPropane

• EnergyandEnvironmentalAnalysisofPropaneEnergyPodHomes

Generators• SpecifyingPropaneStandbyGenerators:InstallationandValue

Considerations

• LivingOff-Grid:PowerGenerationandStorageBasics

Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialHeatingSystems

• HydronicHeatinginRuralResidentialApplications

• PropaneEnhancedSolarWaterHeating

• RetrofittingHomesfromHeatingOiltoPropane:Efficiency,Economic,andEnvironmentalBenefits

• HeatingOilConversion:ExploringPropaneasaViableAlternativeEnergySource

Outdoor Living• ExpandingOutdoorLiving:UsingPropaneforEfficientand

SustainableOutdoorLiving

• InnovationsWithPropaneGasforOutdoorResidentialUse

Propane Systems• CommunityPropaneTanks:Economical,Environmentally

ResponsibleEnergyWithoutGeographicLimits

• PropaneGasUndergroundSystems:ResidentialInfrastructureRequirementsandEnergyBenefits

Water Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialWaterHeatingSystems

• WaterHeaters:RetrofittingfromStandardElectrictoGasTankless

• CondensingTanklessWaterHeaters:UsingPropanefortheMostEfficientWaterHeatersontheMarket

2 3

Professionally Accredited Training

The Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) provides free AIA-, NAHB-, USGBC-, and NARI-approved continuing education courses. Fulfill your CEU requirements today at buildwithpropane.com/training.

Energy Efficiency• GoGreenWithPropane:AnOverviewofPropaneGasSystemsfor

GreenResidentialConstruction

• Propane-EnhancedRenewableEnergySystems

• ResidentialEnergyPerformanceUpgrades:AnEnergy,Economic,andEnvironmentalAnalysis

• Understandingthe2009IECCEnergyCode,AdvancedEfficiencyPrograms,andTheirImplicationsforPropane

• EnergyandEnvironmentalAnalysisofPropaneEnergyPodHomes

Generators• SpecifyingPropaneStandbyGenerators:InstallationandValue

Considerations

• LivingOff-Grid:PowerGenerationandStorageBasics

Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialHeatingSystems

• HydronicHeatinginRuralResidentialApplications

• PropaneEnhancedSolarWaterHeating

• RetrofittingHomesfromHeatingOiltoPropane:Efficiency,Economic,andEnvironmentalBenefits

• HeatingOilConversion:ExploringPropaneasaViableAlternativeEnergySource

Outdoor Living• ExpandingOutdoorLiving:UsingPropaneforEfficientand

SustainableOutdoorLiving

• InnovationsWithPropaneGasforOutdoorResidentialUse

Propane Systems• CommunityPropaneTanks:Economical,Environmentally

ResponsibleEnergyWithoutGeographicLimits

• PropaneGasUndergroundSystems:ResidentialInfrastructureRequirementsandEnergyBenefits

Water Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialWaterHeatingSystems

• WaterHeaters:RetrofittingfromStandardElectrictoGasTankless

• CondensingTanklessWaterHeaters:UsingPropanefortheMostEfficientWaterHeatersontheMarket

3

Table 1A. Approximate Properties of Gases (English)

PROPERTYPropane NaturalGas

C3H8 CH4

InitialBoilingPoint -44 -259

SpecificGravityofLiquid(Waterat1.0)at60°F

0.504 n/a

WeightperGallonofLiquidat60°F,LB

4.2 n/a

SpecificHeatofLiquid,Btu/LBat60°F

0.63 n/a

CubicFeetofVaporperGallonat60°F

36.38 n/a

CubicFeetofVaporperPoundat60°F

8.66 23.55

SpecificGravityofVapor(Air=1.0)at60°F

1.5 0.6

IgnitionTemperatureinAir,°F 920–1120 1301

MaximumFlameTemperatureinAir,°F

3595 2834

CubicFeetofAirRequiredtoBurnOneCubicFootofGas

23.68 9.57

LimitsofFlammabilityinAir,%ofVaporinAir-GasMix:(a)Lower(b)Upper

2.159.6

515

LatentHeatofVaporizationatBoilingPoint:(a)BtuperPound(b)BtuperGallon

184773

219n/a

TotalHeatingValuesAfterVaporization:(a)BtuperCubicFoot(b)BtuperPound(c)BtuperGallon

2,48821,54891,502

1,01228,875n/a

Properties of Propane and Natural Gas (Methane)

4 5

Table 1B. Approximate Properties of Gases (Metric)


C3H8 CH4

InitialBoilingPoint,°C -42 -162

SpecificGravityofLiquid(Waterat1.0)at15.56°C

0.504 n/a

WeightperCubicMeterofLiquidat15.56°C,kg

504 n/a

SpecificHeatofLiquid,Kilojoule/Kilogramat15.56°C

1.464 n/a

CubicMeterofVaporperLiterat15.56°C

0.271 n/a

CubicMeterofVaporperKilogramat15.56°C

0.539 1.470

SpecificGravityofVapor(Air=1.0)at15.56°C

1.50 0.56

IgnitionTemperatureinAir,ºC 493–604 705

MaximumFlameTemperatureinAir,ºC

1,980 1,557

CubicMetersofAirRequiredtoBurnOneCubicMeterofGas

23.86 9.57


2.159.6

5.015.0

LatentHeatofVaporizationatBoilingPoint:(a)KilojouleperKilogram(b)KilojouleperLiter

428216

509n/a

TotalHeatingValuesAfterVaporization:(a)KilojouleperCubicMeter(b)KilojouleperKilogram(c)KilojouleperLiter

92,43049,92025,140

37,70655,533n/a

Properties of Gas (Continued)

4 5

Table 1B. Approximate Properties of Gases (Metric)


C3H8 CH4

InitialBoilingPoint,°C -42 -162

SpecificGravityofLiquid(Waterat1.0)at15.56°C

0.504 n/a

WeightperCubicMeterofLiquidat15.56°C,kg

504 n/a

SpecificHeatofLiquid,Kilojoule/Kilogramat15.56°C

1.464 n/a

CubicMeterofVaporperLiterat15.56°C

0.271 n/a

CubicMeterofVaporperKilogramat15.56°C

0.539 1.470

SpecificGravityofVapor(Air=1.0)at15.56°C

1.50 0.56

IgnitionTemperatureinAir,ºC 493–604 705

MaximumFlameTemperatureinAir,ºC

1,980 1,557

CubicMetersofAirRequiredtoBurnOneCubicMeterofGas

23.86 9.57


2.159.6

5.015.0

LatentHeatofVaporizationatBoilingPoint:(a)KilojouleperKilogram(b)KilojouleperLiter

428216

509n/a

TotalHeatingValuesAfterVaporization:(a)KilojouleperCubicMeter(b)KilojouleperKilogram(c)KilojouleperLiter

92,43049,92025,140

37,70655,533n/a

Properties of Gas (Continued)

5

Table 1C. Energy Content and Environmental Impact of Various Energy Sources

Propane(perft3)

Methane Propane(pergallon)

FuelOil Electricity

EnergyValue2,524Btu/ft3

1,012Btu/ft3

91,500Btu/gal

139,400Btu/gal

3,413Btu/kWh

CO2emis-sions(lbs/MMBtu)

139.2 115.3 139.2 161.4 389.5

SourceEnergyMultipliers*

1.151 1.092 1.151 1.158 3.365

*SourceEnergyMultiplieristhetotalunitsofenergythatgointogeneration,processing,anddeliveryforaparticularenergysourcetoproduceoneunitofenergyatthesite.

6 7

Table 2. Vapor Pressures

TEMPERATUREApproximateVaporPressure,PSIG(bar)

PropanetoButane

ºF ºC 100% 80/20 60/40 50/50 40/60 20/80 100%

-40 -40 3.6(0,25) - - - - - -

-30 -34,4 8(0,55)

4.5(0,31) - - - - -

-20 -28,9 13.5(0,93)

9.2(0,63)

4.9(0,34)

1.9(0,13) - - -

-10 -23,3 20(1,4)

16(1,1)

9(0,62)

6(0,41)

3.5(0,24) - -

0 -17,8 28(1,9)

22(1,5)

15(1,0)

11(0,76)

7.3(0,50) - -

10 -12,2 37(2,6)

29(2,0)

20(1,4)

17(1,2)

13(0,90)

3.4(0,23) -

20 -6,7 47(3,2)

36(2,5)

28(1,9)

23(1,6)

18(1,2)

7.4(0,51) -

30 -1,1 58(4,0)

45(3,1)

35(2,4)

29(2,0)

24(1,7)

13(0,9) -

40 4,4 72(5,0)

58(4,0)

44(3,0)

37(2,6)

32(2,2)

18(1,2)

3(0,21)

50 10 86(5,9)

69(4,8)

53(3,7)

46(3,2)

40(2,8)

24(1,7)

6.9(0,58)

60 15,6 102(7,0)

80(5,5)

65(4,5)

56(3,9)

49(3,4)

30(2,1)

12(0,83)

70 21,1 127(8,8)

95(6,6)

78(5,4)

68(4,7)

59(4,1)

38(2,6)

17(1,2)

80 26,7 140(9,7)

125(8,6)

90(6,2)

80(5,5)

70(4,8)

46(3,2)

23(1,6)

90 32,2 165(11,4)

140(9,7)

112(7,7)

95(6,6)

82(5,7)

56(3,9)

29(2,0)

100 37,8 196(13,5)

168(11,6)

137(9,4)

123(8,5)

100(6,9)

69(4,8)

36(2,5)

110 43,3 220(15,2)

185(12,8)

165(11,4)

148(10,2)

130(9,0)

80(5,5)

45(3,1)

TableadaptedfromLP-GasServiceman’sHandbook2012

Vapor Pressure of Gas

Vaporpressurecanbedefinedastheforceexertedbyagasorliquidattemptingtoescapefromacontainer.Thispressuremovesgasalongthepipeortubingtotheapplianceburner.

Outsidetemperaturegreatlyaffectscontainerpressure.Lowertemperaturemeanslowercontainerpressure.Toolowacontainerpressuremeansthatnotenoughgasisabletogettotheappliance.

Thetablebelowshowsvaporpressuresforpropaneandbutaneatvariousoutsidetemperatures.

6 7

Table 2. Vapor Pressures

TEMPERATUREApproximateVaporPressure,PSIG(bar)

PropanetoButane

ºF ºC 100% 80/20 60/40 50/50 40/60 20/80 100%

-40 -40 3.6(0,25) - - - - - -

-30 -34,4 8(0,55)

4.5(0,31) - - - - -

-20 -28,9 13.5(0,93)

9.2(0,63)

4.9(0,34)

1.9(0,13) - - -

-10 -23,3 20(1,4)

16(1,1)

9(0,62)

6(0,41)

3.5(0,24) - -

0 -17,8 28(1,9)

22(1,5)

15(1,0)

11(0,76)

7.3(0,50) - -

10 -12,2 37(2,6)

29(2,0)

20(1,4)

17(1,2)

13(0,90)

3.4(0,23) -

20 -6,7 47(3,2)

36(2,5)

28(1,9)

23(1,6)

18(1,2)

7.4(0,51) -

30 -1,1 58(4,0)

45(3,1)

35(2,4)

29(2,0)

24(1,7)

13(0,9) -

40 4,4 72(5,0)

58(4,0)

44(3,0)

37(2,6)

32(2,2)

18(1,2)

3(0,21)

50 10 86(5,9)

69(4,8)

53(3,7)

46(3,2)

40(2,8)

24(1,7)

6.9(0,58)

60 15,6 102(7,0)

80(5,5)

65(4,5)

56(3,9)

49(3,4)

30(2,1)

12(0,83)

70 21,1 127(8,8)

95(6,6)

78(5,4)

68(4,7)

59(4,1)

38(2,6)

17(1,2)

80 26,7 140(9,7)

125(8,6)

90(6,2)

80(5,5)

70(4,8)

46(3,2)

23(1,6)

90 32,2 165(11,4)

140(9,7)

112(7,7)

95(6,6)

82(5,7)

56(3,9)

29(2,0)

100 37,8 196(13,5)

168(11,6)

137(9,4)

123(8,5)

100(6,9)

69(4,8)

36(2,5)

110 43,3 220(15,2)

185(12,8)

165(11,4)

148(10,2)

130(9,0)

80(5,5)

45(3,1)

TableadaptedfromLP-GasServiceman’sHandbook2012

Vapor Pressure of Gas

Vaporpressurecanbedefinedastheforceexertedbyagasorliquidattemptingtoescapefromacontainer.Thispressuremovesgasalongthepipeortubingtotheapplianceburner.

Outsidetemperaturegreatlyaffectscontainerpressure.Lowertemperaturemeanslowercontainerpressure.Toolowacontainerpressuremeansthatnotenoughgasisabletogettotheappliance.

Thetablebelowshowsvaporpressuresforpropaneandbutaneatvariousoutsidetemperatures.

7

Table 3A. Gas Required for Common Appliances

APPLIANCEApproximateInputBtu/hr

WarmAirFurnaceSingleFamilyMultifamily,perUnit

60,000–120,00040,000–60,000

HydronicBoiler,SpaceHeatingSingleFamilyMultifamily,perUnit

80,000–140,00050,000–80,000

HydronicBoiler,SpaceandWaterHeatingSingleFamilyMultifamily,perUnit

100,000–200,00050,000–100,000

Range,Freestanding,DomesticBuilt-InOvenorBroilerUnit,DomesticBuilt-InTopUnit,Domestic

50,000–90,00014,000–16,00040,000–85,000

WaterHeater,Storage,30to40gal.TankWaterHeater,Storage,50gal.TankWaterHeater,Tankless2.5GPM3GPM4GPMWaterHeater,Domestic,CirculatingorSide-Arm

25,000–50,00030,000–55,00030,000–55,000

115,000–125,000125,000–150,000155,000–200,000

RefrigeratorClothesDryer,Type1(Domestic)GasFireplaceDirectVentGasLogBarbecueGasLight

1,500–2,00018,000–22,00020,000–90,00035,000–90,00040,000–80,0001,400–2,800

TableadaptedfromNewportPartners,2011.

Determining Total Load

ThebestwaytodetermineBtuinputisfromtheappliancenameplateorfromthemanufacturer’scatalog.Addtheinputofalltheappliancesforthetotalload.Ifspecificappliancecapacityinformationisnotavailable,Table3Abelowwillbeuseful.Remembertoallowforappliancesthatmaybeinstalledatalaterdate.

Ifthepropaneloadinstandardcubicfeetperhour(SCFH)isdesired,dividetheBtu/hrloadby2,488togetSCFH.Conversely,theBtu/hrcapacitycanbeobtainedfromSCFHbymultiplyingtheSCFHfigureby2,488.

Figuringthetotalloadaccuratelyismostimportantbecauseofthesizeofthepipeandtubing,thetank,andtheregulatorwillbebasedonthecapacityofthesystemtobeserved.

8 9

Determining Total Load (Continued)

Avarietyofmechanicalsystemsareavailableforspaceheatingandwaterheatinginhomes.Thesesystemshavevaryingenergysourcesandvaryingefficiencylevels.Table3BbelowprovidessimplecalculationsthatallowcontractorsandhomeownerstoestimatethedollarspermillionBtusdepend-ingontheequipmenttype,efficiency,andenergyprice.The“$/MMBtu”figurecanbecomparedacrossdifferentoptionstoevaluatethem.

Table 3B. Operating Costs and Equipment Efficiencies of Residential Space and Water Heating Systems

SPACEHEATINGPricingEstimation

Formula($/MMBtu)

TypicalEquipmentEfficiencyRangesfor

NewerSystems

Propane(furnaceorboiler)

(10.9x$/gal)(AFUE/100)

AFUE:78–98

NaturalGas(furnaceorboiler)

(10x$/therm)(AFUE/100)

AFUE:78–98

FuelOil(furnaceorboiler)

(7.2x$/gal)(AFUE/100)

AFUE:78–95

ElectricResistance

293x$/kWh COP:1.0

ElectricAirSourceHeatPump

(1000x$/kWh)HSPF

HSPF:7.7–13.0

ElectricGroundSourceHeatPump

(293x$/kWh)COP

COP:3.0–4.7

WATERHEATINGPricingEstimation

Formula($/MMBtu)

TypicalStorageWaterHeaterEnergyFactors(EF)

TypicalInstantaneousWaterHeaterEnergyFactor

(EF)

Propane (10.9x$/gal)/EF 0.59–0.67* 0.82–0.98

Methane (10x$/therm)/EF 0.59–0.70* 0.82–0.98

FuelOil (7.2x$/gal)/EF 0.51–0.68 —

ElectricResistance

(293x$/kWh)/EF0.90–0.95 0.93–1.0


(293x$/kWh)/EF2.0–2.51 —

*Residentialandcommercialunitsareavailablewiththermalefficienciesupto96%.

8 9

Determining Total Load (Continued)

Avarietyofmechanicalsystemsareavailableforspaceheatingandwaterheatinginhomes.Thesesystemshavevaryingenergysourcesandvaryingefficiencylevels.Table3BbelowprovidessimplecalculationsthatallowcontractorsandhomeownerstoestimatethedollarspermillionBtusdepend-ingontheequipmenttype,efficiency,andenergyprice.The“$/MMBtu”figurecanbecomparedacrossdifferentoptionstoevaluatethem.

Table 3B. Operating Costs and Equipment Efficiencies of Residential Space and Water Heating Systems

SPACEHEATINGPricingEstimation

Formula($/MMBtu)

TypicalEquipmentEfficiencyRangesfor

NewerSystems

Propane(furnaceorboiler)

(10.9x$/gal)(AFUE/100)

AFUE:78–98

NaturalGas(furnaceorboiler)

(10x$/therm)(AFUE/100)

AFUE:78–98

FuelOil(furnaceorboiler)

(7.2x$/gal)(AFUE/100)

AFUE:78–95

ElectricResistance

293x$/kWh COP:1.0


(1000x$/kWh)HSPF

HSPF:7.7–13.0

ElectricGroundSourceHeatPump

(293x$/kWh)COP

COP:3.0–4.7

WATERHEATINGPricingEstimation

Formula($/MMBtu)

TypicalStorageWaterHeaterEnergyFactors(EF)

TypicalInstantaneousWaterHeaterEnergyFactor

(EF)

Propane (10.9x$/gal)/EF 0.59–0.67* 0.82–0.98

Methane (10x$/therm)/EF 0.59–0.70* 0.82–0.98

FuelOil (7.2x$/gal)/EF 0.51–0.68 —

ElectricResistance

(293x$/kWh)/EF0.90–0.95 0.93–1.0


(293x$/kWh)/EF2.0–2.51 —

*Residentialandcommercialunitsareavailablewiththermalefficienciesupto96%.

9

Vaporization Rates

Thefactorsaffectingvaporizationincludewettedsurfaceareaofthecontainer,liquidlevelinthecontainer,temperatureandhumiditysurroundingthecontainer,andwhetherthecontainerisabovegroundorunderground.

Thetemperatureoftheliquidisproportionaltotheoutsideairtemperature,andthewettedsurfaceareaisthetanksurfaceareaincontactwiththeliquid.Therefore,whentheoutsideairtemperatureislowerorthecontainerhaslessliquidinit,thevaporizationrateofthecontainerisalowervalue.

TodeterminethepropersizeofASMEstoragetanks,itisimportanttoconsiderthelowestwintertemperatureatthelocation.

Seepage10formoreinformation.

10 11

Table 4. Maximum Intermittent Withdrawal Rate (Btu/hr) Without Tank Frosting* If Lowest Outdoor Temperature (Average for 24 Hours) Reaches ...

TEMPERATURETankSize,Gallons(l)

150(568) 250(946) 500(1893) 1000(3785)

40ºF 4°C 214,900 288,100 478,800 852,800

30ºF -1°C 187,000 251,800 418,600 745,600

20ºF -7°C 161,800 216,800 360,400 641,900

10ºF -12°C 148,000 198,400 329,700 587,200

0ºF -18°C 134,700 180,600 300,100 534,500

-10ºF -23°C 132,400 177,400 294,800 525,400

-20ºF -29°C 108,800 145,800 242,300 431,600

-30ºF -34°C 107,100 143,500 238,600 425,000

*Tankfrostingactsasaninsulator,reducingthevaporizationrate.

Vaporization Rates for ASME Storage Tanks

AnumberofassumptionsweremadeincalculatingtheBtufigureslistedinTable4,below:

1Thetankisone-halffull.

2Relativehumidityis70percent.

3Thetankisunderintermittentloading.

Althoughnoneoftheseconditionsmayapply,Table4canstillserveasagoodruleofthumbinestimatingwhataparticulartanksizewillprovideundervarioustemperatures.ThismethodusesASMEtankdimensions,liquidlevel,andaconstantvalueforeach10percentofliquidtoestimatethevaporizationcapacityofagiventanksizeat0°F.Continuousloadingisnotaverycommonoccurrenceondomesticinstallations,butundercontinuousloadingthewithdrawalratesinTable4shouldbemultipliedby0.25.

10 11

Table 4. Maximum Intermittent Withdrawal Rate (Btu/hr) Without Tank Frosting* If Lowest Outdoor Temperature (Average for 24 Hours) Reaches ...

TEMPERATURETankSize,Gallons(l)

150(568) 250(946) 500(1893) 1000(3785)

40ºF 4°C 214,900 288,100 478,800 852,800

30ºF -1°C 187,000 251,800 418,600 745,600

20ºF -7°C 161,800 216,800 360,400 641,900

10ºF -12°C 148,000 198,400 329,700 587,200

0ºF -18°C 134,700 180,600 300,100 534,500

-10ºF -23°C 132,400 177,400 294,800 525,400

-20ºF -29°C 108,800 145,800 242,300 431,600

-30ºF -34°C 107,100 143,500 238,600 425,000

*Tankfrostingactsasaninsulator,reducingthevaporizationrate.

Vaporization Rates for ASME Storage Tanks

AnumberofassumptionsweremadeincalculatingtheBtufigureslistedinTable4,below:

1Thetankisone-halffull.

2Relativehumidityis70percent.

3Thetankisunderintermittentloading.

Althoughnoneoftheseconditionsmayapply,Table4canstillserveasagoodruleofthumbinestimatingwhataparticulartanksizewillprovideundervarioustemperatures.ThismethodusesASMEtankdimensions,liquidlevel,andaconstantvalueforeach10percentofliquidtoestimatethevaporizationcapacityofagiventanksizeat0°F.Continuousloadingisnotaverycommonoccurrenceondomesticinstallations,butundercontinuousloadingthewithdrawalratesinTable4shouldbemultipliedby0.25.

11

Container Location and Installation

OncethepropersizeoftheASMEstoragetankhasbeendetermined,carefulattentionmustbegiventothemostconvenientyetsafeplaceforitslocationonthecustomer’sproperty.

ThecontainershouldbeplacedinalocationpleasingtothecustomerbutnotconflictingwithstateandlocalregulationsorNFPA58,StorageandHandlingofLiquefiedPetroleumGases.Refertothisstandardandconsultwithyourpropaneprofessionaltodeterminetheappropriateplacementofpropanecontainers.

Ingeneral,storagetanksshouldbeplacedinanaccessiblelocationforfilling.Abovegroundtanksshouldbesupportedbyconcreteblocksofappropriatesizeandreinforcement.Allpropanestoragetanksshouldbelocatedawayfromvehiculartraffic.

ForASMEcontainers,thedistancefromanybuildingopenings,externalsourcesofignition,andintakestodirect-ventedgasappliancesormechanicalventilationsystemsareacriticalconsideration.SeeFigures5and6onpages12and13,respectively.

RefertoNFPA58fortheminimumdistancesthatthesecontainersmustbeplacedfromabuildingorotherobjects.

12 13

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um

liquidle

velg

auge

areatleas

t10

ftfrom

any

externa

lsou

rce

ofig

nitio

n(e.g.,op

enflam

e,w

indow

AC,c

ompressor),intake

todire

ct-ven

tedgas

applianc

esorintake

toamec

hanica

lve

ntilatio

nsystem

.

Container Location (Continued)

Figure 5. Aboveground ASME containers. Reproduced with permission from NFPA 58-2011, LiquefiedPetroleumGasCode, Copyright © 2010, National Fire Protection Association. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.

2.The

distanc

emay

bereduc

edtono

lesstha

n10

ftfo

rasing

lecon

tainer

of120

0ga

l(4.5m

3 )w

atercap

acity

orless,p

rovided

su

chcon

tainerisatleas

t25

ftfrom

any

otherLP-G

ascon

tainer

ofm

orethan

125

gal(0

.5m

3 )w

atercap

acity

.

12 13

501–2000 g

al w

.c.

Under

125

gal w

.c.

10 ft

(m

in)

Win

dow

air

cond

ition

er(s

ourc

e of

ig

nitio

n)

10 ft

(m

in)

10 ft

(m

in)

10 ft

(m

in)

10 ft

(m

in)

5 ft

(min

)

Inta

ke to

dire

ct-

vent

app

lianc

e

25 ft

(min

) 25 ft

(min

)

125–500

gal w

.c.

Cen

tral

AC

com

pres

sor

(sou

rce

of ig

nitio

n)

Under

125

gal w

.c.

1.R

egardlessofitssize,any

ASMEtan

kfilledonsitem

ustbe

loca

tedsothatthe

filling

con

nectionan

dfixe

dm

axim

um

liquidle

velg

auge

areatleas

t10

ftfrom

any

externa

lsou

rce

ofig

nitio

n(e.g.,op

enflam

e,w

indow

AC,c

ompressor),intake

todire

ct-ven

tedgas

applianc

esorintake

toamec

hanica

lve

ntilatio

nsystem

.

Container Location (Continued)

Figure 5. Aboveground ASME containers. Reproduced with permission from NFPA 58-2011, LiquefiedPetroleumGasCode, Copyright © 2010, National Fire Protection Association. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.

2.The

distanc

emay

bereduc

edtono

lesstha

n10

ftfo

rasing

lecon

tainer

of120

0ga

l(4.5m

3 )w

atercap

acity

orless,p

rovided

su

chcon

tainerisatleas

t25

ftfrom

any

otherLP-G

ascon

tainer

ofm

orethan

125

gal(0

.5m

3 )w

atercap

acity

.

13

Cen

tral

AC

com

pre

ssor

(sou

rce

of ig

nitio

n)

Inta

ke t

o d

irect

-ve

nt a

pp

lianc

e

Win

dow

air

cond

ition

er

(sou

rce

of ig

nitio

n)

Nea

rest

line

of a

djo

inin

gp

rop

erty

tha

t ca

n b

eb

uilt

upon

2000

gal

w.c

. or

less

10 ft

(min

)(N

ote

1)

10 ft

(min

)(N

ote

2)10

ft (m

in)

(Not

e 1)

10 ft

(min

)(N

ote

1)

Cra

wl s

pac

e op

enin

g,w

ind

ow, o

r ex

haus

t fa

n

10 ft

(min

)(N

ote

2)

2.Nopartofanun

dergrou

ndcon

tainercan

belesstha

n10

ft

from

anim

portantbuildingorline

ofa

djoiningpropertytha

tca

nbebuiltup

on.

Figure 6. Underground ASME containers. Reproduced with permission from NFPA 58-2011, LiquefiedPetroleumGasCode, Copyright © 2010, National Fire Protection Association. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.

1.T

hereliefv

alve

,filling

con

nection,and

fixe

dm

axim

umliquid

leve

lgau

geven

tco

nnec

tionatthe

con

tainerm

ustbeatle

ast

10ftfrom

any

exteriorso

urce

ofign

ition

,open

ings

into

dire

ct-ven

tap

plianc

es,o

rmec

hanica

lven

tilationairintake

s.

14 15

Tab

le 7

. P

ipe

Siz

ing

Bet

wee

n S

eco

nd-S

tag

e R

egul

ato

r an

d A

pp

lianc

eM

AXI

MU

M U

ND

ILU

TED

PR

OP

AN

E C

AP

AC

ITIE

S B

AS

ED

ON

10.

0 P

SI I

NLE

T P

RE

SS

UR

E A

ND

1.0

PS

I PR

ES

SU

RE

DR

OP

. (B

AS

ED

ON

A 1

.52

SP

EC

IFIC

-GR

AV

ITY

GA

S.)

Nom

inal

Pip

e S

ize,

Sch

edul

e 40

Pip

ing

Leng

th,

Fee

t1/

2 in

.(0

.622

)3/

4 in

.(0

.824

)1

in.

(1.0

49)

1-1/

4 in

.(1

.38)

1-1/

2 in

.(1

.61)

2 in

.(2

.067

)3

in.

(3.0

68)

3-1/

2 in

.(3

.548

)4

in.

(4.0

26)

1029

160

811

4623

5335

2567

8919

130

2800

839

018

2020

041

878

816

1724

2346

6613

148

1925

026

817

3016

133

663

212

9919

4637

4710

558

1545

821

535

4013

728

754

111

1116

6532

0790

3613

230

1843

1

5012

225

548

098

514

7628

4280

0911

726

1633

5

6011

023

143

589

213

3725

7572

5610

625

1480

1

8094

198

372

764

1144

2204

6211

9093

1266

8

100

8417

533

067

710

1419

5455

0480

5911

227

125

7415

529

260

089

917

3148

7871

4399

50

150

6714

126

554

481

515

6944

2064

7290

16

200

5812

022

746

569

713

4337

8355

3977

16

250

5110

720

141

261

811

9033

5349

0968

39

300

4697

182

374

560

1078

3038

4448

6196

350

4389

167

344

515

992

2795

4092

5701

400

4083

156

320

479

923

2600

3807

5303

Note:C

apac

ities

arein

100

0Btu/hr.

Adap

tedw

ithpermission

from

NFP

A58-20

11,L

ique

fied

Pet

role

um G

as C

ode,Cop

yright©

201

0,Nationa

lFire

ProtectionAssoc

iatio

n.Thisreprin

ted

materialisno

ttheco

mpleteand

officialpos

ition

ofthe

NFP

Aonthereferenc

edsub

ject,w

hich

isrep

rese

nted

onlybythestan

dardin

itsen

tirety.

15

Tab

le 8

. M

axim

um C

apac

ity

of

CS

ST

*

EH

D**

FLO

W

DE

SIG

NA

TIO

N

IN T

HO

US

AN

DS

OF

BTU

/HR

OF

UN

DIL

UTE

D P

RO

PA

NE

AT

A P

RE

SS

UR

E O

F 11

-IN

CH

ES

W.C

. AN

D A

PR

ES

SU

RE

DR

OP

OF

0.5-

INC

H W

.C.

(BA

SE

D O

N A

1.5

2 S

PE

CIF

IC G

RA

VIT

Y G

AS

)

Tubi

ng L

engt

h, F

eet

510

1520

2530

4050

6070

8090

100

150

200

250

300

1372

5039

3430

2823

2019

1715

1514

119

88

1599

6955

4942

3933

3026

2523

2220

1514

1211

1818

112

910

491

8274

6458

5349

4544

4131

2825

23

1921

115

012

110

694

8774

6660

5752

5047

3633

3026

2335

525

420

818

316

415

113

111

810

799

9490

8566

6053

50

2542

630

324

821

619

217

715

313

712

611

710

910

298

7569

6157

3074

452

142

236

532

529

725

622

720

719

117

816

915

912

311

299

90

3186

360

549

042

537

934

429

726

524

122

220

819

718

614

312

911

710

7

*Tab

lein

clud

eslo

sses

forfour90°ben

dsand

twoen

dfittin

gs.T

ubingruns

with

largernum

bersofb

endand

/orfittin

gssha

llbeincrea

sedbyan

equiva

lent

leng

thoftub

ingtoth

efollowingeq

uatio

n:L=1.3nwhe

reListhe

addition

alle

ngth(ft)oftub

ingan

dnisthe

num

berofa

ddition

alfittings

and

/orben

ds.

**EHD(E

quivalen

tHyd

raulicDiameter)A

mea

sureofthe

relativehy

drau

licefficien

cybetwee

ndifferen

ttub

ingsizes.The

greaterth

eva

lueofEHD,the

greater

thega

sca

pacityofthe

tubing

.

Adap

tedw

ithpermission

from

NFP

A58-20

11,L

ique

fied

Pet

role

um G

as C

ode,Cop

yright©

201

0,Nationa

lFire

ProtectionAssoc

iatio

n.Thisreprin

ted

materialisno

ttheco

mpleteand

officialpos

ition

ofthe

NFP

Aonthe referenc

edsub

ject,w

hich

isrep

rese

nted

onlybythestan

dardin

itsen

tirety.

16 17

Gas Piping Inlet Positioning

Justliketanks,propanepressureregulatorscomewithpipe-sizeandinstallation-distancerequirements.Regulatorsinstalledonthegaspipingsystematthesideofbuildingscannotbeplacedcloserthan3feethorizontallyfromanybuildingopening,suchasawindowwell,that’slowerthantheinstalledregulator.Norcantheybeplacedcloserthan5feetfromanysourceofignition,suchasanACcompressor.Additionalregulations,aswellasregulatormanufacturer’sinstructions,mayapply.Checkwithapropaneprofessionalfirsttoensureyoucomplywithinteriorgaspipinginletpositioningrequirements.

16 17

Gas Piping Inlet Positioning

Justliketanks,propanepressureregulatorscomewithpipe-sizeandinstallation-distancerequirements.Regulatorsinstalledonthegaspipingsystematthesideofbuildingscannotbeplacedcloserthan3feethorizontallyfromanybuildingopening,suchasawindowwell,that’slowerthantheinstalledregulator.Norcantheybeplacedcloserthan5feetfromanysourceofignition,suchasanACcompressor.Additionalregulations,aswellasregulatormanufacturer’sinstructions,mayapply.Checkwithapropaneprofessionalfirsttoensureyoucomplywithinteriorgaspipinginletpositioningrequirements.

17

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To Obtain

LENGTH AND AREA

MillimetersMetersSq. CentimetersSq. Meters

0.03943.28080.155010.764

InchesFeetSq. InchesSq. Feet

VOLUME AND MASS

Cubic MetersLitersGallonsCubic cm.LitersLitersKilogramsTonnes

35.3150.03530.13370.0612.1140.26422.20461.1024

Cubic FeetCubic FeetCubic FeetCubic InchesPints (US)Gallons (US)PoundsTons (US)

PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE

MillibarsOunces/sq. in.Inches w.c.BarsKilopascalsKilograms/sq. cm.Pounds/sq. in.Liters/hr.Cubic Meters/hr.

0.40181.7330.036114.500.145014.2220.0680.03534.403

Inches w.c.Inches w.c.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.AtmospheresCubic Feet/hr.Gallons/min.

MISCELLANEOUS

KilojoulesCalories, kgWattsBtuMegajoules

0.94783.9683.4140.000010.00948

BtuBtuBtu/hrThermsTherms

18 19


LENGTH AND AREA


25.40.3048 6.4516 0.0929


VOLUME AND MASS


0.028328.3167.48116.3870.4733.7850.45350.9071




2.4880.57727.710.06896.8950.070314.69628.3160.2271


MISCELLANEOUS


1.0550.2520.293100,000105.5


Conversion Factors

18 19


LENGTH AND AREA


25.40.3048 6.4516 0.0929


VOLUME AND MASS


0.028328.3167.48116.3870.4733.7850.45350.9071




2.4880.57727.710.06896.8950.070314.69628.3160.2271


MISCELLANEOUS


1.0550.2520.293100,000105.5


Conversion Factors

19

Temperature Conversion

Table 9. Temperature Conversion

°F °C °F °C °F °C

-40 -40 30 -1.1 90 32.2

-30 -34.4 32 0 100 37.8

-20 -28.9 40 4.4 110 43.3

-10 -23.3 50 10.0 120 48.9

0 -17.8 60 15.6 130 54.4

10 -12.2 70 21.1 140 60.0

20 -6.7 80 26.7 150 65.6

All trademarks shown are the property of their respective owners.

20

Notes

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propanesafety.com

202.452.8975

[email protected]

Propane Education & Research Council 1140 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Suite 1075 Washington, DC 20036

© Propane Education & Research Council 01/12

The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law 104-284, the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, 1996. The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source.

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