The properties of ceramic materials, like all materials, are dictated by the types of atoms present, the types of bonding between the atoms, and the way the atoms are packed together

Ceramics usually have a combination of stronger bonds called ionic and covalent

These types of bonds result in - high elastic modulus and hardness, - high melting points, - low thermal expansion, and- good chemical resistance. On the other hand, ceramics are also hard and often brittle (unless the material is toughened by reinforcements or other means), which leads to fracture.

Types of ceramic materials

Crystalline ceramics

Non crystalline ceramics