The The Protestant Protestant

ReformationReformation

Comunicación y Gerencia

Chapter 15, Section 3Chapter 15, Section 3

ProblemsProblems with the Catholic with the Catholic ChurchChurch

Heresy: An opinion that conflicts with official church beliefsAll heretics are either excommunicated or executed

Simony: Paying for a position in the clergy

Indulgences: Paying money for sins to be forgiven without penance

Covenant of Works: Must continually do good deeds if you want salvation

Did not apply to higher clergy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Luther46c.jpg

Martin LutherMartin Luther95 Theses: List of 95 problems Luther had with the church

Nailed the list to the church door at Wittenberg

•Salvation: How a soul is saved•Luther believed Jesus is the only way to salvation•Sola Fide: “Faith alone” (against the Covenant of Works”)•Sola Scriptura: “Scripture alone” is the truth; not open to interpretation by priests

Priesthood of All Believers: Clergy are not better than any one else You do not need to pray through a clergy member Anyone can study the Bible or preach if he feels called

ResultsResultsDiet of Worms: 1521

Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo XHoly Roman Emperor Charles V asked Luther to abandon his ideasLuther refused, and his writings were outlawed by the Church

ResultsResultsDiet of Worms: 1521

Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo XHoly Roman Emperor Charles V asked Luther to abandon his ideasLuther refused, and his writings were outlawed by the Church

•Peace of Augsburg: 1555•Charles V forced to compromise with German princes who wanted to follow Luther’s new ideas

• Each German ruler allowed to choose the religion of his state• Most chose Luther’s principles over the Catholic Church

SectsSectsHenry VIII and the Anglican Church:

Henry was a devout CatholicWanted a divorce from his wife because she had not given birth to

a son and she was getting too old to have childrenPope refused to grant the divorceHenry withdrew England from the Catholic Church

Created Church of England (Anglican Church) and was originally very similar to Catholicism

Henry divorced two wives, beheaded two more, one died, and one outlived him; he only had one son (who died at age 16)

SectsSectsCalvinism:

Influenced by Erasmus (Northern Humanist)Believed Church should be simple, not ornate; “4 walls and a

sermon”

Predestination: God decided at the beginning of time who to save (“The elect”); must live by a high moral standard

Self-discipline: Lifestyle of the elect; completely dedicated one’s life to God’s wishes; no dancing, card playing, foul language, “showy” dress…etc

SectsSectsHuguenots:

French Calvinists (France was mostly Catholic)Catholic monarchs feared the Huguenots

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572): Bloody civil war of French Catholics versus the Huguenots; Catholics massacred thousands of Huguenots

SectsSectsHuguenots:

French Calvinists (France was mostly Catholic)Catholic monarchs feared the Huguenots

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572): Bloody civil war of French Catholics versus the Huguenots; Catholics massacred thousands of Huguenots

Edict of Nantes (1598): King Henry IV gave Huguenots freedom of worship and some political rights