the protestant reformation. n learning goal n to identify causes and effects of the protestant...
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The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation
What does it mean to reform What does it mean to reform something? something?
Change!!!Change!!!
Protestant Protestant ReformationReformation
October 31, 1517October 31, 1517
What was the Protestant What was the Protestant Reformation?Reformation?
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation - a - a religious movement of the 16th religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches of Protestant churches
Long-Term CLong-Term CAUSESAUSES
PPOLITICALOLITICAL: Germany difficult to : Germany difficult to govern; German princes resented govern; German princes resented Pope’s authority & wanted Church Pope’s authority & wanted Church propertyproperty
EECONOMICCONOMIC: Many merchants : Many merchants resented sending their money to resented sending their money to the Church in Romethe Church in Rome
Long-Term CLong-Term CAUSES cont.AUSES cont.
RRELIGIOUSELIGIOUS: Worldly behavior of : Worldly behavior of Popes; many members of the Popes; many members of the clergy were engaged in corruption, clergy were engaged in corruption, abusing power. abusing power.
SSOCIALOCIAL: Renaissance ideas of : Renaissance ideas of secularism & individualism were in secularism & individualism were in conflict with Church’s teachings; conflict with Church’s teachings; Gutenberg’s printing pressGutenberg’s printing press
Short-TermShort-Term CCAUSESAUSES
Indulgences – paying to be Indulgences – paying to be forgiven forgiven
95 Theses – Martin Luther’s 95 Theses – Martin Luther’s arguments posted for arguments posted for discussiondiscussion
Diet of Worms (1521) – Diet of Worms (1521) – Luther declared a heretic Luther declared a heretic for not recantingfor not recanting
Life of Martin LutherLife of Martin Luther
Studying to be Studying to be a lawyer a lawyer
Had personal Had personal religious religious experience-fearexperience-fear
Became Became Priest/teacher Priest/teacher at the Church in at the Church in Wittenberg, Wittenberg, GermanyGermany
95 Theses95 Theses
A. Salvation through faith NOT good A. Salvation through faith NOT good works or indulgences (letters of works or indulgences (letters of pardon)pardon)
B. The Bible, not the pope, is the B. The Bible, not the pope, is the ultimate authorityultimate authority
C. All people who have faith are equal; C. All people who have faith are equal; therefore, there is no need for prieststherefore, there is no need for priests
D. Priests can marryD. Priests can marry
Life of Martin LutherLife of Martin Luther Excommunicated in 1520Excommunicated in 1520 Tried at Diet of Worms in 1521Tried at Diet of Worms in 1521
– ““Here I stand…”Here I stand…” Began a religious WarBegan a religious War
John CalvinJohn Calvin Huguenot (French Huguenot (French
Protestant Protestant Switzerland) agreed with Switzerland) agreed with Luther about faith not Luther about faith not worksworks
Predestination: God has Predestination: God has chosen a few “elect” chosen a few “elect” people to save – only people to save – only God knows who is saved God knows who is saved and who is notand who is not
Established a theocracy – Established a theocracy – a government controlled a government controlled by church leaders by church leaders (Geneva)(Geneva)
Counter-ReformationCounter-Reformation
Society of Jesuits – Society of Jesuits – spread Catholicism spread Catholicism through education & through education & missionary workmissionary work
Reform papacy – Reform papacy – eliminate corruption & eliminate corruption & worldlinessworldliness
Council of Trent: Council of Trent: reaffirmed Catholic reaffirmed Catholic beliefs – 7 beliefs – 7 Sacraments, good Sacraments, good works, celibacyworks, celibacy
Jesuit founder:Jesuit founder:Ignatius of LoyolaIgnatius of Loyola
Henry VIIIHenry VIII15291529
Wanted a divorce Wanted a divorce to produce an heirto produce an heir
Established the Established the Anglican Church Anglican Church (Church of England) (Church of England) with the Act of with the Act of Supremacy in 1534Supremacy in 1534
No real doctrinal No real doctrinal changeschanges
Elizabeth IElizabeth I1558-16031558-1603
Restored Protestantism in Restored Protestantism in England after “Bloody” England after “Bloody” Mary by compromising Mary by compromising between Catholics & between Catholics & ProtestantsProtestants
Elizabeth disliked and Elizabeth disliked and punished extreme punished extreme Protestants and extreme Protestants and extreme Catholics who tried to Catholics who tried to convert people to their convert people to their faiths.faiths.
Short-term EffectsShort-term Effects European wars & persecutionsEuropean wars & persecutions Religious Divisions in Western Religious Divisions in Western
EuropeEurope
Short-term EffectsShort-term EffectsCouncil of TrentCouncil of Trent
The Catholic- or Counter-The Catholic- or Counter-ReformationReformation
Long-term EffectsLong-term Effects
Protestant churches spring upProtestant churches spring up Political figures (kings) gain authority Political figures (kings) gain authority
over Churchover Church Independent city-states developIndependent city-states develop Absolute power of Catholic Church Absolute power of Catholic Church
brokenbroken Catholic Church stops abuses; Jesuits Catholic Church stops abuses; Jesuits
establish schools, & seek convertsestablish schools, & seek converts
Impact on the United Impact on the United States States
Years (80) later, the Years (80) later, the Pilgrims & Puritans Pilgrims & Puritans who followed John who followed John Calvin’s strict Calvin’s strict teachings thought the teachings thought the Anglican Church Anglican Church needed to be needed to be “purified”“purified”
Some left for the Some left for the Americas; others Americas; others stayed in England & stayed in England & rebelled against King rebelled against King Charles ICharles I
Branches of ChristianityBranches of Christianity
QuestionsQuestions What was the Protestant What was the Protestant
Reformation?Reformation? What was an economic cause?What was an economic cause? What was a political cause?What was a political cause? What was a social cause?What was a social cause? What was a religious cause?What was a religious cause?
QuestionsQuestions Who wrote the 95 Thesis? Who wrote the 95 Thesis? What were some criticisms of What were some criticisms of
the Catholic Church’s teachings?the Catholic Church’s teachings? Why was John Calvin important?Why was John Calvin important? Why were Henry VIII and Why were Henry VIII and
Elizabeth I important?Elizabeth I important? Why was Ignatius Loyola Why was Ignatius Loyola
important?important?
QuestionsQuestions What were some immediate What were some immediate
effects of the Reformation?effects of the Reformation? What were some long-term What were some long-term
effects of the Reformation?effects of the Reformation? What were some effects of the What were some effects of the
Reformation on America?Reformation on America?
VocabularyVocabulary
ReformationReformation ProtestantProtestant ThesesTheses IndulgenceIndulgence Peace of Peace of
AugsbergAugsberg
a. Money given to Church in a. Money given to Church in order to obtain forgivenessorder to obtain forgiveness
b. Scholarly arguments b. Scholarly arguments meant to invite debate meant to invite debate over a topicover a topic
c. Reform of Christian faith – c. Reform of Christian faith – early attempts were early attempts were unsuccessfulunsuccessful
d. After Charles V fought d. After Charles V fought German princes, each German princes, each prince could decide religionprince could decide religion
e. Christians who protested e. Christians who protested against the Catholic against the Catholic Church formed the 3Church formed the 3rdrd branch of Christianity branch of Christianity