THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OFTHE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF SPECIAL CAPITAL DISTRICT OF JAKARTA SPECIAL CAPITAL DISTRICT OF JAKARTA

CLEAN AIR PROGRAMCLEAN AIR PROGRAM

THE STRATEGICAL OUTLINE SCENARIO OF THE AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

IN THE PROVINCIAL AREA OF DKI JAKARTA

Action Plan for Jakarta Air Quality Management

2002 - 2007

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North Jakarta

West Jakarta

Central Jakarta

East Jakarta

Jakarta Bay

Depok

Tangerang

Bekasi

South Jakarta

DKI JAKARTADKI JAKARTADKI JAKARTADKI JAKARTA

Legend :Land area : 661,62 km.sqTotal Population : 9.604,900Population density : 14.500/km sq

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Environmental problems in Jakarta are AIR POLLUTION ,water pollution, waste disposal, acid deposition, and pollution from small and medium scale enterprises, enforcement and standard.

Environmental problems in Jakarta are AIR POLLUTION ,water pollution, waste disposal, acid deposition, and pollution from small and medium scale enterprises, enforcement and standard.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Jakarta sustainable development in line with development objectives outline in The Development Policy Guidelines, there are at least three major aspects :

Continuation of economic growth that ensure sustainable utilization of natural resources and environment;

Access to basic needs for all people Development with involvement all stake holders.

Jakarta sustainable development in line with development objectives outline in The Development Policy Guidelines, there are at least three major aspects :

Continuation of economic growth that ensure sustainable utilization of natural resources and environment;

Access to basic needs for all people Development with involvement all stake holders.

The development objective is to develop DKI Jakarta as “a service city” so that it can have equal position with other large cities in the world.

The development objective is to develop DKI Jakarta as “a service city” so that it can have equal position with other large cities in the world.

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I. AIR QUALITY I. AIR QUALITY

• AirAir: Needs, Availability & Quality: Needs, Availability & Quality• Urban mobility and productivityUrban mobility and productivity• EmissionEmission: Potential Source and : Potential Source and

PollutantPollutant• Air Quality and Quality Standard: Air Quality and Quality Standard:

Functions/Allotment, Indicator & GuidesFunctions/Allotment, Indicator & Guides• Air Quality ManagementAir Quality Management: Policy : Policy

Formulation, Planning & Programing, Formulation, Planning & Programing, Implementing, Monitoring, dan Implementing, Monitoring, dan EvaluationEvaluation

• Clean Air Program and the LegitimationClean Air Program and the Legitimation

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II. AIR POLLUTIONII. AIR POLLUTION

• Logical consequence of People and Things: Logical consequence of People and Things: the infrastructure of city transportation the infrastructure of city transportation services.services.

• Logical consequence of city planning and Logical consequence of city planning and development: Land use planning and development: Land use planning and distribution distribution

• Fuel and Energy: Availability, quality and Fuel and Energy: Availability, quality and behavior behavior

• Source of Air Pollution by its process:Source of Air Pollution by its process:– The process of refined fuel oil incineration The process of refined fuel oil incineration

(industry and transportation)(industry and transportation)– The process where fuel incineration does The process where fuel incineration does

not exist (construction, incinerator and not exist (construction, incinerator and industry)industry)

• Local condition & Air Pollution Potential: Local condition & Air Pollution Potential: Contour/Topography, Contour/Topography, mixing heightmixing height

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III. AIR POLLUTION IN JAKARTAIII. AIR POLLUTION IN JAKARTA

Monitoring: Monitoring: The infrastructure of air quality The infrastructure of air quality

monitoringmonitoringAllotment and road-side representation Allotment and road-side representation Main pollutant concentrationMain pollutant concentration

• Energy & Fuel Consumption:Energy & Fuel Consumption:

- Types, quality, quantity, subsidy - Types, quality, quantity, subsidy - Price Fluctuation- Price Fluctuation

- Alternative: Cheap and easy to - Alternative: Cheap and easy to obtain obtain

• Local Condition : Local Condition : Mixing heightMixing height, land , land contour and topographycontour and topography

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3. Air Quality Monitoring Facilities

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

#S

#S

#S

#S

%U

#S

#S

Tangerang

Bekasi

Jakarta Bay

A

B

D

E

C

F

G

H

I1

2

3

6

4

CAKUNG

CILINCING

CIPAYUNG

KALIDERES

PENJARINGAN

MAKASAR

KOJA

JAGA KARSA

KEMBANGAN

CIRACAS

CILANDAK

CENGKARENG

DUREN SAWIT

TANJUNG PRIOK

TEBET

PASAR MINGGU

KEBON JERUK

KEBAYORAN LAMA

PASAR REBO

PULO GADUNG

KRAMAT JATI

KELAPA GADING

GAMBIR

PESANGGRAHAN

SETIA BUDI

JATI NEGARA

PANCORAN

PADEMANGAN

TANAH ABANG

KEBAYORAN BARU

PALMERAH MENTENG

SENEN

TAMBORA

KEMAYORANGROGOL PETAMBURAN

SAWAH BESAR

MATRAMAN

TAMAN SARI

MAMPANG PRAPATAN

CEMPAKA PUTIHJOHAR BARU5

6 $T

$T

$T

$T

$T

J-1

J-2

J-3

J-4

J-5

LEGEND :

Countinues Method

Manual Method

Propinsi BoundaryKotamadya BoundaryKecamatan BoundaryJakarta Bay

AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATION

IN DKI JAKARTA

U

BADAN PENGENDALIAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DAERAH(BAPEDALDA) DKI JAKARTA

Jl . Casablanca Kav I Jakarta Selatan

%U#S

$T Continiues Method (Proposed)

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Air Quality of JakartaAir Quality of JakartaAir Quality of JakartaAir Quality of Jakarta

0.00000

0.02000

0.04000

0.06000

0.08000

0.10000

NO

x (

pp

m)

A B C D E F G H I

Location

Ambien Air Quality in Jakarta, 1997-2001Nox (ppm)

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

DKI Standard0.000000.100000.200000.300000.400000.500000.60000

TS

P (

mg

/m3)

A B C D E F G H I

Location

Ambien Air Quality in Jakarta, 1997-2001TSP (mg/m3)

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

DKI Standard

0.00000

0.02000

0.04000

0.06000

0.08000

0.10000

SO

2 (

pp

m)

A B C D E F G H I

Location

Ambien Air Quality in Jakarta, 1997-2001SO2 (ppm)

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

DKI Standard

Ambien Air Quality in Jakarta, 1997-2001Pb (mg/m3)

0.00000

0.20000

0.40000

0.60000

0.80000

1.00000

1.20000

A B C D E F G H I

Location

Pb

(m

g/m

3)

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

DKI Standard

Source : Bapedalda DKI Jakarta1. Residential Area 2. Commercial Area 4. Recreation Area A. Kel. Duri Kosambi F. Kel. Gambir I. Kel. Ancol B. Kel. Pegadungan C. Kel. Cipedak 3. Industrial Area D. Kel. Tebet G. Kel. Cilincing E. Kel. Pinang Ranti H. Kel. Rawa Terate

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TSP

Sumber : Bapedalda DKI Jakarta Rekreasi

Kel. AncolKel. Pegadungan

Industrial AreaKel. Cilincing

Kel. Rawaterate

NO2(ppb)s tandard

Pb

Standard

Sumber : Bapedalda DKI Jakarta Rekreasi

Kel. AncolKel. Pegadungan

Industrial Area

Kel. CilincingKel. Rawaterate

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

M onth

PM-1

0 (m

g/M

3)

J an Feb M ar Apr M ei J un J u l Ags Sep Ok t Nov Des

PM -10

DKI Standart

Ambient Air Quality in Jakarta, 2000 ( Jl.Casablanca )PM-10 (mg/m3)

0

20

40

60

M onth

PM-1

0 (m

g/M

3)

J an Feb M ar Apr M ei J un J u l Ags Sep Ok t Nov Des

O3

DKI Standart

Ambient Air Quality in Jakarta, 2000 ( Jl.Casablanca )O3 (ppb)

0

2

4

6

8

10

M onth

CO (p

pm)

J an Feb M ar Apr M ei J un J u l Ags Sep Ok t Nov Des

CO

DKI Standart

Ambient Air Quality in Jakarta, 2000 (Jl. Casablanca )CO (ppm)

0

20

40

60

M onth

NO2

(ppb

)

J an Feb M ar Apr M ei J un J u l Ags Sep Ok t Nov Des

NO2

DKI Standart

Ambient Air Quality in Jakarta, 2000 ( Jl.Casablanca )NO2 (ppb)

Air Quality of JakartaAir Quality of JakartaAir Quality of JakartaAir Quality of Jakarta

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AIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY

NoNo PSI CATEGORIESPSI CATEGORIES2000 2000

(%)(%)2001 2001

(%)(%)

2002 2002 (%)(%)

till Septtill Sept

11 MODERATMODERAT 74.0074.00 72.0572.05 69.9469.94

22 GOODGOOD 26.0026.00 19.1019.10 7.107.10

33 UNHEALTYUNHEALTY -- 8.498.49 28.0428.04

44 VERY UNHEALTYVERY UNHEALTY -- 0.270.27 --

DOMINANT POLLUTANT : - PARTICULATE- OZON

AIR CHARACTER : TROPIC

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1.1. The Mobility, Energy The Mobility, Energy Consumption and Source of Consumption and Source of PollutantPollutant

2.2. Public Transportation Condition: Public Transportation Condition: Recent backbone of city Recent backbone of city transportation system transportation system

3.3. The contributions of public The contributions of public transportation vehiclestransportation vehicles

4.4. The contributions of goods The contributions of goods transportation vehiclestransportation vehicles

5.5. The contributions of the industryThe contributions of the industry

IV. PROBLEMS

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Fuel ConsumptionFuel ConsumptionFuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption

Kind of fuelKind of fuel Number of Number of ConsumptionConsumption

UnitUnit

PremiumPremium 1,999,6241,999,624 Kl/yearKl/year

KeroseneKerosene 1,538,9841,538,984 Kl/yearKl/year

DieselDiesel 2,205,6302,205,630 Kl/yearKl/year

GasGas 1,154,6451,154,645 (1000 m3/year)(1000 m3/year)

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Pollution Load , Jakarta 1999Pollution Load , Jakarta 1999Pollution Load , Jakarta 1999Pollution Load , Jakarta 1999

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1. 1. Public mobility and services: Public mobility and services: Bureaucracy vs. E-ServicesBureaucracy vs. E-Services

2. 2. Working Hours/Days: the Working Hours/Days: the distribution of air pollution and distribution of air pollution and the network densitythe network density

3. 3. Environmental Health Environmental Health Quality: diseases domination Quality: diseases domination

4. 4. Urban productivityUrban productivity

V. OTHER FACTS

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Scheme of air pollution managementScheme of air pollution managementScheme of air pollution managementScheme of air pollution management

MONITORING MONITORING DATADATA Inventory dataInventory data

Air quality Air quality monitoringmonitoring

Emission Emission InventoryInventoryEmission Emission InventoryInventory

Numerical Air Numerical Air Pollution ModelPollution Model

Control strategy Control strategy formulationformulation

Numerical model Numerical model predictionprediction

Formulation of control Formulation of control strategystrategy

( Clean Air Program )( Clean Air Program )

Information Information SystemSystem

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VI. OUTLINE OF STRATEGIES & VI. OUTLINE OF STRATEGIES & PRINCIPLES OF AIR QUALITY PRINCIPLES OF AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

• Political WillPolitical Will: The commitment : The commitment reflected in the regional regulations reflected in the regional regulations and legislations products (Repetada, and legislations products (Repetada, Renstra dan APBD)Renstra dan APBD)

• Maximizing OpportunitiesMaximizing Opportunities: Platform of : Platform of legitimized works (UU No. 22/99, UU legitimized works (UU No. 22/99, UU No. 34/99, UU No. 23/97, UU No. No. 34/99, UU No. 23/97, UU No. 18/97)18/97)

• Think Globally-Act LocallyThink Globally-Act Locally• Polluters Pay PrinciplePolluters Pay Principle not not Victims Victims

Pay PrinciplePay Principle

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VII. VII. SCOPE & TARGET OF ACTIONSCOPE & TARGET OF ACTION

11. . Those connected with the Those connected with the process/consumption of oil in the process/consumption of oil in the transportation and industry transportation and industry sectorssectors (mobile sources & (mobile sources & stationary sources)stationary sources)

2. Those related with the 2. Those related with the process/activities that there are process/activities that there are no fuel (stench, noise, vibration, no fuel (stench, noise, vibration, trash incineration, usage of trash incineration, usage of solvent, solvent, indoor pollutionindoor pollution) )

3. Those related to the introduction 3. Those related to the introduction of alternative fuel (Gas, Biodiesel, of alternative fuel (Gas, Biodiesel, Ethanol etc.)Ethanol etc.)

7.1. Scope

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((1)Ambient Air quality control ( Ambient 1)Ambient Air quality control ( Ambient and and road-sideroad-side) particularly main ) particularly main parameter – Ambient Managementparameter – Ambient Management

(2)(2) Quality control of emission Quality control of emission from various sources – Emission from various sources – Emission ManagementManagement

(3) The Introduction of Alternative Fuel (3) The Introduction of Alternative Fuel that is environment friendlythat is environment friendly

7.2. Target (Qualitative)

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(1)(1) By the end of 2005 the concentration By the end of 2005 the concentration of the entire pollutant parameter of the entire pollutant parameter reach or not exceeding the reach or not exceeding the requirements of ambient air quality requirements of ambient air quality standards.standards.

(2)(2) By the end of 2005 emission By the end of 2005 emission contributions of its sources will be less contributions of its sources will be less significantly up to 50%significantly up to 50%

(3)(3)The establishment of the air quality The establishment of the air quality monitoring infrastructure to increase monitoring infrastructure to increase the quality/effectiveness of 2005 the quality/effectiveness of 2005 program. program.

(4)(4)Significant change of the parameter Significant change of the parameter for the quality of public health and for the quality of public health and urban productivity in the year 2005urban productivity in the year 2005

(5)(5)By the end of 2004, the means and By the end of 2004, the means and promotion of alternative fuel promotion of alternative fuel development / provisions investments.development / provisions investments.

(6)(6) By the end of 2005, the availability of By the end of 2005, the availability of additive alternative/substitute fueladditive alternative/substitute fuel

7.3. Targets (Quantitative)

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VIII. PROGRAM INDICATORSVIII. PROGRAM INDICATORS

8.1. 8.1. Quality of Ambient AirQuality of Ambient Air (General/ (General/ Road-SideRoad-Side))

(1) Level of Quality up to end of 2003 stays constant, similar to the condition in the end of the 6th Five Year Development Plans (Repelita VI)

(2) End of 2004, dust quality reached the Quality Standard.

(3) End of 2005, quality increase = quality standard (dust in the vortex/threshold)

(4) End 2006: dust approach the lowest threshold(5) End 2007: entirely in the vortex/threshold

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8.2. Quality of the Emission from Stationary Sources8.2. Quality of the Emission from Stationary Sources

(1) End 2003: Inventory of potential pollutant sources and preparation of statements (self assessment)

(2) End 2003: Completed software(3) End 2004: D & E air pollution control unit

in the potential sources(4) End 2004: Inventory of the entire pollutant

sources completed & preparation of statement

(5) End 2005: Final stage of the control unit trial, D & E control unit on the pollutant sources

(6) End 2006: Fulfillment of the Stationary Emmsion Standard

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8.3. Quality of Mobile Sources Emission8.3. Quality of Mobile Sources Emission

(1) Declaration of I & M System - September 2002 (2) End 2003: Completed software

(3) Until end of 2004 have been implemented: * Promotion of I&M Workshop investment/business * Sosialisation I&M program * Training for I&M technicians and Workshop

* Interconnecting/ net working I&M Program* Registration of I&M Workshop* Registration of I&M Appraisal Consultant

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--* Standardization of Accreditation and Certification Criteria* Random Test of car emission /PUTE* Participation of NGOs

* Development of Cooperations with other parties (Swisscontact, GLS, Association of Motorcycles Factories, Organda, Firms, Sister state/city/province)* Development of air pollution control science and technology* Smoke belching campaign

(4) End 2005– Fulfillment of the emmision standard from the private car

(5) End 2005 – The growth of private Testing Facilities for emission from car (6) In the year of 2004 Preparing regulation and technical aspect for motorcyle emission testing

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IX. IX. INDICATION PROGRAMINDICATION PROGRAM9.1.9.1. Deregulation of the Mining and Energy Deregulation of the Mining and Energy

sectorsector9.2.9.2. Deregulation Transportation SectorDeregulation Transportation Sector9.3.9.3. Deregulation of related Tax and Deregulation of related Tax and

RetributionsRetributions9.4.9.4. Deregulations of Goods Transportation Deregulations of Goods Transportation

PatternPattern9.5.9.5. Deregulation Working Hours/Working Deregulation Working Hours/Working

DaysDays9.6.9.6. Deregulation Public Services Deregulation Public Services 9.7.9.7. Deregulation Industry SectorDeregulation Industry Sector9.8.9.8. Innovation in the Science and Innovation in the Science and

Technology SectorTechnology Sector9.9.9.9. Stabilization of the Environmental Stabilization of the Environmental

Sector / Environmental Infrastructure (Air Sector / Environmental Infrastructure (Air Monitoring Network)Monitoring Network)

9.10.9.10. Health SectorHealth Sector9.11 9.11 Education and Training SectorsEducation and Training Sectors