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The Punic Wars

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Page 1: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

The Punic Wars The Punic Wars

Page 2: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

Carthage Carthage

Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians

Became in independent republicBy the 3rd century, its population was 3 times the size of Rome

Controlled Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica

Had settlements at Malaca and Gades in Spain

Expansion was based on desire for metals and other resources

Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians

Became in independent republicBy the 3rd century, its population was 3 times the size of Rome

Controlled Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica

Had settlements at Malaca and Gades in Spain

Expansion was based on desire for metals and other resources

Page 3: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 4: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

The First Punic War (264-241)

The First Punic War (264-241)

Messana (on Sicily) appealed first to Carthage, then to Romans for assistance against Hiero, king of Syracuse (264 BC)

Conflict between Rome and Carthage Centered on Syracuse

Hiero first allied with Carthage, but then switched to Rome

Romans created naval force (200 ships)Corvus - boarding device

Romans were victorious in many land and naval battles

Carthage had to agree to peace terms in 241 Had to abandon Sicily

Messana (on Sicily) appealed first to Carthage, then to Romans for assistance against Hiero, king of Syracuse (264 BC)

Conflict between Rome and Carthage Centered on Syracuse

Hiero first allied with Carthage, but then switched to Rome

Romans created naval force (200 ships)Corvus - boarding device

Romans were victorious in many land and naval battles

Carthage had to agree to peace terms in 241 Had to abandon Sicily

Page 5: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 6: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

AftermathAftermath

Mercenary revolts in Africa and in Sardinia against Carthage

Rome came to aid in Africa, but came to aid of Sardinians against Carthage (238)

Annexed both Sardinia and Corsica from Carthage

Mercenary revolts in Africa and in Sardinia against Carthage

Rome came to aid in Africa, but came to aid of Sardinians against Carthage (238)

Annexed both Sardinia and Corsica from Carthage

Page 7: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

Second Punic War (218-201)

Second Punic War (218-201)

Italy – Hannibal Knew Rome had a weak cavalry Enlisted superior cavalry (mainly Hispanics)

Invaded Italy across Alps with cavalry and 3 dozen elephants

Lost many elephants and siege engines to the ice and cold

Defeated Romans in the field, but could not get to RomeLack of reinforcements Could not get support from Rome’s allies

Italy – Hannibal Knew Rome had a weak cavalry Enlisted superior cavalry (mainly Hispanics)

Invaded Italy across Alps with cavalry and 3 dozen elephants

Lost many elephants and siege engines to the ice and cold

Defeated Romans in the field, but could not get to RomeLack of reinforcements Could not get support from Rome’s allies

Page 8: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

Battle of Cannae (216)Battle of Cannae (216)87000 Roman and allied troops 56000 Carthage troops Double envelope tactic45000 Romans killed, many taken as captives (Livy)

One of the greatest tactical feats in military history

As a result, many Italian cities defected from Rome

87000 Roman and allied troops 56000 Carthage troops Double envelope tactic45000 Romans killed, many taken as captives (Livy)

One of the greatest tactical feats in military history

As a result, many Italian cities defected from Rome

Page 9: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 10: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

Second Punic War (218-201)

Second Punic War (218-201)

Hispania Hasdrubal, a younger brother of Hannibal, defended the Carthaginian colonial cities

Roman commander – Publius Cornelius Scipio – defeated Hasdrubal in Hispania

Hasdrubal brought troops into Italy to help his brother (killed)

Hispania Hasdrubal, a younger brother of Hannibal, defended the Carthaginian colonial cities

Roman commander – Publius Cornelius Scipio – defeated Hasdrubal in Hispania

Hasdrubal brought troops into Italy to help his brother (killed)

Page 11: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

Battle of Zama (202) Battle of Zama (202)

After defeating Hispania, Scipio turned to invade Carthage

In 203, Hannibal returned to Carthage to face Scipio

Rome defeated Carthage in open battle Peace – no real navy, no foreign colonies, etc.

Scipio gets nickname Scipio Africanus Rome retained domination over Sicily

After defeating Hispania, Scipio turned to invade Carthage

In 203, Hannibal returned to Carthage to face Scipio

Rome defeated Carthage in open battle Peace – no real navy, no foreign colonies, etc.

Scipio gets nickname Scipio Africanus Rome retained domination over Sicily

Page 12: The Punic Wars. Carthage Founded in the 8th century by the Phonecians Became in independent republic By the 3rd century, its population was 3 times

Third Punic War (149-146)

Third Punic War (149-146)

Cato the elder wanted to destroy Carthage“Furthermore, Carthage must be destroyed”

Rome made escalating demands on Carthage City be destroyed and rebuilt further inland - refused

3 year siege, eventually burned to the ground (146 BC)

Cato the elder wanted to destroy Carthage“Furthermore, Carthage must be destroyed”

Rome made escalating demands on Carthage City be destroyed and rebuilt further inland - refused

3 year siege, eventually burned to the ground (146 BC)


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