the radiant serie procedure

8/16/2019 The Radiant Serie Procedure

1/64

Owner ’ s

Manual

&Reference

GPS

12XL

Personal

Navigator

®


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Software Version 3.0 or above© 1997 GARMIN Corporation

1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 USA

Tel: 913-397-8200 or 800-800-1020

Fax: 913-397-8282

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd.

Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9AQ UK

Tel: 011-44-1794-519944

Fax: 011-44-1794-519222

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted inany form or by any means including photocopying and recording, for any purposewithout the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMINreserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the con-tent without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes.

GARMIN, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, TracBack, and PhaseTrac12 are alltrademarks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed per-mission of GARMIN.

June 1997 - Part Number 190-00134-00 Rev. C - Printed in Taiwan


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GPS 12XL

Operator’s

Manual

Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 12XL —the smallest, easi-est-to-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS 12XL represents

GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide quality navigation informa-tion in a versatile and user-friendly flexible design you’ll enjoy for years.To get the most from your new GPS, take the time to read through theowner’s manual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS12XL. This manual is organized into four sections for your convenience:

Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains thetable of contents and the glossary of navigational terms.

Getting Started introduces you to the basic features of the unit andprovides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 12XL.

Reference provides details about the advanced features and opera-tions of the GPS 12XL by topic.

The Appendix section contains initialization instructions and itemswith multiple listings, such as map datums, time offsets, and theindex.

Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMIN

GPS 12XL package includes the following items. If you are missing anyparts, please contact your dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

• GPS 12XL Unit • Owner’s Manual

• Wrist Strap • Quick Reference Guide

• Carrying Case • 4 AA Batteries

See your GARMIN dealer for accessories including our PC kit, swivelmounts, external antennas, and power/data cables.

We at GARMIN hope the GPS 12XL will help you meet all of yournavigation needs and know it will become a valuable piece of youroutdoor gear.

i

INTRODUCTION

Packing List


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Caution

INTRODUCTION

ii

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States,which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system issubject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of allGPS equipment. Although the GPS 12XL is a precision electronic NAVigation

AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore,become unsafe.

Use the GPS 12XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe oper-ation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator’s Manualand thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actualuse. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 12XL toall available navigation sources including the information from otherNAVAIDs, visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrep-

ancies before continuing navigation.

NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits forClass B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compli-ance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, andcan radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-dance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-nications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in aparticular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference toother equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off andon, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating theequipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affectedequipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technicianfor additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation issubject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmfulinterference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 12XL

does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made byan authorized service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications couldvoid your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15regulations.


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1

INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

SECTION ONE IntroductionGlossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

SECTION TWO Getting Started

Battery & Remote Antenna Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Keypad Usage & Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Primary Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7Power On & Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Position Page, Map Basics, & Going To A Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Clearing the Map Display, Screen Contrast, & Power Off . . . . . . . . . . .11

SECTION THREE ReferenceSatellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase . . . . . . . . .14Position Page & User Selectable Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Waypoint Pages & Managing Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-23TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-25Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-30

Using the Compass & Highway Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-34Map Page, Zooming, & Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-38Map Page & Track Log Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-40Menu Page & Distance/Sun Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-42Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43-44Interface Setup & DGPS Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-46Navigation Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

SECTION FOUR Appendices Appendix A––Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49 Appendix B—Specifications & Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51 Appendix C—Messages and Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53 Appendix D—Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55 Appendix E––Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-58


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Glossary

INTRODUCTION

2

The GPS 12XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywherein the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may behelpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.

Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in theappropriate reference sections of the manual.

Almanac Data

Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satel-lites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac datamust be acquired before GPS navigation can begin.

Bearing

The compass direction from your position to a destination.

Course Made Good (CMG)

The bearing from the “active from” position (your starting point) to yourpresent position.

Crosstrack Error (XTK)

The distance you are off a desired course in either direction.Desired Track (DTK)

The compass course between the “from” and “to” waypoints.

Differential GPS (DGPS)

An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons totransmit position corrections to GPS receivers.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)

The time of day of your arrival at a destination.

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)

The time left to your destination at your present speed.


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3

INTRODUCTION

Glossary

Grid

Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using squarezones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid

systems.

Ground Speed

The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position.

Latitude

The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth’spolar axis.

Longitude An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian,

an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles.

Navigation

The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing whereyou are in relation to your desired course.

Position

An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.Track (TRK)

The direction of movement relative to a ground position.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface tomeasure position in specific zones.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)

The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination.

Waypoint

A specific location saved in the receiver’s memory.


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Battery Installation

The GPS 12XL operates on 4 AA batteries (includ-ed), which are installed at the base of the unit. Thesebatteries provide up to 12 hours of use.

To install the batteries:

1. Remove the battery cover by turning the thumbloop at the bottom of the unit 1/4 turn counter-clockwise.

2. Insert the batteries into position. The battery poleyou can still see should match the symbol (+ or –)marked on the case.

3. Replace and secure the battery cover by turning

the thumb loop 1/4 turn clockwise.

Battery life varies due to a variety of factors,including temperature and backlighting. You mayfind that lithium batteries provide longer life in colderconditions.

Battery Installation

INTRODUCTION

4

Remote AntennaInstallation

An optional remoteantenna may be usedwith the GPS 12XL.The remote antennawill improve thereceiving capabilitiesof the unit by magni-fying weaker signals

which the built-inantenna may not beable to use.

The remoteantenna is attachedby plugging it intothe connector on the

back of the unit (seeabove).

Contact yourGARMIN dealer forremote antennas andaccessories.


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5

DATA ENTRY The arrow keypad isused for all data entry.Use the U and Dkeys to select letters,numbers, and menuoptions; use the L andR keys to move the cur-

sor forward or back-ward along the line.Press E to confirm

your entry.

INTRODUCTION

Keypad Usage &Data Entry

BTurns the unit on and off andactivates screen backlighting.

P

Scrolls through the main data

pages in sequence and returnsdisplay from a submenu pageto a primary page.

MCaptures a position and dis-plays the mark position page.

G

Displays GOTO page with

the waypoint highlighted forGOTO operation. PressingGOTO twice activates MOB.

EConfirms data entry andactivates highlighted fieldsto allow data entry.

Q Returns display to a previouspage, or restores a data field’sprevious value.

UDSelects alphanumericalcharacters and menu choicesand moves the field highlightfrom field to field.

L RMoves the selected characterfield and moves the fieldhighlight from field to field.


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Primary Pages

Before we start the tour, let’s briefly look at the fiveprimary information pages used for the GPS 12XL.Switch between pages by pressing either theQ or

J keys.

Satellite Page

The Satellite Page shows satellite positions andsignal strength. Satellite positions are displayed usingtwo circles and a center point. The outer circle showssatellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is45º above the horizon; and the center point representssatellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positionswill show you the direction of any blocked signals.

The bottom of the page contains a row of signal

strength bars corresponding to each satellite being used.Position Page

The Position Page shows you where you are, whatdirection you’re heading and how fast you’re going.

The top of the page contains a compass tape whichis a graphic representation of your heading. Your trackand speed are indicated immediately below.

The graphic compass tape reflects your head-

ing only while you are moving.

The rest of the page shows your current position inthree dimensions: latitude, longitude, and altitude. Atrip odometer and 12/24-hour clock are also provided.

Primary Pages

INTRODUCTION

6

Satellite Page

The Satellite Page will

allow you to monitor satellite signal reception

and strength.

J

Q

!

Position Page

Satellite Position Map Compass Menu


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Map Page

The Map Page acts as a window. It allows you toview your position, the “path” you have traveled over,and nearby waypoints.

A diamond icon in the center of the screen repre-sents your current position. As you move, you will seea thin line - called a track log - appear along the pathyou have just covered. Names of stored waypoints canalso be shown on the map.

The bottom corners of the map will always displayyour current track and speed. When going to a way-

point, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using thepanning target crosshair, the corresponding distanceand bearing are shown at the top corners of the map.The top of the screen contains the zoom, pan, and con-figuration fields.

Navigation Page

A navigation page gives you steering guidance

when going to a waypoint. The GPS 12XL has two nav-igation page choices: the Compass Page and theHighway Page. The Compass Page is the default andwill be briefly explained here. The Highway Page iscovered on pages 35 and 38.

The Compass Page shows the destination way-point at the top of the page with the bearing (BRG) anddistance (DST) to the waypoint shown below. The cen-

ter of the page contains a compass ring and arrow toshow you the direction of the waypoint from the direc-tion you are moving. The bottom of the page givesyour track (TRK), speed (SPD), and a selectable fieldfor estimated time to arrival (ETA), estimated timeenroute (ETE), course to steer (CTS), crosstrack error,(XTK), velocity made good (VMG), or turn bearing(TRN).

Menu Page

The last primary page is the Menu Page. TheMenu Page gives you access to the GPS 12XL’s waypointmanagement, route, track log, and setup featuresthrough a list of submenus.

7

Map Page

The Map Page shows

your progress on a mov-ing map plotter and gives

a bird’s-eye-view of sur-

rounding waypoints.

INTRODUCTION

Primary Pages

Compass Page

The Compass Page is the

default navigation page

and will show you the

way to the waypoint from

the direction you are

moving.


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Getting Started Tour

Now that you’ve seen the primary pages, let’s getstarted by taking a simple tour to show you the basicsabout using your GPS 12XL. The tour assumes that

your unit has been turned on and that none of the fac-tory settings ( units of measure, selectable fields, etc.)have been changed. If these settings have beenchanged, the pictures and descriptions you see in thismanual may not match what you see on your screen.

Turning the GPS 12XL On

1. PressB until the receiver turns on.

The welcome page will appear while the unit con-ducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the SatellitePage will appear. When sufficient satellite signals havebeen acquired, the Satellite Page will be replaced by thePosition Page.

Marking a Position

GPS is really about marking and going to placescalled waypoints. Before we can use our GPS 12XL to

guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as awaypoint. (Your GPS 12XL can hold up to 500 way-points.)

To mark your present position:

1. Press theM key. The mark position page willappear, with a default three-digit name for the newwaypoint in the upper-left portion of the page.

To rename the waypoint:

1. Highlight the name field, and pressE.

2. Enter the waypoint name ‘HOME’, and pressE.(See pg. 9 for data entry.) The waypoint symbol fieldwill become highlighted.

Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom way-point symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map.

To change the waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, and pressE.

2. Select the house symbol, and pressE.

3. Move the cursor to the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and press

E.

Power On &Marking a

Position

GETTING

STARTED

8

The welcome page will beshown while the unit con-ducts a self test

Press the UP arrow to

move forward through thealphabet or numbers and

the DOWN arrow to

move backward.


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Using the Position Page

Walk for 3-4 minutes and watch the Position Page.The direction you are moving (track), your speed, tripdistance, and altitude are shown on the upper half of the screen. The latitude and longitude of your position

are displayed in the middle of the page, with the timeof day shown below.

Let’s continue by moving to the next page:

1. PressP.

Map Page

The next page is the Map Page.To ensure we can

see our entire trip on the map, lets change the mapscale from .2nm (default) to 5nm.

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the ‘ZM’ field at the top left of the Map Page and pressE

2. Press theU arrow until ‘1nm’ is shown and pressE.

The Map Page shows your present position as a

diamond icon in the center of the map. The housesymbol labeled ‘HOME’ is the waypoint you createdand the line connecting the two is your track log.

1. Now turn approximately 90º to your right and continuewalking at for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how thedisplay changes, always keeping the direction youare moving at the top of the map (see right).

Going to a Waypoint

Once you’ve stored a waypoint in memory, youmay return to it by performing a GOTO. A GOTO is astraight-line course from your present position to thedestination you’ve selected. Let’s navigate back to ourstarting position, the HOME waypoint.

To select a GOTO destination:

1. PressG.

2. Highlight the ‘HOME’ waypoint, and pressE.

You’ll notice that you’ll automatically return to theMap Page, and a straight line will connect your currentposition to the position of the GOTO waypoint.

Let’s continue by moving to the next page:

1. PressP.9

The Map Page displays

your present position as a

diamond icon and pro-

vides a real-time graphic“breadcrumb” display of

your track right on the

screen.

GETTING

STARTED

Position/MapPages & Going

To a Waypoint

The GOTO waypoint

page allows you to selecta destination from a

list of all available way-

points in the GPS 12XL’s

memory.


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Compass Page

Whenever you select a destination waypoint, theGPS 12XL provides graphic steering guidance with theCompass Page (the default navigation page). The “com-pass ring” in the middle of the page shows your courseover ground while you’re moving, with a pointer arrowto the destination displayed in the center. The arrowshows the direction of your destination from the direc-tion you are moving. For instance, if the arrow points

up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrowpoints any other direction (left, right, down, etc.), turntoward the arrow until it points up. Then continue inthat direction.

The bearing and distance to a waypoint are dis-played at the top of the screen, and your current trackand speed are shown below. The default ‘ETE’ field, atthe bottom of the screen, is a user-selectable field that

can provide a variety of navigation information. We’llcover more about that field in the reference section (seepage 36).

As you get close to ‘HOME’, you’ll be alerted topress PAGE. The GPS 12XL will give you the message“Approaching HOME”. Once you’ve arrived, you’llnotice the distance field will read 0.00.

Cancelling a GOTOIf you decide to stop navigating to the active way-point, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO.

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press theG key.

2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the‘CANCEL GOTO’ prompt at the bottom of the page and

pressE.

Compass Page and Cancelling

a GOTO

GETTING

STARTED

10

The GPS 12XL will also

provide steering guidance

with a Highway Page.

To change the display from the Compass Page,

press ENTER twice.

Once a GOTO is activat-

ed, the GPS 12XL pro-

vides steering guidance

until the GOTO is can-

celed. To cancel a GOTO,

highlight the cancel

prompt at the bottom of

the page and press

ENTER.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pointer toWaypoint

Selectable Field

Distance toWaypoint

Speed Over Ground

DestinationWaypoint

Track Over Ground

GraphicCompass


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Clearing a Cluttered Map Display

After you’ve used the GPS 12XL for a few trips, youmay find that your map display has become a bit messyfrom keeping track of your every move. For practice,let’s clean up the screen by clearing the track log (the

plot points left on the Map Page) we’ve just createdduring the Getting Started tour.

1. PressP orQ until the Map Page appears.

2. Highlight the ‘CFG’ field and pressE.

3. Highlight ‘Track Setup’ and pressE.

4. Highlight the ‘CLEAR LOG?’ option and pressE.

The clear log confirmation page will appear.

5. Use theL key to highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt.

6. PressE to finish.

Adjusting Screen Contrast

You can access the GPS 12XL’s contrast feature fromthe Satellite Page.

To adjust the screen contrast:1. PressP orQ until the Satellite Page

appears.

2. PressLorR to adjust the level of contrast, and pressE.

Screen Backlighting

Screen backlighting is available for nighttime use.

Activate backlighting by pressing theB key briefly.Backlighting will remain on for the time specified onthe system setup page (See page 42).

Turning the Receiver Off

You’ve now gone through the basic operation of your new GPS receiver and probably know a little morethan you think about how it works. We encourage you

to experiment with the GPS 12XL until it becomes anextension of your own navigation skills. If youencounter any problems using the unit or want to takeadvantage of the GPS 12XL’s more advanced features,turn to the reference section.

To turn the GPS 12XL off:

1. Press and hold theB key for 3 seconds.11

Highlight the ‘CLEAR

LOG?’ prompt and press

ENTER to clear the track

log.

Note: Once all 1024

points are used during

normal operation, the old-

est point will be continu-

ously deleted to make

room for the latest track

log point to be stored.

GETTING

STARTED

Clearing the Map, Adjusting

Contrast, &Power Off

Pressing the LEFT or RIGHT arrows from theSatellite Page will auto-matically activate thescreen contrast bar.


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Satellite Page

The GPS 12XL’s Satellite Page displays the status of various receiver functions. The status information willhelp you understand what the GPS 12XL is doing atany given time, and will tell you whether or not thereceiver has calculated a position fix.

Sky View and Signal Strength Bars

The sky view and signal strength bars give you an

indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver,whether or not they are being used to calculate a posi-tion fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky viewshows a bird’s-eye-view of the position of each availablesatellite relative to the unit’s last known position. Theouter circle represents the horizon (north up); the innercircle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point isdirectly overhead. You can use the sky view to help

determine if any satellites are being blocked, andwhether you have a current position fix (indicated by a‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ in the status field). You can alsoset the sky view to a track up configuration by changingthe ‘orientation’ option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 forsetup instructions.)

When the receiver is looking for a particular satel-lite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank

and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once thereceiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strengthbar will appear, indicating that the satellite has beenfound and the receiver is collecting data from it. Thesatellite number in the sky view will no longer appearhighlighted. As soon as the GPS 12XL has collected thenecessary data to calculate a fix, the status field willindicate a 2D or 3D status.

Satellite Page

REFERENCE

12

The GPS 12XL SatellitePage will help you deter-mine which satellites are

in view, and whether or not any satellites arebeing “shaded” or blocked from receiving satellitesignals (See satellites 07and 09 above).

By periodically monitor-ing the signal strength

bars at the bottom of the page and the north upsky view, you will be ableto see how moving toanother area with aclearer view of the skywill improve satellitereception and speed upsignal acquisition.

Battery

Indicator

Horizontal

Accuracy

Signal Strength

Indicators

Skyview

Display

Status

Field


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Receiver Status

Receiver status is indicated at the top left of thepage, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimatedposition error, in feet or meters) at the top right. Thestatus will be shown as one of the following conditions:

Searching— the GPS 12XL is looking for anyavailable satellites in view.

AutoLocate— the GPS 12XL is initializing andcollecting new almanac data. This process can take5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently inview.

Acquiring— the receiver is collecting data from

available satellites, but has not collected enoughdata to calculate a 2D fix.

2D Nav (2D Navigation)— at least three satel-lites with good geometry have been locked onto anda 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude)is being calculated. ‘2D Diff’ will appear when youare receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.

3D Nav (3D Navigation)— at least four satellites

with good geometry have been locked onto, andyour position is now being calculated in latitude,longitude and altitude. ‘3D Diff’ will appear when youare receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.

Poor Cvg (Poor GPS Coverage)— the receiverisn’t tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fixdue to bad satellite geometry.

Not Usable— the receiver is unusable, possibly

due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satelliteconditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset,and reinitialize the receiver if necessary.

Simulator— the receiver is in simulator mode.

EZinit Option Prompt

The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinitprompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated.

(The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring,simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you toreinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful if you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off and must initialize your new position. (The EZinitprompt will automatically appear if the receiver needsto be initialized. The prompt may also appear duringnormal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit isindoors. 13

The signal strength bars at

the bottom of the page will

not appear until the GPS

12XL has found the satel-lites indicated at the bot-

tom of the screen.

REFERENCE

Receiver Status& EZinit

If you travel more than

500 miles with the receiv-

er off, reinitialize the unitto your new position by

using the EZinit feature.

To access EZinit, press

ENTER from the Satellite

Page before any satellites

are acquired.


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Battery Level Indicator

The Satellite Page also features a battery level indi-cator, located to the left of the sky view, which displaysthe strength of the unit’s batteries. The battery indicatorwill not appear if the receiver is using external power.

The battery level indicator is calibrated for

alkaline batteries. Voltage differences will dis-

play Ni-Cad and lithium batteries differently .

No other receiver functions are affected.

The GPS 12XL features an internal lithium battery

that will maintain the unit’s memory when the receiveris not running off batteries or external power.

Backlighting Bulb Icon

The GPS 12XL features full-screen backlighting. Activate the backlight by pressing theB key briefly.Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Pagewhen backlighting is turned on.

Emergency Erase Function You may erase the GPS 12XL’s memory in four quick

steps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted,including: routes, waypoints, and the track log.

To erase all stored data:

1. Ensure that the GPS 12XL is turned off.

2. While holding down theMkey, hold down theBkey to turn the unit on. A warning message will appearwith “Yes?” highlighted, and ask you to confirm yourselection.

3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, pressRandE to cancel the emergency erase.

4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, press

E to confirm.

Battery Level,Backlighting &

Emergency Erase

REFERENCE

14

When backlighting is on, a

bulb icon will appear on

the Satellite Page.

Use the icon to determine

if backlighting is turned

on during daylight hours.

Upon activating the

Emergency EraseFunction, you will beasked to confirm your decision.

!


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Position Page

The second page in the GPS 12XL’s primary pagesequence is the Position Page. This page shows youwhere you are, what direction you’re heading, and howfast you’re going, and it’s most useful when you are

traveling without an active destination waypoint. Thegraphic heading display at the top of the page indicatesthe direction you’re heading (while you’re moving).

Directly below this display are the track, speed, andtrip odometer fields (default). Track is the compassdirection representing your course over the ground,and speed is how fast you’re moving. The lower left-hand corner of the page shows your current latitude

and longitude in degrees and minutes. The GPS 12XLuses this basic information to mark exact positions aswaypoints, which help guide you from one place toanother. The lower right-hand corner of the page con-tains the altitude field (default). Below that field is a12- or 24-hour clock.

Both the trip odometer and the altitude fields areuser selectable, and both offer a trip odometer, triptimer, and elapsed time. This way, you can always besure of viewing this information regardless of theoption you’ve selected to view in the other user-selec-table field.

The following user-selectable options are availableon the Position Page:

Trip Odometer (TRIP)— total distance

traveled since last reset.Trip Timer (TTIME)— total (cumulative)time in which a ground speed has beenmaintained since last reset.

Elapsed Time (ELPSD)— hours andminutes since last reset.

Average Speed (AVSPD)— average speedtraveled.

Maximum Speed (MXSPD)— maximumspeed traveled since last reset.

Altitude (ALT)— vertical distance abovesea level.

15

The speed and track displayed on the PositionPage may fluctuate at

slow speeds (or when you’re standing still)because of position errorscaused by Selective Availability.

REFERENCE

Position Page

The user selectable fields

on the Position Page give you a variety of informa-tion to choose from.


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To reset timer, speed measurement, or odometer:

1. Highlight the user-selectable field, and pressE.

2. PressE to confirm orQ to exit.

The trip odometer, trip timer, and average speed

fields are linked. Resetting one of these options in auser-selectable field will automatically reset the corre-sponding data in the other. This ensures that informa-tion shown in these fields reflects your current trip.

Maximum Speed Field

To obtain the most accurate reading of averagespeed, keep in mind that due to the sensitivity of the

GPS 12XL’s antenna, your maximum speed value mayinclude the effects of rapid movement, such as swingingyour arm while holding the unit.

To reset the maximum speed field:

1. Highlight the ‘MXSPD’ field, and pressE.

2. PressE to confirm the ‘RESET?’ prompt .

Altitude Field

When the GPS 12XL is acquiring satellites or navi-gating in the 2D mode, the last known altitude is usedto compute your position. You may also manually enteryour altitude for greater accuracy. In cases where theGPS 12XL has 2D coverage, entering your approximatealtitude will enable the receiver to determine a 3D fix.

To enter an altitude:

1. Highlight the ‘ALT’ field, and pressE.

2. Enter a value, and pressE.

Maximum Speed& Altitude

Fields

REFERENCE

16

Resetting the trip odome-ter will erase the previousmileage and set the

odometer to 0.

You may enter a known

altitude to assist the GPS12XL in establishing a 3-D fix.


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Marking a Position

The GPS 12XL allows you to mark and store up to500 position as waypoints. A waypoint can be enteredby taking an instant electronic fix, by manually enter-ing coordinates (pg. 20), or by using the bearing and

distance to a known position (pg. 20).To mark your present position:

1. PressM. The mark position page will appear,showing the captured position and a default three-digit name.

2. To save a default name and symbol, pressE toconfirm the ‘SAVE?’ prompt.

Position Averaging Function

The GPS 12XL positioning averaging function willhelp reduce the effects of selective availability uponposition error when marking a waypoint.

1. After you have pressed theM key, highlight the‘AVERAGE?’ field and pressE. The Figure ofMerit (FOM) field will display the value reflecting esti-

mated accuracy of the averaged position. Note: As the GPS 12XL calculates the FOM, it will rapidlychange before it stabilizes on one number.

2. The unit will continue averaging until you have high-lighted ‘SAVE?’ and pressedE.

To enter a different waypoint name:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and pressE.

2. Make the appropriate changes, and pressE.3. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and pressE.

Note: To enter a different waypoint symbol or com-ment, see pg. 21.

To add this waypoint to a route:

1. Highlight the ‘Add to route number’ field, and press

E.

2. Enter a route number, pressE to confirm theroute number, andE again to save the waypoint.

17

After initiating the posi-tion averaging function, aFigure of Merit value will

be displayed, and the‘SAVE?’ field will auto-matically be highlighted.

REFERENCE

Position Averaging

The GPS 12XL will save

new waypoints with adefault three-digit name.To add the waypoint to aroute, enter the desiredroute number, highlight‘SAVE?’ and pressENTER.


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Waypoint Pages

The GPS 12XL has three waypoint pages that letyou quickly manage up to 500 waypoints. Thesepages—nearest waypoints, waypoint list, and waypointdefinition—can be accessed through the Menu Page.

To select a waypoint page:

1. Access the Menu Page, and highlight a waypoint pageoption.

2. PressE.

Nearest Waypoints Page

The nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearest

waypoints that are within 100 miles of your presentposition, with the bearing and distance noted for eachwaypoint. This page will also let you retrieve a waypointdefinition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right fromthe list.

To review the waypoint definition page of a select-ed waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint.

2. PressE.

To return to the nearest waypoint page:

1. Highlight ‘DONE?’.

2. PressE.

To go to a highlighted list waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint, and pressG.2. PressE.

Waypoint List Page

The waypoint list page provides a complete list of all waypoints currently stored in the GPS 12XL andtheir respective waypoint symbols. The total number of empty and used waypoints is also indicated. From the

waypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint defini-tion page, delete all user-defined waypoints, delete way-points by symbol, or review and perform a GOTO to aselected waypoint.

To delete all user-defined waypoints:

1. Highlight ‘DELETE WPTS?’, and pressE.

NearestWaypoints &

Waypoint List

REFERENCE

18

To select a waypoint sub-menu, highlight thedesired option and press

ENTER.

Nearest Waypoints

Page The compass heading(BRG) and distance(DST) to the nine nearestwaypoints are updatedcontinuously.


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Waypoint List Page (continued)

An options page will appear, asking if you want todelete all user-defined waypoints or if you want todelete waypoints by symbol type.

1. Highlight either ‘ALL’ or ‘SYMBOL’, and pressE.

If you highlight ‘SYMBOL,’ you’ll be asked toselect a symbol.

1. Select the symbol to be deleted, and pressE.

2. PressE to confirm the ‘DONE’ prompt, highlight the ‘YES?’ prompt, and pressE.

Note: This feature is handy for deleting temporary

waypoints created by the TracBack function.Proximity Waypoints

The GPS 12XL’s proximity waypoint function warnsyou when you are getting too close to hazardous way-points. This function allows you to create up to nineproximity waypoints and designate an alarm circle foreach waypoint. If you enter this circle, a warning mes-sage will alert you.

To enter a proximity waypoint from the MenuPage:

1. Highlight ‘PROXIMITY WPTS’ and pressE.

2. Highlight the first empty waypoint field and press

E.

3. Use theU orD key to scroll through stored

waypoints until the desired waypoint appears.

4. PressE. The distance (DST) field will be auto-matically highlighted. Enter the desired distance.

5. Press theE key.

To review or remove a proximity waypoint:

1. UseU andD to select a proximity waypoint andpressE.

2. Highlight ‘REVIEW?’ or ‘REMOVE?’ and pressE.

If ‘REVIEW?’ is chosen, the waypoint page willappear, and you may make any changes to the selectedwaypoint. If ‘REMOVE?’ is chosen, the proximity way-point page will reappear with the waypoint removed.PressQ orP to return to the Menu Page.

19

Deleting waypoints bysymbol enables you todelete a specific group of

waypoints without losingall other waypoints.

REFERENCE

Waypoint List &Proximity

Waypoints

Quickly edit proximity

waypoints by highlightingthe waypoint name and pressing ENTER.


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Waypoint Definition Page

The waypoint definition page lets you create newwaypoints manually or review and edit an existing way-point’s coordinates, symbols, and comments. It is alsoused to delete an individual waypoint from memory(see pg. 22). To create a new waypoint manually, you’llneed to know its position coordinates or its approxi-mate distance and bearing from an existing waypoint.

To create a waypoint by entering coordinates:1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight ‘NEW?’,

and pressE.

2. Enter a waypoint name, and pressE.

3. PressE to select a waypoint symbol, make yourselection, and pressE.

4. Highlight the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and pressE to

return to the waypoint page.5. Highlight the “position” field, enter your position, and

pressE.

6. PressE to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Reference Waypoints

To create a new waypoint manually without know-ing its position coordinates, you’ll need to enter its

bearing and distance from an existing waypoint or yourpresent position.

To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint:

1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight ‘NEW?’,and pressE.

2. Enter a waypoint name, and pressE.

WaypointDefinition &

Reference Waypoints

REFERENCE

20

The GPS 12XL’s advancedwaypoint planning fea-tures allow you to createnew waypoints and prac-

tice navigation withoutever setting foot outside.

If you create a new waypoint by entering coordi-nates from a map, youmay want to re-mark thewaypoint’s exact positiononce you get there.

To re-define an existingwaypoint’s position coor-dinates from the waypointdefinition page, simplyhighlight the DST fieldand press ENTER. Use theLEFT arrow key to set thedistance to 0.00, and press

ENTER to confirm.The old coordinates will bereplaced by the coordi-nates of your present posi-tion (you must have avalid 2D or 3D position fix).

Waypoint

Name

Reference

WaypointDistance from

Reference

Waypoint

PositionCoordinates

Bearing from

Reference

Waypoint

Function Prompts

Waypoint Comment


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Reference Waypoints (cont.)

3. Highlight the ‘REF’ field, and pressE.

4. Enter a reference waypoint name (or leave the fieldblank to use your present position), and pressE.

5. Enter the bearing and distance of your new waypointfrom the reference waypoint.


Waypoint Symbols

The GPS 12XL allows you to select one of 16 sym-bols for each waypoint for easy recognition on the mapdisplay. From the symbol page, you may also select

how the waypoint appears on the map.To select a waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the symbol field, and pressE.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired symbol,and pressE.

3. The cursor will move to the display field, where youcan select which waypoint information is displayed

on the map.

4. PressE, and select one of the following displayoptions: ‘NAME WITH SYMBOL’, ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL’.

5. PressE to confirm your selection, andEagain to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Waypoint Comments

Each waypoint stored in the GPS 12XL has a user-defined 16-character comment field. The default com-ment is the UTC (or Greenwich mean time) date andtime of the waypoint’s creation.

To change or add a comment:

1. Highlight the comment field.

2. PressE.

Note: You can clear the comment field by press-ing the left side of the rocker keypad.

3. Enter the desired comment.

4. PressE.

21

Waypoint symbols enable you to instantly get moreinformation about a way-

point than just its name.

REFERENCE

WaypointSymbols &

Comments

The waypoint comment

field will automaticallyassign the date and time of creation to the waypointcomment field. You mayenter a 16-character user comment at any time.


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Renaming and Deleting Waypoints

The rename and delete function fields are locatedalong the bottom side of the waypoint definition page.

To rename a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight ‘RENAME?’, and pressE.2. Enter the new waypoint name, and pressE.

3. PressE to confirm the ‘Yes?’ prompt.

To delete a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight ‘DELETE?’, and pressE.

2. Highlight the ‘Yes?’ prompt, and pressE.

Note: To delete a waypoint that’s part of a route,first remove the waypoint from the route (see pg. 30),and then delete it. If you attempt to delete a waypointthat’s part of a route, you’ll be given a “Route WaypointCan’t be Deleted” message.

Scanning Waypoints

As you manually enter a waypoint’s name, the GPS

12XL’s waypoint scanning feature will automatically dis-play the first numerical or alphabetical match of thecharacter you have entered to that point. This helpseliminate the need to always enter a waypoint’s com-plete name.

To scan waypoints from a waypoint field:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and pressE.

2. Press the left side of the keypad to clear the namefield.

3. Scroll through the waypoints.

Note: The GPS 12XL’s waypoint scanning featurewill offer the first waypoint that matches the characteror characters you have entered up to that point. If youhave more than one waypoint that begins with the sameletter or number, move to the next character position asneeded.

4. When you find the desired waypoint, pressE.

Rename, Delete & Scan

Waypoints

REFERENCE

22

You may wish to quicklysave waypoints by press-ing MARK and then

ENTER, thus assigning adefault name. You maythen rename the waypointat a later date. Any waypoint may be renamed atany time.

Scanning waypoints fromthe waypoint definition page gives you instantaccess to a specific waypoint’s information.


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Selecting a GOTO Destination

The GPS 12XL provides four ways to navigate to adestination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack, and route naviga-tion. The most basic method of selecting a destinationis the GOTO function, which lets you choose any

stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets adirect course from your present position.

To activate the GOTO function:

1. PressG.

2. Select the waypoint you want to navigate to, andpressE.

Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, theCompass Page or Highway Page will provide steeringguidance to the destination until either the GOTO iscancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the activeroute (see pg 30).

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press theG key.

2. Highlight ‘CANCEL GOTO?’, and pressE.

Man Overboard Function

The GPS 12XL’s man overboard function (MOB) letsyou simultaneously mark and set a course to a positionfor quick response to passing positions.

To activate the MOB mode:

1. PressG twice. The GOTO waypoint page will

appear with ‘MOB’ selected.2 PressE to begin MOB navigation.

The GPS 12XL will now guide you to the MOBwaypoint until the MOB GOTO is cancelled. If youwant to save the MOB waypoint, be sure to rename itbecause it will be overwritten the next time a MOB isactivated.

23

Select a destination waypoint from the GOTOwaypoint list.

REFERENCE

Select a GOTO& MOB

Function

Once the MOB mode hasbeen activated, steering guidance will be provided

by the Compass or Highway Page. Activatinganother MOB will over-write the previous MOBwaypoint.


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TracBack Navigation

GARMIN’s patented TracBack feature allows you toquickly retrace your path using the track log automati-cally stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates theneed to mark waypoints along the way and manually

create and activate a route back to where you beganyour trip. Three track recording options are available:

Off—no plot will be recorded.

Fill—a track plot will be recorded until track mem-ory is full.

Wrap—a track plot will be continuously recorded,wrapping through the available memory (replacing

the oldest data with new data).To select a track log option:

1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, pressE, select anoption, and pressE.

Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead youback to the oldest track log point stored in memory, soit’s usually a good idea to clear the existing track log atthe start of each trip.

To clear the track log and define a starting pointfor a TracBack route:

1. From the Map Page, pressE, highlight the ‘TRACKSETUP’ option, and pressE.

2. Highlight ‘CLEAR LOG?’, pressE, highlight ‘Yes?’,and pressE.

To activate a TracBack route:1. PressG, highlight ‘TRACBACK?’, and pressE.

Once the TracBack function has been activated, theGPS 12XL will take the track log currently stored inmemory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to30 temporary waypoints will be created to mark themost significant features of the track log in order toduplicate your exact path as closely as possible. These

points will be indicated by a ‘T001’ number on the way-point list, and by a ‘T’ symbol on the Map Page.

The active route page will appear, showing a routefrom your present position to the oldest track log pointin memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will beprovided back to the starting point of your track log. Note: You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, butonly if the route is not active.

TracBack

REFERENCE

24

WARNING:

Setting the track record-ing to OFF will disablethe TracBack function.

Highlight ‘TRACBACK?’

and press ENTER to beginTracBack navigation.


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Tips On the TracBack Feature

• Always clear your track log at the exact point thatyou want to go back to (trail head, truck, etc.).

• The ‘RECORD’ option on the track log setup pagecan be set to either the ‘WRAP’ or ‘FILL’ positions.

• There must be at least two track log points storedin memory to create a TracBack route.

• If there are not enough available waypoints inmemory to create a TracBack route, you will bealerted with a ‘waypoint memory full’ message,and the receiver will use any available waypointsto create a TracBack route with an emphasis on

the track log closest to the destination (the oldesttrack log point in memory).

• If the ‘METHOD’ option on the track log setuppage is set to a time interval, the TracBack routemay not follow your exact path. (Keeping the cri-teria set to automatic will always provide themost detailed TracBack route.)

• If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite

coverage during your trip, the TracBack route willsimply draw a straight line between any pointwhere coverage was lost and where it resumed.

• If the changes in direction and distance of yourtrack log are complex, 30 waypoints may not beenough to accurately mark your exact path. Thereceiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to themost significant points of your track, and simplify

segments with fewer changes in direction.• To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open

storage route before activating another TracBack. Activating another TracBack or storage route willoverwrite the existing TracBack route.

• Whenever a TracBack route is activated, thereceiver will automatically erase any temporarywaypoints that are not contained in routes 1-19.

If there are temporary waypoints stored in routes1-19, the receiver will create any new temporarywaypoints using the first three-digit numberavailable. (You can also quickly delete all tempo-rary TracBack waypoints in memory by using the‘DELETE BY SYMBOL’ method described on pg.19.)

25

The TracBack feature willnavigate your track logback to the oldest point in

the receiver’s memory.

REFERENCE

TracBack

The track log will be

divided into segments withtemporary waypoints tocreate a route back to thebeginning of the track log.


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Route Navigation

The last form of navigating to a destination with theGPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The routenavigation feature lets you plan and navigate a coursefrom one place to another using a set of pre-defined

waypoints. Routes are often used when it’s not practical,safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particu-lar destination (e.g., through a body of water or impass-able terrain).

Routes are broken down and navigated in smallersegments called “legs”. The waypoint you are going toin a leg is called the “active to” waypoint and the way-point immediately behind you is called the “active from”waypoint. The line between the “active to” and the“active from” waypoint is called the “active leg”.

Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12XL,

it will automatically select the route leg closest to yourposition as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint inthe route, the receiver will automatically sequence andselect the next waypoint as the “active to” waypoint.

Routes

REFERENCE

26

Waypoint 2(“active to” waypoint)

Waypoint 1(“active from” waypoint)

“Active Leg”


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Route Definition Page

The last form of navigating to a destination withthe GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. TheGPS 12XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each.

The route navigation feature lets you plan and navi-gate a course from one place to another using a set of pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when it’s

not practical, safe, or possible to navigate a directcourse to a particular destination (e.g., through a bodyof water or impassable terrain).

The bottom of the route definition page featuresseveral ‘function’ fields which let you copy, clear, invert,or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used asstorage routes, with route 0 always serving as the activeroute you are navigating. If you want to save a route

that’s currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to anotheropen route, as it will be overwritten by the next routeactivation.

Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and acti-vated through the route definition page.

To select the route definition page:

1. Highlight ‘ROUTES’ from the Menu Page, and press

E.

The ‘route number’ field is displayed at the top of the page, with a 16-character ‘user comment’ field tothe right. If no user comment is entered, the field dis-plays the first and last waypoint in the route. The way-point list on the left side of the page accepts up to 30waypoints for each route, with fields for desired trackand distance between legs. The total route distance is

indicated below the waypoint list.

27

Routes enable you to storeand use groups of fre-quently used waypoints

together.

REFERENCE

Route DefinitionPage

Enter each waypoint inthe order you would like to

navigate them. If youenter a waypoint notstored in memory, you’llneed to define the positionon the waypoint definition page.

Comment

Field

Desired

Track of Leg

Total

Distance

RouteNumber

Copy Field

Function Prompts

Leg Distance


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Creating and Navigating Routes

To create a route from the route definition page:

1. Highlight the ‘ROUTE:’ field, and pressE.

2. Enter a route number, and pressE. (Only open

routes will be available.)

3. PressE to begin entry of a route comment.

4. Enter your comment, and press theE key.

5. Enter the first waypoint of your route, and press

E. As you continue entering the rest of your way-points, the list will automatically scroll down.

Whenever you activate a route, it will automatically

select the route leg closest to your position as the activeleg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiverwill automatically sequence and select the next way-point as the active to waypoint.

Activating and Inverting Routes

After a route has been entered, it can be either acti-vated in sequence or inverted from the route definition

page. The process of activating or inverting a storedroute takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies itinto the active route (route 0) for navigation. The stor-age route is now no longer needed and will be retainedin its original format under its existing route number.

This system allows you to have an active route thatyou may edit during navigation and save as an entirelynew route from the original. You will have to copy the

active route to an unused storage route to save it, sincenew route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0.

To activate a route:

1. From the route definition page, highlight the ‘ROUTE:’field.

2. Enter the route number to be activated, and press

E.

3. Highlight ‘ACT?’, and pressE.To activate a route in inverted order:

1. Follow the steps above, but select ‘INV?’, and press

E.

Using Routes

REFERENCE

28

You may use up to 16characters to customname a route. The default

name will be the first andlast waypoint in the route.

To activate a route, high-

light the ‘ACT?’ promptand press ENTER.


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Active Route Page

Once a route has been activated, the active routepage will display the waypoint sequence of your routewith the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your presentspeed and the distance to each waypoint. As long as

you are navigating an active route, the active route pagewill become part of the main page sequence of the unit.The active route page will also allow you to change the‘ETE’ field to display desired track (DTK) or estimatedtime of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear orinvert the active route.

To display DTK or ETA for each leg:

1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and pressE.

2. Select ‘DTK’ or ‘ETA’, and pressE.

The active route page also allows you to clear (stopnavigating) or invert the active route without using theroute definition page.

To invert a route from the active route page:

1. Highlight ‘INV?’, and pressE.

To stop route navigation:1. Select ‘CLR?’, and pressE.

Copying and Clearing Routes

The route definition page is also used to copy aroute to another route number. This feature is usefulwhen you make changes to the active (or TracBack)route and want to save the route in its modified form

for future use.To copy a route:

1. Highlight the ‘route number’ field, and pressE.

2. Select the route number to be copied, and press

E.

3. Highlight the ‘COPY TO’ field, and pressE.

4. Scroll through the available routes and select a desti-nation route number. (Only open routes will be avail-able.) PressE to copy the route.

To clear a route from memory:

1. Highlight the ‘ROUTE:’ field, and pressE.

2. Enter the route number, and pressE.

3. Select ‘CLR?’, and pressE.

4. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and pressE.

29

Active Route Page

Whenever you have anactive route, the active

route page will appear inthe primary pagesequence after theCompass/Highway Page.

REFERENCE

Active Route,Copying, &

Clearing

To copy a route, select an

open storage route and press the ENTER key. If you select a route that isalready used, you’ll bealerted with a ‘Route Full’message.


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Editing Routes

A route can be edited any time after its creation.

To edit a route from the active route page orthe route definition page:

1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and pressE. An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear,with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, orchanging the waypoint field highlighted. This field con-tains the following options:

• Review?— reviews the waypoint’s definition page

• Insert?— adds a new waypoint that precedes theselected waypoint

• Remove?— deletes a selected waypoint

• Change?— replaces the selected waypoint with anew waypoint

You may delete a waypoint from a route, but only if the route is not active. Note: Editing the original storageroute will not affect route 0. If you want to save an edit-ed version of route 0, save it to an open storage route.

On-Route GOTOs

At the beginning of this section, we mentioned thatthe GPS 12XL will automatically select the route legclosest to your position as the active leg. This will giveyou steering guidance to the desired track of the activeleg. Note that the first waypoint selected as the destina-tion waypoint will be the route leg closest to your pre-

sent position. This may mean you’re not navigating tothe first waypoint in the active route—you may be navi-gating to the last. If you prefer to navigate a route out of sequence, you can perform an “on-route GOTO” fromthe active route page.

To perform an “on-route GOTO” from the activeroute page:

1. Highlight the desired route waypoint, and pressG.

2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears with the way-point highlighted, pressE.

Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO way-point, the GPS 12XL will automatically resume navigat-ing the rest of the route in sequence using the page youwere on before performing a GOTO.

Editing Routes& On-Route

GOTO’s

REFERENCE

30

Use the on-screen menu toselect the desired editing function.

To edit or review a route

waypoint from the activeroute page, highlight thedesired waypoint and press ENTER.


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Selecting a User-Defined Navigation Page

Once you’ve selected a GOTO destination or acti-vated a TracBack, MOB, or route, the GPS 12XL willprovide graphic steering guidance to the destinationwith one of two navigation pages:

•The Compass Page (default) provides a direc-

tional pointer to the destination, with a rotatingcompass display to show your direction of travel.The Compass Page provides better steering guid-ance for car travel, hiking, or biking, wherestraight-line navigation usually is not possible.

•The Highway Page provides a graphic highwaythat shows your movement relative to the desiredcourse, with an emphasis on your crosstrack error

(the distance and direction you are off course).This page also features a course deviation indica-tor (CDI) (see pg. 34). The Highway Page is well-suited for water or off-road recreation wherestraight-line navigation is possible.

Both pages provide a digital display of the bearingand distance to the destination, and your current speedand track over the ground. You can switch to either

Navigation Page at any time.To select either Navigation Page:

1. PressE from the existing Navigation Page, andE again to change the page.

31

To switch the navigation page to the CompassPage, press ENTER twice.

REFERENCE

NavigationPages

To switch the navigation

page to the Highway Page, press ENTER twice.

Compass Page Highway Page


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Selecting a User-Defined Navigation Page (cont.)

The ‘ETE’ field, located in the middle-bottom of both pages, is a user-selectable field that allows you todisplay a variety of navigation values for your trip.

To access the user-selectable field:

1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and pressE.

2. Use the keypad to scroll through the possible options.

The following data options are available for theNavigation Pages:

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)— the time leftto your destination based on your present speedand track.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)— the time of day of your arrival at a destination, based on currentground speed and track.

Course to Steer (CTS)— the bearing which willgive you the most efficient way to stay on course toyour destination.

Crosstrack Error (XTK)— the distance you areoff the desired course in either direction. This fieldwill give you a digital representation of the CDIscale.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)— the speed youare traveling toward the destination.

Turn (TRN)— the amount of correction indegrees needed to travel directly to the destination.

NavigationPages

REFERENCE

32

Use the user selectable field to customize the nav-igation pages.

The turn option will show

you the number of degrees you need to turn to headdirectly to your destina-tion.

Track Over Ground

User-Selectable Field

Distance to

WaypointGraphicCompass


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Using the Compass Page

The Compass Page provides better steering guid-ance than the Highway Page for travel at slower speeds(ex. walking) and for travel with many directionalchanges.

The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the way-point are displayed at the top of the page, below thedestination waypoint name. The distance displayed is

the straight-line distance from your present position tothe destination waypoint. The bearing indicates theexact compass heading from you to the destination.

The middle of the page features a rotating “compassring” that shows your course over ground while youare moving (track up orientation), with a pointer arrowto the destination displayed in the center. The arrowshows the direction of your destination from the direc-

tion you are moving. For instance, if the arrow pointsup, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrowpoints any direction (left, right, down, etc.), turntoward the arrow until it points up. Then continue inthat direction.

The bottom of the page shows your track (TRK),speed (SPD), and a user-selectable field for ETE, ETA,CTS, XTK, VMG, or TRN.

When you are one minute away from your destina-tion (based on your current speed and track overground), the GPS 12XL will alert you with a flashingon-screen message box.

33

In this example, theCompass Page indicatesthat you are traveling in awest (261 degrees) direc-

tion and the destinationwaypoint is north (291degrees) of your currentdirection of travel.

REFERENCE

Compass Page

In this example, theCompass Page indicates

that you are travelingin a north (350 degrees)direction and thedestination waypoint iswest (291 degrees) of your current direction of travel.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pointer toWaypoint

Speed Over Ground

DestinationWaypoint


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Using the Highway Page

The GPS 12XL’s Highway Page provides graphicsteering guidance to a destination waypoint, with agreater emphasis on the straight-line desired course andthe distance and direction you are off course. The bear-ing and distance to a waypoint - along with your cur-rent track and speed - are displayed at the top of thescreen.

As you head toward your destination, the middle of the screen provides visual guidance to your waypointon a moving graphic “highway.” Your present position isrepresented by the diamond in the center of the coursedeviation scale. The line down the middle of the high-way represents your desired track. As you navigatetoward a waypoint, the highway will actually move—indicating the direction you’re off course—relative tothe position diamond on the CDI scale. When the high-

way is pointing straight up the screen, the waypoint isdirectly ahead. If the destination waypoint is to the left,the top of the highway will lead to the left, and viceversa. To stay on course, simply steer in the directionthe highway leads (left or right) until the highway leadsstraight up the page.

If you do get off the desired course by more than1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance you

are off course will be displayed where the CDI scale set-ting normally appears. If you get too far off course (thehighway has disappeared), a message box will appear toindicate what course to steer to get back on course. (Forinformation on how to set this scale, see pg. 44.) As youapproach a waypoint, a horizontal “finish line” willmove toward the bottom of the highway. When the fin-ish line reaches the CDI scale, you’ve arrived at your

destination.

Highway Pages

REFERENCE

34

In this example, theHighway Page indicatesthat you are off course tothe left. Steer right to get

back on course. Notice thehighway always shows thedirection to turn. If thehighway leads straight upthe page, you should con-tinue in your currentdirection.

If you get too far off course, a message box willappear to indicate whatcourse to steer to get backon course most efficiently.

Bearing toWaypoint

GraphicHighway

CDI Scale

Distance toWaypoint

User Selectable

Field

Speed Over

Ground

Track Over Ground

DestinationWaypoint


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Map Page

The Map Page shows your position and surround-ings, and provides you with a target cursor that letsyou pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the dis-tance and bearing to a map position, and mark newwaypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is brokendown into two sections: control fields and map section.

The zoom function, panning control, and configu-

ration fields are located at the top of the screen. Thezoom function uses 12 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2to 320 miles or 0.5 to 600 km. (Using the zoom, pan-ning, and configure fields will be addressed in the nextsection.)

The map portion of the page displays your presentposition as a diamond icon, with your track and/orroute displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are

represented as squares, with the waypoint name alsolisted. You may select which of these features areshown through the map setup submenu page (see pg.38-39 for more information).

The four corners of the Map Page are used to dis-play various navigation data, including the bearing anddistance to a destination waypoint and your currenttrack and speed over the ground. The two fields at the

top corners of the map show your bearing and distanceto one of three selectable destinations: an active desti-nation waypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, orthe panning target crosshair. If you are not navigatingto a waypoint or using the panning function, the topdata fields will not be displayed. Your current track andspeed are shown at the bottom corners of the display.

35

Note: A map scale repre-sents the distance shown from the bottom to the top

of the Map Page. For example, when viewingthe 10 mile scale, the dis-tance represented betweenthe top of the screen andbottom is 10 miles.

REFERENCE

Map Page

The four corners of theMap Page are used toshow your course, speed,and distance to either acursor or to a destinationwaypoint.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pan & ConfigureFields

Track Over Ground

Speed Over

Ground

Distance to

Waypoint

Zoom Scale

PresentPosition


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Zooming, Panning, and Configuring

There are four main functions you can perform fromthe Map Page— zooming, pointing, panning, and con-figuring (changing the map and track setup). Each of these functions has its own “field”, which may be select-

ed and activated for use. Whenever the Map Page firstappears, the zoom field (at the top left) is always high-lighted. The map has 12 map scales which are selectedthrough the zoom function field.

To select a zoom scale:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the zoom field.

2. Press theE key to begin range selection.

3. Select a range scale and pressE.

The second function field on the Map Page is thepan field, located at the top middle of the screen. Thepan function allows you to move the map with the fourarrow keys to view areas outside the current map.

To activate the pan function:

1. From the zoom field, highlight the pan field.

2. Press theE key to activate the pan function.

3. Use the arrow keys to move the map in any direction.

As you begin to move the map, a crosshair (plussign) will appear. This crosshair will now serve as a tar-get marker for the moving map. The distance and bear-ing to your destination will now be replaced by the dis-

tance and bearing from your present position to the tar-get crosshair.

When you pan around the map, you’ll notice thetarget crosshair will “snap” to on-screen waypoints andhighlight the waypoint name. Once a waypoint name ishighlighted, you can either review its waypoint defini-tion page or waypoint display options, or execute aGOTO function right from the Map Page.

To review the waypoint definition page for a high-lighted waypoint:

1. PressE while the waypoint is highlighted.

Zooming,Panning, &

Configuring

REFERENCE

36

A crosshair will appear when you activate the pan function. The distance anddirection of the crosshair

from your current positionwill be shown in the upper corners of the Map Page.

On-Screen Pointing The crosshair will “snap”to displayed waypoints,which allows you to quick-ly review or go to theselected waypoint right from the Map Page.


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Zooming, Panning, and Configuring (cont.)

From the waypoint definition page, you can alsodefine how each individual waypoint is displayed onthe map. The GPS 12XL displays waypoints as a namewith a corresponding symbol (e.g., “nearest fuel” and a

gas pump symbol), a symbol only (e.g., a fish symbol),or a 16-character comment and corresponding symbol(e.g., “great view” and the camp site symbol). The way-point name has a six character limit while the “com-ment” field has a 16-character limit, and there are 16individual waypoint symbols available.

To select a waypoint display option:

1. Highlight the “symbol” field (to the right of the namefield), and pressE.

2. Move the cursor to the ‘DISPLAY’ field, and press

E.

3. Select a display option, and pressE to select oneof the following display options: ‘NAME WITH SYM-BOL,’ ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or ‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL.’


5. PressE again (on the waypoint definition page) to return to the Map Page.

The last function you can perform with a waypointhighlighted on the Map Page is a GOTO directly to thewaypoint.

To go to a waypoint highlighted on the Map Page:

1. PressG.

2. PressE to confirm the GOTO waypoint page.

Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to Waypoints

During panning, the crosshair represents a targetposition right on the Map Page, with the range andbearing to the target displayed at the top corners of thescreen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark anew waypoint position or as a GOTO destination rightfrom the map field.

To mark the target crosshair as a new waypoint:

1. PressM.

2. Enter a name and/or route number, and pressE.

37

You may custom tailor theMap Page to show waypoints by any of three

options.

REFERENCE

WaypointDisplay &

Marking Cursor

Marking a Cursor

PositionTo mark a new waypointwith the crosshair, simply pan to the desired positionand press the MARK key.


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Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to (cont.)

You can also use the target crosshair as an instantGOTO destination. This feature is similar to the MOBmode, and will allow you to mark and instantly set acourse for a new waypoint called ‘MAP’.

To go to the target crosshair:

1. PressG, and pressE.

To save the MAP waypoint, be sure to rename itbecause it will be overwritten with the next GOTO.

To stop the panning function:1. PressQ.

Accessing Map Setup/Track Setup Windows You can access two additional pages—the map

setup page and the track setup page—by highlightingthe ‘CFG’ field at the top right of the Map Page, andpressingE. The map setup and track setup windowwill appear, ready for you to select one.

To select map setup or track setup:

1. Highlight either option, and pressE.

Map Setup Page and Orientation

The map setup page lets you select the Map Pageand satellite sky view (see pg. 38) orientation, as well asspecify what items are displayed. The Map and SatellitePages may be oriented to ‘NORTH UP,’ ‘TRACK UP’ (thedirection of current travel), or ‘DTK UP’ (desired trackup, or the direction of travel to stay on course). The

default setting is track up.

To change the map orientation:

1. Highlight the ‘map’ field, and pressE.

2. Select the desired orientation, and pressE.

Note: Selecting the ‘DTK UP’ option will set thesatellite sky view to track up orientation.

The rest of the map setup page lets you specify whatitems are displayed or plotted on the Map Page byselecting ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ in the appropriate field.

• ’Rings’— displays the three present position rangerings on the map.

• ’Route’— plots the straight-leg lines between way-points of an active route and displays allroute waypoint names.

Using Cursor &Map Setup

REFERENCE

38

The ‘CFG’ field givesaccess to the map setupand track setup pages,

right from the Map Page.

The Map Page’s defaultscreen orientation is trackup. “Track Up” meansthat your current directionof travel is always up (or towards the top of) thescreen. It can also be set for north up or desiredtrack up orientation.


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Map Setup Page and Orientation (cont.)

• ’Nearest’— shows the nine nearest waypoints to yourposition (black diamond) on the map.

• ’Names’— displays the waypoint name for the ninenearest waypoints.

• ’Track Log’— displays and plots track points on themap.

To turn a map item on or off:

1. Highlight ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ for the specific map item, andpressE.

Track Setup Page

The track setup page lets you manage the GPS12XL’s track log data. You can also select whether torecord a track log and define how it is recorded.

To turn the track log on or off:

1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, and pressE.

2. Select ‘OFF, FILL, or WRAP’, and pressE. (Note:Turning the track recording off will prevent using

TracBack).

Track Method

The stored track method determines how oftenpositions are stored in the track log. The default settingis automatic, which will store a track based on resolu-tion. This setting gives the most efficient use of trackmemory and provides the best TracBack route.

To change the method to record points based ona specific time interval:

1. Highlight the ‘METHOD’ field, and pressE.

2. Select ‘TIME INTERVAL’, and pressE twice.

3. Enter hours, minutes, and seconds, and pressE.

Track Log Display

The track log option sets the number of points theunit will attempt to display on the Map Page. Thedefault setting of 250 points provides good resolutionwith minimal screen clutter. The maximum setting is1024 points. Once you’ve reached the maximum num-ber of track points, the older points will be lost as newpoints are added. Note that adjusting the track pointsdisplayed will not affect whether the receiver records a

track log or the ability to create a TracBack route.

39

Use the track setup pageto control the way the GPS12XL manages your track

log.

REFERENCE

Map & TrackSetup

Entering a time interval in

to the track recording cri-

teria will plot your posi-

tion points further apart

than they would be in the

‘Automatic’ setting. Thiswill increase the distance

you can travel without

using up your track log,

but will greatly reduce the

effectiveness of TracBack.


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Managing and Clearing the Track Log

The rest of the track setup window displays the per-centage of available memory currently used to storetrack log data, as well as function fields to clear thetrack log memory and activate the TracBack feature.

To clear the track log:

1. Highlight ‘CLEAR LOG?’, and pressE.

2. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and pressE.

Note: It’s a good idea to clear the track log at theend of the trail head, etc., in order to make the best useof the TracBack feature.

Menu PageThe GPS 12XL’s Menu Page provides access to addi-

tional pages (submenus) that are used to select and cus-tomize operation and navigation setup. These eightpages are divided into categories by function. We’vealready gone over the waypoint and route managementpages in their respective sections. Let’s review the rest of these pages in the order they appear on the Menu Page.

To select a submenu page from the Menu Page:

1. Highlight the page, and pressE.

2. To return to the Menu Page, pressQ.

Distance and Sun Calculations

The distance and sun calculation page will give youthe distance and bearing between any two waypoints or

between your present position and a waypoint. It willalso calculate the sunrise and sunset (in local time) for aparticular date at either your present position or anystored waypoint.

To perform a distance and sun calculation:

1. Highlight the ‘FROM’ field, enter the desired waypoint,and pressE.

2. Highlight the ‘TO’ field, enter the destination waypoint,and pressE.

3. The ‘DATE’ field will become highlighted. Enter thedate you’ll arrive at your destination, and pressE.

If you haven’t marked your present position as awaypoint or you leave the ‘TO’ field blank, the sunriseand sunset at your present position will be shown.

Track Log &Distance/Sun

Calculation

REFERENCE

40

Clear the track log anytime your screen gets clut-tered or to make more

room to store points to beused for a TracBack.

The GPS 12XL will calcu-

late the sunrise and sunset

times of any stored way-

point or your present posi-

tion. To calculate, enter

the date and year and

press ENTER.


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System Setup

The system setup page is used to select the operat-ing mode, time offset, and screen preferences. The GPS12XL has two operating modes:

• Normal Mode operates the unit at maximumperformance, and provides battery life of up to 12hours on alkaline batteries.

• Simulator Mode allows you to operate the unitwithout acquiring satellites, and is ideal for prac-

ticing or entering waypoints and routes while at

home.

To select an operating mode:1. Highlight the ‘MODE’ field, and pressE.

2. Select a mode, and pressE.

Date and Time Setup

The date and time is located directly below themode field. Note: Date and time information is derivedfrom the GPS satellites and cannot be changed by the

user. Because the time shown is UTC (Greenwich meantime) time, you will need to enter a time offset to dis-play the correct local time for your area. To determinethe time offset for your area, note your position andrefer to the chart in Appendix C.

To enter the time offset:

1. Highlight the ‘OFFSET’ field, and pressE.

2. Enter the time offset, and pressE.Note: Move the cursor to the left to change the plus

or minus sign.

Time Format

The time display shown on the system setup andPosition Pages may be set to display the time in a 12-or 24-hour format.

To select the time format:

1. Highlight the ‘HOURS’ field, and pressE.

2. Select 12- or 24-hour display, and pressE.

41

The GPS 12XL’s two oper-ating modes are accessedthrough the system setup

submenu.

REFERENCE

Date & Time Setup

To display the correct

local time, you must enter the appropriate offset

from the chart at the end

of Appendix C.


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Screen Contrast

The GPS 12XL has adjustable screen contrast con-trolled by an on-screen bar scale.

To set the screen contrast:

1. Highlight the ‘CONTRAST’ field, and pressE.

2. Adjust the bar scale to the desired contrast, and press

E.

Note: The screen

the radiant serie procedure

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