the real pirates of the caribbean; a golden age
DESCRIPTION
Who were they? What was their impact from the 1600s to the 1720s in this region? Were they romantic, honorable, successful, admirable, glamorous? You will decide.TRANSCRIPT
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THE REAL PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN
A GOLDEN AGE ?
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JOLLY ROGER
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DEFINITIONS and TIME SPAN Buccaneers Pirates Privateers French Corsairs Dutch Sea Beggars English Sea Dogs
Action in the Caribbean spanned from 1500s to 1830s but
Golden Age was from 1650 to 1730
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REASONS
Profiteering
Political
Religious
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MAIN PLAYERS Spanish: Cartagena, Havana, Santiago de Cuba,
San Juan, Maracaibo, Santo Domingo, Trinidad; Porto Bello in Panama and Veracruz in New Spain
English: Barbados, St Kitts, Nevis; later Jamaica, Bermuda, Antigua, Montserrat and Eleuthera
French: Bahamas, Tortuga, Petit-Goave in Hispaniola (Haiti today); Guadeloupe and Martinique
Dutch: Trinidad, Curacao
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CAUSES
Changes in Demographics
Spanish Ports
Protestant Ports
European Struggles
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GOLDEN AGE OF PIRACY, 1650-1730 European dynastic intrigue and
warfare Colonial governors turned to
buccaneers Port Royal, Jamaica: English pirate
haven Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser
Antilles); Tortuga and Western Hispaniola: French pirate haven
Trinidad: Dutch Pirate haven Nassau, New Providence: all pirates haven
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FAMOUS CARIBBEAN PIRATES Jean Fleury Francois Le Clerk: ‘Jambe de Bois’ Edward Thatch, Teach, or Drummond:
‘Blackbeard’ Henry Morgan Stede Bonnet: ‘The Gentleman Pirate’ Charles Vane ‘Calico Jack’ Rackham Anne Bonny and Mary Read Edward (Ned) Low William ‘Captain’ Kidd Bartholomew Roberts
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THE STAGE
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JEAN FLEURY
French privateer Spain’s nemesis Captured most of
Moctezuma’s treasure, 1522
Captured many Spanish vessels
He was captured and executed in 1527
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FRANCOIS LE CLERC French Formidable privateer Nicknamed ‘Jambe de
Bois’ Ransacked Porto Santo,
1552 Pillaged and burned
down Santo Domingo, 1553
Plundered Santiago de Cuba and Panama, 1554
Settled in Saint Tomas Killed in 1563
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EDWARD THATCH, TEACH or DRUMMOND - BLACKBEARD English, born c. 1680 Operated off the coast
of N.A: 1714-18 Frigate ‘Queen Anne’s
Revenge’ Placed slow-burning
fuses under hat and on beard: ‘fiendish apparition from Hell’
Killed by British officer and crew:5 bullets and 20 slashes
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HENRY MORGAN
Welsh Pirate and
Privateer Attacked and
captured the City of Panama
English hero Titled nobleman Enormous sugar
plantation in Jamaica
Died in his bed, rich and respected
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STEEDE BONNET
Barbadian, English family
‘The Gentleman Pirate’
Sugar planter turned pirate in 1717
Sailed with Blackbeard as guest or prisoner
Captured and hanged
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CHARLES VANE English Operated out of
Nassau Rebelled against
governor Rogers His quartermaster was
Calico Jack Rackham Calico Jack deposed
him Captured and hanged
in Jamaica, 1720
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CALICO JACK RACKHAM English Invented the skull and
crossed swordsflag Anne Bonny’s
lover/husband/crew member
Mary Read: 2nd crew member
Operated in Bahamas Captured and hanged
in 1720
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ANNE BONNY Irish Pirate but never
captain Sailed under command
of Calico Jack Ruthless and fierce Sensational trial in
Jamaica, 1720 Escaped execution for
being pregnant Gave birth and
disappeared
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EDWARD (NED) LOW English Brutal pirate In 3 years, captured
over 100 ships Tortured many people His crew mutinied in
1724 He was rescued by a
French vessel Was hanged on
Martinique
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WILLIAM ‘CAPTAIN’ KIDD Scottish (c.1645-1701) Privateer and pirate? Prominent citizen in NY Became Captain after
mutiny Ship named ‘Blessed
William’ Killed one crewman Buried treasure? Hanged 1701 after
sensational trial
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BARTHOLOMEW ROBERTS
Welsh Most successful Sank or captured
about 459 ships Plagued the
Caribbean until 1722
Ships: ‘Fortune’ Returned to Africa
and died in naval battle, 1722
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ARTICLES
1. Equal vote and equal shares 2. Cheating: nose and ears split and
marooned 3. No gaming for money 4. Candles to be put out at eight 5. All weapons to be kept clean and ready 6. No boys or women on board: penalty of
death 7. Deserting ship in battle: death or
marooning
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ARTICLES (cont.)
8. No quarreling on board: rules for dueling
9. No talking about quitting: payment for injuries
10. Prizes: captain and quartermaster 2 shares; master gunner and boatswain 1 ½ shares; other officers 1 ¼ shares; rest ‘gentlemen of fortune’: 1 share
11. Musicians to rest on the Sabbath Day
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LIFE OF THE PIRATES Adventurous Cross-section of society Uneducated Escaping dictatorial ships Democratic; vote Wealth equally divided: proportionally more for
captain and officers Punishment: flogging, hanging; dragged by ropes Drink and fight No women aboard Took mostly clothes, weapons and supplies No burying of treasures
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LIFE OF THE PIRATES(cont.) Hunger/thirst/cold Diet of kidney beans with maggots Lack of vitamins Loss of teeth, spots Scurvy Surrounded by dead bodies Solace in rum Society operated outside normal
laws
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END OF AN ERA
English Royal Navy and Spanish Guardacosta
Nassau: last pirates’ haven in Caribben
Lafitte brothers operated from Texas and Louisiana in 1810s
Privateers profited during Latin American Wars of Independence
Steam propulsion ships and strength of US Navy eliminated all piracy by the 1830s
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WHAT DO YOU THINK:
Were they romantic? Were they honorable? Were they successful? Were they admirable? Were they glamorous?