the reconstruction era

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The Reconstruction Era http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-113.jpg Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865 . Photographed by George N. Barnard. 165-SC-53.

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The Reconstruction Era. Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865 . Photographed by George N. Barnard. 165-SC-53. http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-113.jpg. After the War. South lay in ruins (destroyed) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Reconstruction Era

http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-113.jpg

Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865. Photographed by George N. Barnard. 165-SC-53.

After the War• South lay in ruins (destroyed)• Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food,

clothing, & jobs

• President Lincoln planned for Reconstruction, the rebuilding of the South

http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-112.jpg

Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., 1865. 111-B-4667.

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan• Reunite Union quickly• Southern state could

form a new government after 10 % of its voters swore loyalty to U.S.

• States also had to abolish slavery

• Many in Congress didn’t like Lincoln’s plan & wanted a stricter form of Reconstruction

• * Too lenient* soft/easyhttp://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-188.jpg

Acts of Congress• Freedman’s Bureau was created by

Congress– It gave food, clothing, & other kinds of help to

the freedman.

• Thirteenth Amendment – Passed by Congress in January, 1865– Ended slavery throughout the U.S.

Glimpses at the Freedmen - The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va. / from a sketch by Jas E. Taylor (1866).

• Room of African American women sewing. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaodyssey:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a33775))

• Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865

• Andrew Johnson became President

http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-202.jpghttp://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-198.jpgJohn Wilkes Booth

Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson

• In each southern states, a majority of voters must swear loyalty to the U.S.

• Each state must approve the 13th Amendment

• Then each state could rejoin the Union

http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-187.jpg

Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President

Response to Johnson’s Plan

• Southern States met Johnson’s demands• Republicans in Congress outrages because African

Americans were not allowed to vote & former Confederate Leaders were elected to Congress

Radical Reconstruction

• After the war, most southern states quickly ratified the 13th Amendment (ended slavery)– Then passed Black Codes,

which limited the rights of African Americans.

• Radical Republicans in Congress decide to take over Reconstruction– They wanted to break the

power of the southern planters and to make sure African Americans had the right to vote.

http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/sespics/34004.jpg

Radical Reconstruction (continued)

• 14th Amendment, 1868 – All people born in the U.S. are citizens. No state may take away rights of citizens.

• 15th Amendment, 1870 – The right to vote cannot be denied to citizens because of their race or color or because they were once enslaved.

• Reconstruction Act – Southern states had to ratify the 14th Amendment, African American men must be allowed to vote,…– Johnson vetoed these acts & Congress overrode his

veto; Congress eventually tried to impeach him– Troops sent to the South to ensure African Americans

had the right to vote.

Changes in the South • Southern Republicans (scalawags), whites from

the North (carpetbaggers), & freed African Americans played important roles in southern governments.– Ku Klux Klan (KKK) -- formed by white southerners to

help them regain power & to keep African Americans and White Republicans out of office.

• Landless black and white sharecroppers became locked in a cycle of poverty.– Sharecroppers: person who farms land owned by

another in exchange for a share of the crops

Link to Pictures: http://www.grant.k12.ca.us/schools/rljr/students/resistance_to_reconstructi.htm

Reconstruction Ends

• Reconstruction ended after presidential candidate Rutherford B. Hayes made a private deal with southern politicians.

• After Reconstruction, a new industrial economy began to emerge in the South.

• Southern whites passes new laws to deny African Americans equal rights.– Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, & Grandfather Clauses– Segregation, Jim Crow Laws, Lynching – Civil Rights Movement (100 years later)

• Civil War Pictures from the National Archives http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/

• Many Reconstruction

http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/outline.weekfour.html