the• RecordU. S. DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFAREJanuary 30, 1973Vol. XXV, No. 3 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Research, Scope of Programs ExpandDuring Dr. Marston s Tenure at NIH

Dr. Robert Q. Marston, who last week became Acting Director of the. NINDS, had served as NIH Director since Sept. 1, 1968.

During Dr. Marston's tenure as Director, NIH research has embracedmany new areas and contributedconsiderable new knowledge in thestruggle against disease.

Two NIH investigators and anNIMH scientist conducting intra-

problems under the US-USSRHealth Exchange Program.

As NIH Director, as scientist,academician, researcher a n d ad-ministrator, he traveled extensive-ly in the U.S. and abroad.

He was at the first meeting inMoscow of t h e US-USSR JointCommittee for Health Cooperation.He also delivered the opening ad-dress at the meeting of the Inter-national Congress of Endocrinologyheld in Washington, D.C., l a s tJune.

The years of Dr. Marston's di-rectorship saw a marked rise in

(Continued on Page 7)

Dr. Sanford RosenthalWins H.S. Allen PrizeFrom Burn Association

Dr. Sanford M. Rosenthal, form-er chief of the Laboratory ofPharmacology and Toxicology, Na-tional Institute of Arthritis, Metab-olism, and Digestive Diseases, hasbeen awarded the Harvey S. Allenprize from the American Burn As-sociation for his studies on treat-ment and cause of traumatic shockand burns.Increases Understanding

Dr. Rosenthal's work has led toan increased understanding of therole of electrolyte disturbance inburns shock and to the use oflarge quantities of isotonic salineby mouth for its treatment.

Prior to Dr. Rosenthal's studies,intravenous infusions with plasmaextenders had been considered es-

fSee DR. ROSENTHAL, Page 8)

During his years as Director, Dr.Marston has addressed numerous

r minority employee conferences as wellas scientific seminars and advisorycouncil meetings.

mural research on the campus wereawarded Nobel prizes while he wasDirector.

NIH has long been the focal"'point for visiting scientists andforeign government officials to ob-serve first hand the studies con-ducted here.

Greeted Chinese Scientists

. Dr. Marston welcomed the firstgroup of Chinese scientists to the

• campus.On Oct. 13 and 14, 1972, he was

host to a delegation from the Peo-ple's Republic of China who touredNIH labs and spoke with research-ers here on heart and cancer stud-ies.

He also welcomed scientists fromthe USSR who visited here to ex-change information on heart dis-ease, cancer and environmental

Nat'I High Blood Pressure ConferenceMaps Detection, Information Campaign

A program of mass screening and education to control the massivehealth problem posed by high blood pressure—hypertension—was recom-mended at a 2-day HEW-sponsored National Conference on High BloodPressure Education.

Hypertension is an often symptomless and, in half of the estimated23 million Americans who have it,undetected disease that kills 60,000U.S. citizens each year and playsan even more important contribu-tory role in deaths from stroke,heart attack, and kidney failure.

Participants at the meeting, heldon Jan. 15-16 at the WashingtonHilton Hotel, included representa-tives from medical, industrial, in-surance, and consumer groups.

The conferees heard a keynoteaddress by HEW Secretary ElliotL. Richardson in which he said,"For the first time we are con-sciously mobilizing educational andcommunications resources to stim-ulate individual initiative towardprotecting one's own health.

"I see the hypertension programas a landmark campaign againsta disabling, deadly disease; it cansave millions of lives."

Following the address, Dr. J.Willis Hurst, immediate past pres-ident of the American Heart As-

Dr. Hurst gives an A H A Distinguished

Service Award to Sec. Richardson.

sociation, presented the Distin-guished Service Award of t h eAHA to Secretary Richardson". . . for his efforts to improve

(See PRESSURE, Page 6)

Sherman BecomesActing Director;Marston at NINDS

The appointment of Dr. John F.Sherman as Acting Director of theNational Institutes of Health wasannounced Friday, Jan. 19, byHEW Secretary Elliot L. Rich,ardson.

Dr. Sherman hasserved as the Dep-uty Director o fNIH for the past4 years.

Dr. Robert Q.Marston, the for-mer NIH Director,was named ActingDirector of t h eNational Institute D'-Shermanof Neurological Diseases a n dStroke for an interim period priorto leaving Government servicewithin the next few months.

Earlier, in a letter to SecretaryRichardson, Dr. Marston had indi-cated his "willingness to be of anyassistance possible in assuring as m o o t h administrative transi-tion . . ."

Secretary Richardson praised Dr.Marston for "his effective leader-ship in maintaining the traditionalexcellence of the NIH during aperiod of expanding scope andrapid financial growth."Assures Continuity

Dr. Marston has taken over fromDr. Edward MacNichol as ActingDirector of the NINDS.

Dr. MacNichol announced somemonths ago his intention to leaveNIH, and has more recently askedto be relieved of administrativeduties. Dr. Marston's interim ap-pointment will assure administra-tive continuity at NINDS while asearch committee at NIH continuesits task of locating the best quali-fied candidate for Director ofNINDS.

Dr. Marston has served as Di-rector of NIH since Sept. 1, 1968.

Immediately prior to that ap-pointment, he had served for 5months as Administrator of thenewly established Health Servicesand Mental Health Administration,

(See DR. SHERMAN, Page S)

Page 2 January 30, 1973 THE NIH RECORD

RecordPublished biweekly at Bethesda, Md., by the Publications and ReportsBranch, Office of Information, for the information of employees of theNational Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, and circulated by request to interested writers and to investi-gators in the field of biomedical and related research. The content isreprintable without permission. Pictures are available on request.The NIH Record reserves the right to make corrections, changes or dele-tions in submitted copy in conformity with the policies of the paper andthe Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

NIH Record Office Bldg. 31 , Rm. 2B-03. Phone 49-62125

Editor Frances W. DavisAssistant Editor Fay LevieroStaff Writer Ed Driscoll

Staff Correspondents

ADA, Robert Manning; BHME/OD, Florence Foelak; CC, ThaliaRoland; DAHM, Laura Mae Kress; DCRT, Joan Chase; DDH, CarolynNiblett; DMI, Marian R. Fox; DN, Evelyn Lazzari; DPHPE, FrankA. Sis; DRG, Sue Meadows; DRR, Jerry Gordon; DRS, Cora M.Suit; FIC, Lois P. Meng; NCI, Robert J. Avery; NEI, BonnieFriedman; NHLI, Bill Sanders; NIAID, Krin Larson; NIAMDD,Pat Gorman; NICHD, Lloyd Blevins; NIDR, Sue Hannon; NIEHS,Elizabeth Y. James; NIGMS, Wanda Warddell; NINDS, Carolyn Hol-stein; NLM, Ann R. Lindsay.

'Turn Off the Lights1

When Leaving Offices;Help Conserve Energy

The "Turn Off the Lights" cam-paign last year witnessed a markedreduction in lights burning afterhours on the reservation.

Once again, the Office of Engi-neering Services asks NIH'ers tohelp save energy and costs.

• Turn off lights in your officeor lab when leaving for the day.

• Custodial personnel will turnlights on when entering and offwhen leaving rooms.

• When conference and generalmeeting rooms are n o t in use,lights should be kept off.

If everyone aids in carrying outt h e campaign, nearly $95,000 ayear may be saved.

You can believe your eyes if youthought you saw a large green birdwith a red beak flying around theNIH campus. It was a parrot—lastseen peering into the "NIH Record"office and squawking.

Associateship CandidateMay Apply Until March 2

Applications are now being ac-cepted for Clinical, Research, andStaff Associateships at NIH.

These 2-year positions providetraining and experience in clinicaland laboratory investigation to eli-gible physicians and dentists.

Application forms and a catalogdescribing the program are avail-able from the Chief, Clinical andProfessional Services, NIH, at theClinical Center, Room 1S229, Be-thesda, Md. 20014.

The deadline for applications isMarch 2.

Sallie M. Keys, chief of the ClinicalCenter Psychiatric Nursing Servicesince 1967, retired on Jan. 28. Mrs.Keys had been in the CC Nursing De-partment since 1961. Last July shereceived a DHEW Superior ServiceHonor Award for her outstandingleadership. A graduate of FreedmensHospital School of Nursing, Mrs. Keysalso attended Howard and Catholic U.,and worked at Freedmens and St.Elizabeths before joining NIH.

Valet Opens in Westwood;24-Hour Service OfferedA Valet Shop specializing in

laundry and dry cleaning willopen Thursday, Feb. 1, in theWestwood Building, Room 4(next to the R&W shop).

Store hours will be from 8a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Mondaythrough Friday, with 24-hourcleaning service offered.

Employees at Westwood, theAnnex, and Westwood Towersare invited to use the facility.

'Don't forget—turn off the lights."

R&W Sponsors LecturesOn Planning Investments

An intensive 5-day workshopsponsored by R&W will focus onprinciples of investment and finan-cial planning.

During the week of Feb. 26, theInvestors Workshop on SeventiesChallenging Changes will featureRobert Linn, a registered repre-sentative of Ferris & Co. and amember of the New York StockExchange.

This workshop, which will takeplace from noon until 1 p.m. inWilson Hall, Bldg. 1, is open to allNIH employees. R&W will providecomplimentary coffee and suggeststhat those who attend bring theirlunch.

Among the topics Mr. Linn willdiscuss are Current Business andMarket Outlook, Prerequisites forInvesting—Financial and Psycho-logical, and The Stock Market andHow It Works.

An advanced 3-session workshopis scheduled for Mar. 13-15. Any-one planning to attend either seriesshould call the R&W Office, Ext.66061.

Tax Return AssistantsWill Aid Employees

Tax information and limited as- 4sistance in computing tax returnswill become available for NIH em- jployees in early February.

When requesting help, employ-ees should complete a "draft" copyof their tax return as far as pos-sible.

Tax assistants will also answer '•telephone inquiries during theirlast working hour listed below but 'no later than 5 p.m.:

Bldg. 10, Rm. 1B-35, Nellie Me- ;Leish, Ext. 65374, Tuesday andThursday, 11 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.;Wednesday, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Bldg 13, Rm. G-1315, Irving M.Rubin, Ext. 62848, Monday, 8:30 ]a.m. to 5 p.m.; Thursday, 8:30 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.

Westwood Bldg., Rm. 332, IrvingM. Rubin, Ext. 67119, Thursday,12:30 to 5 p.m.; Friday, 8:30 a.m.to 5 p.m.

Bldg. 31, Rm. 2B-43, Ext. 62776,Monday, Tuesday, and Friday,1

8:30 a.m. to 3 p.m.; Wednesday,10:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Tax forms are available at allfour locations and at the NIHCredit Union, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A-08.

Employee Relations and Recog-1nition Branch, Ext. 64973, willanswer queries about the tax service. *

Blood Assurance CardsDistributed to Employees

Blood assurance identificationcards and information about theClinical Center blood program have \been distributed to NIH employeeswith this month's paychecks.

NIH'ers are urged to carry theidentification card in their walletsat all times. In the event of anemergency need for blood, rescuesquads or hospital emergency roomstaffs will know by the ID that the INIH Blood Bank will replace anyblood used without charge.

Civil Service employees shouldhave received their cards with theJan. 16 paychecks. PHS commis-sioned officers will receive theirID's tomorrow (Jan. 31).

Staffers who have not received'an identification card should con-tact their timekeeper.

To register to become a blooddonor, or to obtain additional in-formation about the program, callRobert Herz, CC blood donor serv-ice, Ext. 61048.

Army Band to Give ConcertThe First United States

Army Band will present a freeconcert for Clinical Center pa-tients Thursday, Feb. 8 at 7:30p.m. in the Jack Masur Audi-torium.

NIH employees and guestsare welcome.

THE NIH RECORD January 30, 1973 Page 3

CC Opens Intensive Care Unit for Cancer Patients Applications for NLM'SBiomed. CommunicationsProgram Now Accepted

Applications for t h e NationalLibrary of Medicine's PostgraduateLibrary Associate Training Pro-gram in Biomedical Communica-tions are now being accepted fromstudents who will have graduatedfrom an accredited school of li-brary or information science byAugust 1973.One Year Program Offered

The program offers one year ofintensive training and education;an opportunity to take local uni-versity courses, and experiencewith programs in audio/visualtechniques, biomedical communica-tions, specialized information serv-ices, grants and contracts in sup-port of national biomedical com-munications, and other aspects ofmedical librarianship.

Applicants must be U.S. citizensand qualify under the Federal CivilService regulations f o r appoint-ment as a librarian. Candidatesare required to have a master'sdegree in Library Science andreading competence in a modernforeign language.

Entering appointments are gen-erally made at the GS-7 level. Thedeadline for filing applications isMarch 1.

For applications and further in-formation write to the EmployeeDevelopment Specialist, NationalLibrary of Medicine, 8600 RockvillePike, Bethesda, Md. 20014.

CC Nurse Linda Davies adjusts an IV bottle above a bed in the intensivecare unit. When one pendant is hung at each side of the bed, up to sixbottles can be used simultaneously. The wall panel holds the equipment formonitoring the patient.

A new eight-bed intensive care unit for cancer patients at the ClinicalCenter received its first four patients on Jan. 15.

The unit will also be used for other CC patients requiring intensivecare except those undergoing heart

Contributions to the Patient Emer-gency Fund through the Davis Planonce again totalled more then $7,000.Donations are used to H-?lp CC pa*tients like this youngster who cameto Bethesda unprepared for chillyweather. Social worker Lucia Masonhelps him put on the warm wintercoat provided through PEF funds.

and neurosurgery operations.The ICU, which replaces t h e

Insids the nursing station, CC nurseRegina Moses (I) hands a patientchart to Louise Misorek, standing atthe physician's desk outside. Themonitor at top right allows simultane-ous view of EKGs from patients in alleight beds.

former four-bed section, has addedseveral features to monitor pa-tients.

Panels have been placed at thehead of each bed to hold theequipment necessary to maintaincontinuous patient surveillance,such as respiratory aids (respira-tors and nebulizers) and suctionequipment to drain incisions orgastric tubes.

Each panel has its own electricaloutlets, light switches controllingseparate lights for that bed (in-cluding dimmers for use at nightwhen patients are asleep), and aseparate fuse box.

Other features include a blanket

warmer to prepare bedding forpatients who are usually cold fol-lowing surgery. A ceiling pendanton each side of the bed allows theuse of up to six intravenous bot-tles at one time.

The unit also is equipped withan ice machine. Ice is used to pre-serve patient blood specimens be-ing sent to the laboratory for an-alysis.

Continuous measurement of ar-terial and venous blood pressure,heart rate, EKG, and temperaturecan be read from the equipment atthe patient's bedside or from moni-tors in the nursing station stepsaway.

The station has a special moni-tor designed to permit observationof EKG's from all eight beds si-multaneously.

The station also has a direct

telephone line to t h e operatingroom next door.

A physician's desk shares a wallwith the nursing post, and patientcharts are stored there, makingthem accessible from either side.

The ICU is one of several proj-ects in progress which will allowmore patients to be treated in theCC.

Herbert ChristofersonRetires After 36 YearsOf Government Service

Herbert C. Christoferson, execu-tive officer of the National Instituteof Dental Research, recently re-tired after more than 36 years'Federal service.

"Chris" joined NIDR as EO in1964. During his years here, heserved as president, member of theboard, and in various other capa-cities for the NIH Federal CreditUnion.

He i s a graduate of GeorgeWashington University and earnedan M.S. in public administrationfrom American University.

During World War II, Mr. Chris-toferson served as an officer inthe U.S. Navy.

He and his wife plan a motortour, traveling from Florida to Cal-ifornia, followed by a visit to Ha-waii. As Chris puts it, "I am re-tiring from the Federal service,not from life."

At the retirement party on Jan.10, Dr. Seymour J. Kreshover,NIDR Director, told the host ofwell-wishers that "Chris has al-ways been my right hand."

In preparation for the first patient, Ruth Vreeland, ICU head nurse, checksmonitoring equipment which continually measures life signs. Covers on thebed are fan-folded to aid placement of patients.

Benita Valente, Soprano, to SingAt FAES Concert on February 4

Benita Valente, soprano, will befeatured in the third concert of the1972-73 Chamber Music Series ofthe Foundation for Advanced' Edu-cation in the Sciences.

Miss Valente, assisted by threeinstrumentalists, will be heard onSunday, Feb. 4, at 4 p.m. in theJack Masur Auditorium. The pro-gram will include two songs bySchubert which have seldom beenperformed. Admission is by ticketonly.

Page 4 January 30, 1973 THE NIH RECORD

Substitutes for SucroseTested in Snack FoodsIn NIDR-Supported Study

As part of an intensive attackon tooth decay, the National In-stitute of Dental Research is sup-porting efforts to find a palatable,harmless substitute for sucrose insnack foods and desserts.

Sucrose, or table sugar, has longbeen acknowledged as a chiel con-tributor to decay because it is anideal nutrient tor caries-promotingDacteria.

These bacteria stick in a gummyfilm on tne tooth suriace wherethey secrete harmiul acids that dis-solve the enamel.

Popular snack foods which havebeen modified by substituting othercarbohydrates lor the usual sugarwill be studied by investigators un-der the direction oi ur. Juanisiavia, proiessor of dentistry atthe University of Alabama Schooloi Dentistry.

The loods will first be tested onrats, wnxch have been trained tohuman eating habits—three mealsa day with snacks three or lourtimes in between.

Alter 40 days, the rats will beexamined lor tooth decay, and re-suits will be compared with a con-trol group oi animals. If the re-sults are satisfactory, clinical stud-ies win be scheduled.

The foods to be tested includeice cream, beverages, pies, cookies,cakes, confections, and jams Iromwhich the sucrose has been com-pletely or almost totally removed.

Sweetening agents which causeminimal tooth decay in rats havebeen substituted for the sucrose.

These agents include fructose,glucose, sorbitol, and cornstarch.

Before laboratory research starts,however, a human taste panel willtest the reformulated foods to de-termine if the sugar substitute ispalatable.

Guide to Programs on GrantsAnd Awards Published by DRG

A 65-page brochure entitled,Guide to Grant and Award Pro-grams — National Institutes ofHealth, revised August 1972, hasbeen published by the Division ofResearch Grants Information Of-fice.

The publication describes thescope and kind of NIH research,research facilities and resources,research training, health education,a n d biomedical communicationsprograms. It also includes special

"programs of the Institutes.Single copies of the brochure are

available from the Information Of-fice, Division of Research Grants,Room 433, Westwood Bldg., Ext.

, 67441.Multiple copies can be purchased

for 60 cents each from the U.S.Government Printing Office, Wash-ington, D.C. 20402.

Trauma—Massive Public Health ProblemCosts Nation Nearly $23 Billion a Year

Second in a Series on Trauma Research CentersThe field of surgery has a special concern for the trauma problem.

The treatment of wounds and the observations of patient response toinjury have formed a central theme of surgery since before the days ofHippocrates.

Trauma has become a massive public health problem to the Na-tion, causing the greatest loss ofproductive man years of any dis- Research Center at t h e AlbanyeaSe—at an estimated annual so- Medical Center, N.Y., investigatecietal cost of $23 billion. causes of death from trauma fol-

A broad and determined effort is lowing successful initial resuscita-needed to reduce the loss, whichwill require help from all medicalspecialties; but ultimate responsi-bility for care of individual traumapatients rests with the surgeon.

In a report by the NIGMS Sur-

Computer symbols and medical chartsserve virtually as life lines, signalingrespiratory failure. Attending physi-cians at Albany are thus alerted tosymptoms in time to take preventivemeasures.

gical Training Committee, "Statusof Research in Trauma and theCritically Injured," recommenda-tions included: increasing funds forresearch; educating the public tothe importance of supporting trau-ma research, and improving the ed-ucation of undergraduate medicalstudents and residents in trauma.

New horizons of research canreturn the function of the surgeonto the care of wounds.

Scientists in NIGMS's Trauma

tion.This includes the development of

transducers, mass spectrography,and computer-based techniques toprovide sequential detailed obser-vations of oxygen exchange be-tween lung and blood in injuredpatients.

Approximately 150 patients havebeen studied in the center since itsopening in 1967. Most of these vic-tims have been young people, whowere in robust health until thetime of their accident.Many Devices Utilized

The one-bed unit houses an arrayof physiologic monitoring devices,many of them developed especiallyfor this project by Rensselaer Poly-technic Institute engineers.

Information output of the de-vices is fed directly to an advancedcomputer where it is instantly an-alyzed and then displayed on aclosed circuit television monitor inthe patient's room.

Observations have led to a pre-cise physiologic definition of thepost-traumatic pulmonary insuffi-ciency and to the definition of pre-ventive techniques for respiratorymanagement after trauma.

The group of investigators hasvirtually eliminated this usuallyfatal complication in their severelyinjured patients.

Using specialized instrumenta-tion, the research team has identi-fied the essential problem of acuterespiratory distress as a markeddecrease in the volume of gas inthe lungs.

Their approach to this problem

Dr. John Border (r) at the center in Buffalo reviews X-rays of post-operativefractures with Drs. John Rubenstein (I) and Richard Williams during a conference.

Albany's team of physicians, collegeengineering professors, and computer *scientists is credited with saving thelives of victims of severe injury. Theyfound a way to predict and preventrespiratory failure accompanying trau-ma, or shock, which usually causesdeath within 2 to T5 days afterinjury. The method combines elec-tronic detection, high-speed computer "**analysis, and timely medical treat-ment to prevent shock.

has been one of hyperventilation, ,using mechanical ventilators at in-creased pressure to expand t h elung, and thus prevent the usuallyfatal respiratory collapse. +•

Researchers at the E. J. MeyerMemorial Hospital center, Buffalo,N.Y., investigate the major chainof events that lead to sequentialorgan failures following severetrauma.

Round-the-clock studies involv-ing pulmonary, hepatic, and cardiacchanges are performed to permitthe earliest possible diagnosis and""treatment.Probes Developed

For example, the team developedaccurate probes to identify, in man,changes in blood flow to these tis-sues. They want to establish acorrelation of these measuring *techniques with other methods suchas indicator clearance and imped-ance plethysmography (measure-ment of changes in electrical re-sistance across an organ).

The scientists have been success-ful in inserting a catheter into the „pulmonary artery safely and main-taining its position for severaldays, thereby providing importantinformation about the impendingdevelopment of heart or lung fail-ure following trauma.

A critical evaluation is beingmade of a commonly-used dye dilu- vstion technique for measuring car-diac output.

If the implication is confirmedthat errors in this technique of 40to 60 percent occur in patients withsevere trauma, t h e finding willhave significant impact on labora-tory investigations and clinicalcare.

THE NIH RECORD January 30, 1973 Page 5

Myths of Sickle Cell Disease Exploded;Dr. R. E. Jackson Presents Basic Facts

Approximately 100 NIH employees and others participated Hi a sem-inar on sickle cell disease in the Masur Auditorium on Jan. 11. Theseminar, sponsored by the NIH EEO coordinators, featured Dr. Rudolph

HEW Seeks ApplicantsFor 3-Year Internships

v Applications are now being ac-cepted for the DHEW ManagementIntern Program. The program iden-tifies individuals who have the po-tential to advance to managementpositions and offers them specialtraining and development oppor-tunities.

' Each participant completes four9-month rotational assignments

* within at least three separateHEW agencies.

Interns enter the program at theGS-5, GS-7, or GS-9 levels and,upon successful completion of the3-year program, can qualify for

P permanent positions at the GS-11,GS-12, or GS-13 levels throughmerit promotion plans.

To be eligible, an employee musthave completed one year's Federalemployment by Mar. 1 and hold acareer or career-conditional ap-

. .pointment at the time of applica-tion.

' March 1 DeadlineIn addition, applicants must meet

specific educational and experiencerequirements.

A current application for Federal-j Employment (SF-171), a notice of

rating received within the last 5years, a copy of the employee'smost recent Supervisory Appraisalform (HEW 525 or SSA 199 only),and a written statement of the ap-plicant's career objectives and howan internship might assist inachieving them must be submittedby Mar. 1.

' These materials should be sentto the DHEW Management Intern

- Coordinator, DHEW Office of Per-sonnel and Training, Room 4193,DHEW North Building, Washing-ton, D.C. 20201.

Selections will be based on sixareas: Training and Self-Develop-

} ment, Experience, Awards, OutsideActivities, Statement of Goal, andAppraisal.

Selected employees will be noti-fied by May 21, and will be re-quested to begin their internshipsin early July.

& Questions should be directed tot h e DHEW Management Intern

, Coordinator on Code 13-26315. Adescription of the program can beobtained from personnel offices.

E. Jackson, coordinator of the Na-tional Sickle Cell Disease Programand chief of National Heart andLung Institute's Sickle Cell Dis-ease Branch.

Dr. Jackson presented basicfacts about sickle cell disease—itsorigin, worldwide distribution, var-ious forms and manifestations,

'NLM News' Supplement ListsPublications Available for Sale

A special supplement of theNI,M Neivs, issued i n December1972, lists National Library ofMedicine publications available forsale.

This supplement contains guide-lines for ordering publicationsfrom the Government Printing Of-fice and an advance order form forthe 1972 Cumulated Index Medicus.It also describes a new procedure

Dr. Jackson presented basic facts onsickle cell disease and the nationalprogram which he coordinates at arecent EEO-sponsored seminar.

mode of inheritance, symptoms,treatment, and socioeconomic im-plications.

He also described the NationalSCO Program, and exploded someof the myths and misconceptionsabout the disease and the nationalprogram.

Many of these misconceptions re-volve around sickle cell trait car-riers—those healthy and essen-tially normal individuals who,when they mate with other traitcarriers, are capable of transmit-ting sickle cell anemia to their off-spring.

Each child from such a matinghas one chance in four of havingsickle cell anemia, two chances infour of carrying the sickle celltrait, and one chance in four ofhaving neither the disease nor thetrait.

Responding to a question fromt h e audience, Dr. Jackson said"Trait carriers are healthy; thereshould be no discrimination againstthem regarding insurance or em-ployment except that they shouldavoid oxygen-deficient environ-ments"—such as in an unpressur-ized aircraft or the depths of amine.

Despite the fact that these indi-

for dealing with sales and sub-scription problems.

The NLM News publications sup-plement can be obtained by con-tacting Roger Gilkeson, Ext. 66308.

viduals have normal lifespans andvirtually no health problems con-nected with having the trait, sometrait carriers are charged higherinsurance premiums or droppedfrom insurance rolls altogethermerely because they have the trait.

Others have b e e n fired fromtheir jobs on the erroneous sup-position that their condition con-stituted a hazard to their fellowemployees.

Other areas of sensitivity ex-plored by Dr. Jackson involved theimplications of genocide raised bysome mandatory screening pro-grams and genetic counselingservices.

He said that laws establishingmandatory screening programs insome states and municipalitieswere enacted, in many cases, bywell-meaning but uninformed leg-islators who "felt the need to dosomething quickly without consult-ing with the people involved."

Most of these same legislators,many of whom are black, are nowactively seeking repeal of the man-datory screening programs and es-pecially of those restricted toblacks, he said.

Dr. Jackson pointed out thatthe philosophy, policy and practiceof the National Sickle Cell Dis-ease Program is that screeningprograms to detect sickle cell dis-ease or the trait should be entirelyvoluntary, and should not be lim-ited to blacks.

The best screening method, hesaid, is electroplioresis. Until re-cently the cost of this test wasseveral dollars per test. Now it can

DR. SHERMAN(Continued from Page 1)

and had been an Associate Direc-tor of NIH as the first Director ofthe new Division of Regional Med-ical Programs.

Dr. Sherman was appointed Dep-uty Director of NIH on Nov. 1,1968, after a long career in re-search and research grants admin-istration. He came to NIH in Jan-

litDr. MarNichol Dr. Marston

uary 1953 as a research pharma-cologist in what is now the NIAID.

He assumed administrative posi-tions of increasing responsibility inthe National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases and theNational Institute of Arthritis andMetabolic Diseases, becoming NIHAssociate Director for ExtramuralPrograms in January 1964.

cost from 10 to 12 cents per test.Moreover, it provides definitive

diagnosis of sickle cell anemia andsickle cell trait as well as mostother hemoglobin abnormalities,including Cooley's anemia or thal-assemia, and hemoglobin C.Counseling Problems Cited

Dr. Jackson said that "genocideis a constant cry because of thegenetic counseling aspects of someprograms."

The national program, he ex-plained, emphasizes education—notcounseling: an individual who isfound to have the trait or the dis-ease is fully informed about thepossible consequences, and is thenleft free to make his or her owndecisions.

In introductory remarks at the sickbcell disease seminar, Juanita Cooke,NHLI EEO coordinator, noted that"factual information is relevant toall people."

Philip R. Hugill NamedDeputy Chief of Branch

Philip R. Hugill has been nameddeputy chief of t h e Optometry,Pharmacy, Podiatry and Veterin-ary Medicine Education Branch ofthe Division of Physician andHealth Professions Education,BHME.

Mr. Hugill, a pharmacy gradu-ate of Washington State Univer-sity, joined the PHS CommissionedCorps in 1957.

During his years in the PHS, hehas served at the Clinical Center,the former Bureau of State Serv-ices, and the former Bureau of Dis-ease Prevention and Environmen-tal Control.

Page 6 January 30, 1973 THE NIH RECORD

John P. Patterson has been namedexecutive officer of the National In-stitute of Dental Research. Except fora 3-year stint with the Division ofExtramural Research Programs ofNIMH, Mr. Patterson has been at NIHsince 1957. He has served in admini-strative posts with the CC, NIAID,and NCI. Mr. Patterson has receivedssveral awards for outstanding work.

PRESSURE(Continued from Page 1)

public health—particularly his con-tributions in bringing Federal re-sources to bear on the problemsof high blood pressure, one of thenation's major diseases."

In another address, Dr. JeremiahStamler, professor and chairmanof the Department of CommunityHealth and Preventive Medicine,Northwestern University MedicalSchool, cited studies showing thatonly one-eighth of the nation's 2n

to 25 million hypertensives are de-tected and adequately treated, andthat disability and death attrib-utable to hypertension cost the na-tion approximately $5 billion eachyear.

Noting that there has been noimprovement since 1900 in the lifeexpectancy of white males aged 30years or more, Dr. Stamler de-clared that an effective long-termnational hypertension control pro-

Monograph on NutritionResearch in USSR Issued

A monograph — Nutrition Re-search in the USSR, 1961-1910 —issued by the Pogarty Internation-al Center, covers that subject dur-ing the decade of the sixties.

The volume contains materialpublished in Soviet technical andscientific journals between 1961 and1970. It includes the followingfields: physiological processes, nu-tritional requirements, enzymes,diet therapy, food science, and nu-trition surveys.

The author, Dr. William H. Fitz-patrick, a biochemist and food tech-nologist, has had years of experi-ence studying Soviet research onnutrition, biochemistry, and stress.

The publication is available for$3.75 at the Government PrintingOffice. A limited number of copiesare available free to investigatorsinterested in nutrition. Call FIC'sInformation Office, Room B2C12,Bldg. 31, Ext. 64625.

gram "could get us dramaticallyoff dead center in that regard."

The conference is part of theNational Hypertension Programinitiated last July by Secy. Rich-ardson to alert the American pub-lic about the dangers of high bloodpressure, and the availability ofeffective and inexpensive means ofdetecting the disease and control-ling it through the use of bloodpressure lowering drugs.

At that time, he appointed twocommittees to plan and implementthe program; a Hypertension In-formation and Education AdvisoryCommittee and an InteragencyWorking Group (see NIH Record,Aug. 15, 1972).

'The small working groups andTask Forces comprising these com-mittees spent much of the 2-dayconference formulating a nationalplan with respect to: (1) standards

Dr. Theodore Cooper, NHL! Director, has his blood pressure measured betweenworking sessions. He said of the conference, "We do not promise immortality,but we can add years—productive years—to the lives of those afflicted withhigh blood pressure by an effective nationwide program of education, detec-tion and treatment."

ADDRESS CHANGE NOTICEI ADDRESSI CHANGE

REMOVE FROMI MAILING LIST

EFFECTIVE DATE

PASTE HERE OLD ADDRESS LABEL FROM CORRESPONDENCE (It not avail-able type or print old address)

OLDADDRESS

NAME DEPT. B / l /D . BLDG., ROOM, CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE(Type or Print)

NEWADDRESS

NIH - 1868 (11-71) COMPLETE OTHER SIDE

SPO 923-925.

ADDRESS CHANGE NOTICE—Is your office one of those that has moved? 'If so, then you should notify anyone with whom you regularly correspondabout the relocation. Mail is delayed when it has to be rerouted. The MailRoom urges all relocated employees to send change-of-address cards as soonas possible. They are available in the Self Service Stores (NIH Stock No.7-5894). The cards can also be used to remove names from mailing lists.

Plaque-Free in

A fitting slogan—Plaque-Free in '73—pinpoints Feb. 4-10 as NationalChildren's Dental Health Week. NIDRasserts that plaque contributes totooth decay, and is one of the causesof periodontal diseases. Children espe-cially should learn about removingplaque from their teeth.

and conditions for screening andtreatment; (2) education of pro-fessional health workers; (3) pub-lic information on high blood pres-sure, and (4) the impact of anexpanded hypertension program onthe health care delivery system,and the need for additional re-sources.

Task Force status reports includ-ed recommendations for a seriesof regional meetings—hearings, ac-tually—to further publicize the na-tional program and to assess com-munity needs and resources in de-veloping model education, screen-ing, and treatment programs.

The result is envisioned as aconsortium of local resources andinterests in which the FederalGovernment serves as a facilitatoror catalyst in achieving the detec-tion, diagnosis, and treatment pro-grams required by a given com-munity.

Other recommendations calledfor the extensive use of parapro-fessional health personnel andothers trained in the use of the

NIH Visiting ScientistsProgram Participants

1/2—Dr. Hardy J. Chou, Taiwan, fLaboratory of Molecular Aging.Sponsor: Dr. Joseph Pitha, NICHD,Gerontology Research Center, Bal-timore City Hospitals, Balto., Md.

1/2—Dr. Katsuhiko Ikumura, ,J a p a n , Pathologic PhysiologyBranch. Sponsor: Dr. Robert L.Dixon, NIEHS, Research TrianglePark, N.C.

1/8—Dr. Zippora Dafni, Is-rael, Developmental ImmunologyBr. Sponsor: Dr. John B. Robbins,NICHD, Bldg. 10, Rm. 12N 240.

1/16—Dr. Luigi Chieco-Bianchi,Italy, Viral Leukemia and Lymph- soma Br. Sponsor: Dr. George J.Todaro, NCI, Fed. Bldg., Rm. 502.—

Meeting of Credit UnionChanged to Thursday, Feb. T

The annual meeting of theNIH Federal Credit Union onJan. 25 was postponed in ob-servance of the national dayof mourning for the late Pres-ident Lyndon B. Johnson.

It has been rescheduled forThursday, Feb. 1, at noon inthe Jack Masur Auditorium.

Don't forget—winners mustbe present at the meeting toreceive the door prizes. "

blood pressure meter (sphygmoma-nometer)—including nurses, den-tists, medical students, spouses,and other relatives of hypertensive *patients—in screening programs todetect hypertension and in routine^surveillance of patients.

Also proposed was a five-pointpublic awareness campaign includ- ,ing the establishment of a Nation-al High Blood Pressure Informa-tion Center within the NationalHeart and Lung Institute Office ofInformation.

THE NIH RECORD January 30, 1973 Page 7

Dr. Marston and Dr. Martin W. Cummings, NLM Director, greet Dr. Wu Wei-jan and other scientists and physicians from the People's Republic of China onthe steps of the National Library of Medicine.

SCOPE OF PROGRAMS EXPANDS DURING MARSTON'S TENURE AT NIHseveral awards for his own scien-tific accomplishments, also accep-ted awards for NIH for its re-search contributions.

One—the Edward R. LovelandAward—given by t h e AmericanCollege of Physicians, was pre-sented in 1972 to Dr. Marston inbehalf of NIH f o r its "distin-guished contributions in the healthfields."

Dr. Marston has received hon-orary Doctor of Science degreesfrom the College of William andMary and the Albany Medical Col-lege of Union University. In 1968he was named the First Harold S.Diehl Lecturer.

In 1972 Dr. Marston was alsoinducted into The Johns HopkinsSociety of Scholars, which honorsdistinguished former postdoctoralfellows of the university.

On the local horizon—the NIHreservation—Dr. Marston gave en-couragement to the Upward Mo-bility College on the campus anddevoted much time to EEO pro-grams. He fostered and addressedmany conferences for minority em-ployees at NIH.

Background NotedFrom 1951 to 1953, Dr. Marston

was at NIH in the special weaponsproject to conduct research on therole of infection after whole bodyirradiation.

The following year he completedhis residency at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia.

Dr. Marston's academic careerincluded teaching while a MarkleFellow at the Medical College ofVirginia, serving as assistant pro-fessor of bacteriology and immu-nology at the Univeristy of Min-nesota, and as associate professorof medicine and assistant dean incharge of student affairs in theMedical College of Virginia wherehe returned after a year at Min-nesota.

In 1961 he was named Director

(Continued from Page 1)

NIH's budget appropriations forresearch, grant programs, con-struction of research centers, addi-tional laboratories and moderniz-ing campus facilities.

In 1969 NIH appropriations were$1.4 billion; in fiscal 1972 theywere $2.2 billion—a 60 percent in-crease.

New facilities included two largelaboratory buildings, Bldgs. 36 and37, for additional research space,and a Gerontology Research Cen-ter, a component of the NationalInstitute of Child Health and Hu-man Development, was establishedin Baltimore.

NEI EstablishedThe importance of the expanding

research and the scope of the en-larged programs were reflected ina number of changes in the Bu-reaus, Institutes and Divisions atNIH during his tenure.

The National Eye Institute wasestablished in the latter part ofDecember 1968 to carry out an en-larged program on blindness re-search. In 1971, NEI launched amajor collaborative research pro-gram on glaucoma.

While Dr. Marston was Directorof NIH, the Division of Environ-mental Health Sciences which wasestablished in 1966 was raised toInstitute status in 1969.

BHME Moves to CampusThat same year the John E.

Fogarty International Center forAdvanced Study in the Health Sci-ences, whose mission includes thesponsoring of international scien-tists and programs, received itsfirst foreign scientist as an NIHFogarty Scholar.

The Bureau of Health ManpowerEducation, previously off the cam-pus, moved here in 1970, and theDivision of Manpower Intelligence—a BHME component whose workincluded programs to increasemanpower in the health professions

—was also created in 1970.On Dec. 23, 1971, the President

signed the National Cancer Actof 1971 providing for increased au-thority, funds, and responsibilitiesfor the National Cancer Institute.

In that year, the President alsoannounced the conversion of FortDetrick into the Frederick CancerResearch Center to be run by aprivate contractor under NCI andopen to scientists from all over theworld. The contract was awardedin June 1972.

The National Heart and LungInstitute and the National CancerInstitute were raised to Bureaustatus within NIH on July 27,1972. This elevation emphasizednew objectives under the NationalCancer Act and the National BloodVessel, Lung, and Blood Act, re-spectively.

A National Hypertension Pro-gram with NHLI in charge wasimplemented and the SCORs, Spe-cialized Centers of Research, pro-gram was expanded to include 42centers set up to deal with arterio-sclerosis, pulmonary disease, hy-pertension and thrombosis.

Dr. Marston, the recipient of

Dr. Robert N. Berliner (I), NIH Deputy Director for Science, and Dr. Marstonvisited the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1969 to attend a briefing onORNL research with its Director, Dr. Alvin M. Weinberg.

Prince and Princess Hitachi of Japanwere greeted by Dr. and Mrs. RobertQ. Marston during their tour of U.S.medical facilities in September 1972.Prince Hitachi, second son of the Em-peror, is a special investigator at theJapanese Foundation for Cancer Re-search in Tokyo.

of the U. of Mississippi MedicalCenter and Dean of the School ofMedicine, and 4 years later wasappointed Vice Chancellor.

Dr. Marston became NIH Di-rector when Dr. James A. Shan-non retired in 1968. Before thathe was an NIH Associate Directorand Director of the new Divisionof Regional Medical Programs.

In the latter post he arrangedfor cooperation among medicalschools, research institutions, phy-sicians, and hospitals for training,continuing education, and teachingpatient care in heart disease, can-cer and stroke.

In 1968, under a reorganizationof HEW's health services, Dr. Mar-ston was named Administrator ofthe newly established HSMHA. Heserved in that position for 5months before his appointment asNIH Director.

H i s scholastic background in-cludes a Rhodes Scholarship afterreceiving his B.S. degree in 1943from the Virginia Military Insti-tute and his M.D. from the MedicalCollege of Virginia in 1947.

At Oxford University, he workedwith Prof. Howard Florey, t h eNobel laureate. After a 2-yearstay there, Dr. Marston was award-ed a B.Sc. degree. He returned tothe States to serve an internshipat Johns Hopkins Hospital and ayear's residence at Vanderbilt Uni-versity Hospital.

A member of many professionalsocieties, Dr. Marston has authoredseveral scientific papers in the fieldof infectious diseases.

He was a member of the Edi-torial Board of the Journal of Med-ical Education, has served as chair-man of the International Fellow-ship Review Panel at NIH, and asa consultant to the Review Com-mittee, Division of Hospital andMedical Facilities, HEW.

Page 8 January 30, 1973 THE NIH RECORD

A Debate on Psychosurgery QuestionsTechniques Used to Modify Behavior

The use of psychosurgery, a popularized term to describe the selectivedestruction of specific brain tissue to relieve behavioral disturbances,was criticized and defended in a recent debate held here.

The debate, organized by an ad hoc committee on psychosurgery con-cerned with the possible use and abus? of neurosurgica! techniques formodification of human behavior,was sponsored by the NINDS-NEI-NIMH Assembly of Scien-tists.

The concern was prompted bya recent Congressional appropria-tion of $1 million in the budget ofthe National Institute of Neuro-logical Diseases and Stroke forfunding research on the biologicalbasis of violence and its treatment.This appropriation was eliminated,however, with the veto of the HEWbudget.Task Forces Established

Earlier this year, both the NIN-DS and the National Institute ofMental Health established taskforces to probe what is currentlyknown and what needs to belearned about biological bases ofabnormal behavior.

The Senate Appropriation Sub-committee subsequently expressedconcern about the research on vio-lence. As a result, the Director ofNIH promised t h e committeechairman that no research in thisarea will be funded by NIH until

Dr. Robert M. Chanock, NIAID, re-cently received the 1972 Gorgas Med-al presented by the Association ofMilitary Surgeons of the U.S. andWyeth Laboratories of Philadelphia.The award, named for Maj. Gen. Wil-liam C. Gorgas who is known for hisresearch in preventive medicine, con-sists of a silver medal, a scroll, anda $500 honorarium. Dr. Chanock,chief of the Laboratory of InfectiousDiseases, was cited for ". . . accom-plishments and . . . leadership in re-search efforts to identify nsw respira-tory pathogens and to develop effec-tive methods of preventing acute res-piratory diseases of importance in mil-itary and civilian life."

the task forces have made theirreport and firm guidelines are es-tablished.

Dr. Orlando J. Andy, chairmanof the Department of Neurosur-gery, University of Mississippi inJackson, discussed his rationale forperforming psychosurgery on 30patients—most of them children.Discusses Research

He said psychosurgery is calledfor only in patients "who are atthe extreme pathologic end of thescale" and for whom both psychi-atric and drug treatment have notproduced significant improvement.

He performs surgery only withthe consent of the patient and fam-ily.

Dr. Andy's position was chal-lenged by Dr. Peter Breggin, aWashington psychiatrist at theWashington School of Psychiatry,who expressed strong oppositionto psychosurgery in any form.

The Rev. David Eaton, seniorminister of the All Souls' Unitar-ian Church in Washington, ex-pressed concern that patients inpsychosurgery research would bsdrawn from the poor, and particu-larly from the black community.

Dr. MocLson Explains StudiesDr. Paul MacLean, chief of the

Laboratory of Brain Evaluationand Behavior, NIMH, stressed thathis animal studies implicitly show-ed that any time the brain suffersinjury, such as that produced byelectrodes, "the brain never for-gets."

"Epileptic seizures often occurafter such injury, although theymay not occur for some yearsafterward," he said.

"In the 1940's and 1950's," hecontinued, "at least 10 to 20 per-cent of the patients undergoinglobotomy developed epilepsy."

Stresses Need for CautionHe also cautioned against con-

fusing indicated surgery for epi-leptic seizure disorder with psy-chosurgery.

Dr. Ayub K. Ommaya, assistantchief of the NINDS Neurosur-gery Branch, said that use of psy-chosurgery for amelioration of be-havioral problems should be usedonly with extreme caution, but thatit can occasionally be the onV sal-vation for certain selected pa-tients.

Dr. Larry Ng, a neurologist with

Dr. Rosenthal, 75, is now experi-menting on the role of tissue swellingin the response to trauma.

DR. ROSENTHAL(Continued irom Page 1)

sential for the effective treatmentof burn shock.

His work is of particular valuefor potential use in the rapid treat-ment of traumatic shock and burnsin mass disaster where intravenousplasma extenders and the skilledpersonnel to administer them arenot always available.

Since his retirement in 1961, Dr.Rosenthal has been a consultant toNIAMDD Director, Dr. G. DonaldWhedon.

February Movie DiscussesAspects of Heart Disease"Can You Avoid a Heart

Attack?" will be the EmployeeHealth Service movie for Feb-ruary in observance of HeartMonth.

Correspondent Mike Wallacenarrates the 26-minute colorfilm which points out that oneof every five American menwill have a heart attack beforeage 60.

The production goes beyondstatistics to examine t h ecauses for the rise in heartattack victims.

A panel of specialists dis-cusses the pros and cons of theeffects of smoking and dietson heart disease.

The film will be shown inthe Jack Masur Auditorium,Wednesday, Feb. 14, at 11:30a.m. and 12:15 p.m., and inWestwood Conference RoomD, Thursday, Feb. 15, at 1:15and 2 p.m.

Dr. Wiesburger RetiresFrom Cancer Institute;His Wife Replaces Him

Dr. John H. Weisburger, head ofthe Carcinogen Screening Section,Experimental Pathology Branch,and director of the Bioassay Seg-ment, NCI's Division of CancerCause and Prevention, recently re-tired after 25 years in the PHSCommissioned Corps.

He has been named vice-presi-dent for research of the AmericanHealth Foundation in New York.

Dr. Weisburger joined NCI'sLaboratory of Biochemistry in1950 after serving as a researchfellow for the Navy and NCI.

He remained with the lab until1961, when he was named to headthe screening section.

Dr. Weisburger has been asso-ciated editorially with a number ofleading scientific journals, a mem-,ber of several scientific societies,and the author and co-author of

NIMH, questioned the use of psy-chosurgery to alter behavior whereno brain lesions are present.

He emphasized the lack of in-formation on psychosurgery andriroposed that more study wasneeded.

When Dr. John Weisburger retired,Dr. Elizabeth Weisburger assumed 'the post he held as chief of NCI's ,Carcinogen Screening Section.

more than 150 papers in his field.He studied at the universities of

Brussels and Havana, and later re-ceived his A.B., M.S., and Ph.D.from the University of Cincinnati.

Dr. Elizabeth K. Weisburger, ofthe noted husband-wife researcht e a m, succeeds her husband ashead of the section directing theBioassay Program.

She will continue as the assistanteditor-in-chief of the Journal ofthe National Cancer Institute.

Dr. Weisburger, a PHS commis-sioned officer, received her Ph.D.from Cincinnati. She joined NCIas a postdoctoral research fellowin 1949.

She also served in the Lab ofBiochemistry before transferringto the CSS in 1961.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1972 5l2-45O/'l4