the region today. section i the u.s. has a market economy people allowed to own, operate, &...
TRANSCRIPT
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The United States & Canada
The Region Today
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The EconomySection I
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Economic Activities
The U.S. has a Market Economy People allowed to own, operate, & profit
fro their own business Businesses allowed to hire Government protection of private
property & workers Canada has a more Command
Economy More public ownership of industry Private ownership still encouraged
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…Continued
Both Economies are Post-Industrial Movement from
agricultural to industrial began at the turn of the 20th century
Currently, less emphasis on heavy industry
More focus on service & high-tech business
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Post-Industrial Economics
75% of US & Canadian workers in service jobs Government, education, banking, etc.
Located in Central Business Districts of Communities “Downtown”
High-Tech industries less dependent on location Silicon Valley in California▪ Home to 20 high-tech companies▪ Near population center▪ Comfortable yearly climate
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Manufacturing
20% of regions economy
Robotics have changed industry
Great Lakes Region Manufacturing Belt Rust Belt Current work to retool old
factories & mills
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…Continued
Region Manufacturing Centers California & Washington-
Aircraft Midwest-Automobile California-Food
Processing Northeast & Quebec-
Logging/Timber Manufacturing
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Agriculture
Commercialized farming of Commodities Commodities: Goods for
sale 5% of farms
commercially owned Remaining owned by
families 1 Billion acres in the U.S.
used for farming 167 Million acres in
Canada
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…Continued
Farm size has grown, number of farmers has decreased High Costs Unpredictable Markets Risk of Natural Disaster Time & Work
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Agricultural Products
Cattle Industry Western &
Southern U.S. Prairie provinces of
Canada Wheat Belt
Great Plains Corn Belt
Midwest Ohio to Nebraska
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Agricultural Advancements
Examples Beef Cattle▪ Traditionally: Large spaces and open grassland
Mainly found in West & Southwest▪ Today: Breeds developed to need less space Spread throughout South
Dairy Cattle▪ Traditionally: Found in Northeast & Upper Midwest
Cooler Climate & better pastures▪ Today: Automation & improved feed
Found across U.S. today
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Trade & Interdependence
Global economy Interconnection of trade across borders
Exports & Imports US▪ Trade deficit: Spends more on imports than makes on
exports▪ Costly U.S. production▪ Foreign tariffs on U.S. goods
Canada▪ Trade Surplus▪ Smaller population▪ Spends greatly in imports but exports equal it out
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Trade Agreements
1989-U.S. & Canada sign the Free Trade Agreement (FTA)
1994-U.S., Canada, & Mexico sign North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) World’s largest trade bloc Eliminated trade barriers Strengthens economic bonds Makes Outsourcing easier▪ Easier to move business across Mexican
border
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United Against Terror
U.S. & Canada created Smart Border Acts Monitor people & goods
Free & Secure Trade (FAST) Complete & reliable records on cargo Surveillance of cross-border trade Intelligence sharing
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Transportation & Communication
After WWII more people began buying cars
Highway/road systems built through population centers Along Mississippi & Ohio
Valleys Trans-Canadian Highway
4860 miles from British Columbia to Newfoundland
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…Continued
Pollution Problems Smog in urban areas Solutions: Mass Transit▪ Buses▪ Commuter Trains▪ Subways▪ Elevated Trains▪ Monorail
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…Continued
Busiest Airports Atlanta’s Hartsfield▪ 384,000 Flights in 2012▪ 38.2 Million passengers in 2012
Chicago’s O’Hare▪ 2400 flights a day▪ 66.6 million passengers annually
Toronto’s Pearson International▪ 34.9 million passengers in 2012▪ 433 thousand flights in 2012
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Other Transportation Systems
35% of goods travel by rail
15% of goods travel by water
20% of goods travel by truck
¼ of oil and natural gas travel via pipeline
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Communication
Development of cellular and digital services
E-mail & internet Communication,
commerce, travel, etc.
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People & Their EnvironmentSection II
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Managing Resources
Poor management in the past has lead to major problems today Clear Cutting▪ Destroyed Old-growth forests▪ Endangered wildlife and habitats▪ Caused erosion
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…Continued
Conversion of wetlands to agricultural land▪ Eliminated natural fisheries▪ Destroyed natural water purification systems▪ Devastated coast storm and flood buffer
zones
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…Continued
Overfishing Amount caught exceeds natural
reproduction Canadian ban on Cod fishing
Species Decline Example: Low wolf populations in
Western Canada▪ Exploding elk populations
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Invasive Species
Animal: Asian Carp, Africanized Honeybee, Burmese Python, Cane Toad, Emerald Ash Borer, European Starling, Giant African Snail, Northern Snakehead, Nutria, Wild Boar, & Zebra Mussels
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…Continued
Plants: Autumn Olive, Kudzu, & Sacred Bamboo
Issues: Blocked waterways, Crop destruction, species displacement
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Human Impacts
Acid Rain Precipitation that carries acidic materials▪ Sulfur dioxide & Nitrogen oxide released into
environment Effects Eastern U.S. & Canada Corrodes Stone & metal buildings Damages crops & pollutes soil Bodies of water can become biologically
dead
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Acid Rain
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…Continued
Smog Same chemicals as acid rain Reacts to sunlight and sinks to the
surface Damages plants Harms eyes, throats, & lungs Air quality tested daily Solution▪ More fuel efficient cars & bio/green
transportation
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…Continued
Water Pollution Introduction of sewage, industrial, &
agricultural waste Illegal dumping, leaks, or seping into
groundwater Affects natural wetland habitat Causes eutrophication▪ Promotion of algae growth▪ Depletion of oxygen levels in the water▪ Fish die offs▪ Eventually lake may cease to exist
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Reversing Pollution Effects
1972, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Canada & the U.S. Combat water pollution of the Lakes
Regional concerns over water pollution
NAFTA raises environmental issues along Rio Grande
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Future Challenges
Looking at affects of global warming Deforestation & use of fossil fuels Carbon levels at millennial highs Affects seen in Arctic regions▪ Thinning of ice sheets▪ Thawing of permafrost▪ Loss of Arctic habitat
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…Continued
Cleaner energy options Nuclear Energy Solar Power Wind Energy Hydroelectric Power