The Relationships among Breed, The Relationships among Breed, Milking Traits, Body and Udder Milking Traits, Body and Udder

Measurement in Hot Climate area in Measurement in Hot Climate area in YemenYemen

Mahfoudh .A.A.Al- HeredMahfoudh .A.A.Al- Hered

Faculty of Agriculture and veterinary – Thamar Faculty of Agriculture and veterinary – Thamar University-YemenUniversity-Yemen

E-mail:dralhered100@yahoo.comE-mail:dralhered100@yahoo.com25-2825-28 October 2010, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaOctober 2010, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cattle play important role in the economy of world wide countries. Great Cattle play important role in the economy of world wide countries. Great importance has been attached to the conformation traits of cattle. Technical importance has been attached to the conformation traits of cattle. Technical developments have now made it possible to record most production developments have now made it possible to record most production characteristics objectively and the future conformation traits may be used characteristics objectively and the future conformation traits may be used primarily to aid the selection of characteristics important to the health and primarily to aid the selection of characteristics important to the health and longevity of cattle and the amount of work required for their care (Ovesen, 1972)longevity of cattle and the amount of work required for their care (Ovesen, 1972)..

Study of milk flow during milking can provide useful information for enhancing Study of milk flow during milking can provide useful information for enhancing the efficiency of milking process avoiding some common mistakes, and protecting the efficiency of milking process avoiding some common mistakes, and protecting teat integrity and udder health (Tamburini et al., 2007). Rate of milk removal and teat integrity and udder health (Tamburini et al., 2007). Rate of milk removal and time required to milk are of economic importance in relation to the amount of labor time required to milk are of economic importance in relation to the amount of labor required per unit of milk yield (Markos and Touchberry,1970)required per unit of milk yield (Markos and Touchberry,1970)..

The differences in milk flow rates showed by the divergent breeds may reflect The differences in milk flow rates showed by the divergent breeds may reflect difference breeding goals among the breeds in the past, This includes traits aimed difference breeding goals among the breeds in the past, This includes traits aimed to maintaining or improving udder health(Walsh et al., 2007). Bulot (2006) reported to maintaining or improving udder health(Walsh et al., 2007). Bulot (2006) reported some European dairy breed such as Montbeliarde and Brown Swiss had lower some European dairy breed such as Montbeliarde and Brown Swiss had lower milk yield than Holsteinmilk yield than Holstein..

Miller et al (1995) cited that cows with high milk yield have high milk flow rate and Miller et al (1995) cited that cows with high milk yield have high milk flow rate and more susceptibility to mastitismore susceptibility to mastitis..

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Increase milking speed or flow is associated with decrease milking Increase milking speed or flow is associated with decrease milking

labor time and labor is a significance expense in the harvest (Ral et labor time and labor is a significance expense in the harvest (Ral et al.,1990:Boettcher et al.,1998: Cecchinato et al.,2007), further more al.,1990:Boettcher et al.,1998: Cecchinato et al.,2007), further more the above workers reproduces very slow milking cows can prolong the the above workers reproduces very slow milking cows can prolong the total time needed for milking and also disturb the milking routine. Teat total time needed for milking and also disturb the milking routine. Teat and milkability traits are important managemental traits ,they affect the and milkability traits are important managemental traits ,they affect the daily work of the farmer . The teat shape and placements can cause daily work of the farmer . The teat shape and placements can cause practical problems at milking (Ral et al.,1990). Ratore (1977) reported practical problems at milking (Ral et al.,1990). Ratore (1977) reported that cows with funnel shape teats produced 10.9-15.4% more milk than that cows with funnel shape teats produced 10.9-15.4% more milk than cows with cylindrical teats. In Turkey, Tilki et al (2005) found that cows with cylindrical teats. In Turkey, Tilki et al (2005) found that Brown Swiss cows with bottle teats shape was lower in milk production Brown Swiss cows with bottle teats shape was lower in milk production than cows with cylindrical or funnel teat shapethan cows with cylindrical or funnel teat shape . .

This study was carried out to determine the relationships among This study was carried out to determine the relationships among breeds, milking traits, body and udder measurements of Holstein-breeds, milking traits, body and udder measurements of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows in hot climate area in YemenFriesian and Jersey cows in hot climate area in Yemen..

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

This study was carried out to determine This study was carried out to determine the relationships among breeds, milking the relationships among breeds, milking traits, body and udder measurements of traits, body and udder measurements of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows in hot Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows in hot climate area in Yemen.climate area in Yemen.

MATERIALS AND METHODESMATERIALS AND METHODESStudy area :Study area : The research was conducted in Al-Mara'e station-Al-Kadan 60Km East of The research was conducted in Al-Mara'e station-Al-Kadan 60Km East of Hodaidah province, Yemen. The area of study is located between 15Hodaidah province, Yemen. The area of study is located between 15 ْْ 16 North 16 North latitude and 43latitude and 43 ْْ12 East longitude. The climate of this region is tropical sub humid, 12 East longitude. The climate of this region is tropical sub humid, The annual rainfall ranges from 60-150mm ,the mean temperature reaches to The annual rainfall ranges from 60-150mm ,the mean temperature reaches to highest 40highest 40 ْْC in July and august whereas the lower in January. C in July and august whereas the lower in January. Collection of data :Collection of data : Data were obtained from Al-Mara'e farm, 43 Holstein- Friesian and 27 Jersey Data were obtained from Al-Mara'e farm, 43 Holstein- Friesian and 27 Jersey cows were subjected to study and evaluation.cows were subjected to study and evaluation.Experiment:Experiment: Cows were divided into 3 group according shape of teat. Measured of udders Cows were divided into 3 group according shape of teat. Measured of udders and teats were measured and recorded milk yield, milk flow for each cow were and teats were measured and recorded milk yield, milk flow for each cow were recorded weekly from 1-30 august 2006. The average milk flow was calculated as recorded weekly from 1-30 august 2006. The average milk flow was calculated as milk yield / milking time according to formula given by (Querengasser et al,2002).milk yield / milking time according to formula given by (Querengasser et al,2002).Statistical analysis :Statistical analysis : The data were obtained from this study were analyzed by general linear model The data were obtained from this study were analyzed by general linear model (G.L.M) following the:(G.L.M) following the:YYijklmijklm=µ+A=µ+Aii+ B+ Bjj+ C+ Ck k +D+Dl l + e+ eijklmijklm.. The statistical significance for (the daily milk yield, milking time and milk rate The statistical significance for (the daily milk yield, milking time and milk rate flow according to teat shape were assessed by on way ANOVA. Comparison flow according to teat shape were assessed by on way ANOVA. Comparison between group means were assessed by L.S.D. Phenotypic correlation between between group means were assessed by L.S.D. Phenotypic correlation between breeds, body and udder measurement with milking traits were determined by SPSS breeds, body and udder measurement with milking traits were determined by SPSS ver12.ver12.

Teats ShapeTeats Shape

RESULT AND RESULT AND DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

Table 1. Means and standard errors of milk traits, udder Table 1. Means and standard errors of milk traits, udder and body measurementsand body measurements

Max Min Mean Se Traits

8.5 3.5 5.34 ± 0.11 Fore Teat Length

8.0 3.0 4.38 ± 0.10 Rear Teat Length

10.5 6.0 7.42 ± 0.12 Fore Teat Circumference

9.5 5.0 6.95 ± 0.10 Rear Teat Circumference

148 63 89.80 ± 1.90 Udder Circumference

78 50 62.42 ± 0.74 Udder Height

210 162 181.61 ± 1.42 Heart Girth

146 118 131.30 ± 0.87 Withers Height

183 138 157.62 ± 1.28 Body Length

18.40 4 8.63 ± 0.42 Milk Daily

9 2 4.47 ± 0.18 Milking Time

5.69 0.83 2.12 ± 0.12 Milk Flow

Table 2. Effect of breeds on all milk traits, body Table 2. Effect of breeds on all milk traits, body and udder measurementand udder measurement

Jersey Holstein Friesian

Traits

4.98 ± 0.12 b 5.56 ± 0.15 a Fore Teat Length

3.91 ± 0.09 b 4.68 ± 0.15 a Rear Teat Length

6.90 ± 0.16 b 7.74 ± 0.15 a Fore Teat Circumference

6.53 ± 0.12 b 7.20 ± 0.14 a Fore Teat Circumference

84.37 ± 1.82 b 93.22 ± 2.77 a Udder Circumference

58.42 ± 0.70 b 64.93 ± 0.95 a Udder Height

172.85 ± 1.47 b 187.11 ± 1.65 a Heart Girth

124.04 ± 0.60 b 135.86 ± 0.77 a Withers Height

7.25 ± 0.44 b 9.50 ± 0.58 a Milk Daily

3.53 ± 0.15 b 5.06 ± 0.24 a Milking Time

2.10 ± 0.11 a 2.13 ± 0.19 a Milk Flow

Table 3. Effect of teat shape on milk traits Table 3. Effect of teat shape on milk traits (Means ±Standard errors)(Means ±Standard errors)

Funnel Cylindrical Flat Traits

5.18 ±0.24a 5.69 ±0.21 a 5.30 ±0.15 a Fore Teat Length

4.37 ±0.15 a 4.50± 0.28 a 4.35 ±0.16 a Rear Teat Length

7.77 ± 0.60 b 9.11± 1.15 a 8.90± 0.42 a Milk Daily

4.17 ± 0.32 b 5.17± 0.40 a 4.38± 0.25 b Milking Time

2.06 ± 0.24 a 1.84± 0.25 b 2.24± 0.17 a Milk Flow

Table 4 Phenotypic correlation of milking traits Table 4 Phenotypic correlation of milking traits with breed , udder and body measurementwith breed , udder and body measurement

Milking Time Milk Flow Daily Milk Yield Traits -0.49** -0.01 -0.32** Breed

-0.02 -0.09 -0.13 Teat Shape

0.27* -0.07 0.09 Fore teat length

0.25* -0.04 0.01 Rear teat length

0.47** -0.28** -0.04 Udder Height

0.21* 0.07 0.14 Heart Girth

0.25* -0.10 -0.06 Body Length

0.47** -0.09 0.14 Wither Height

-0.55** 0.04 Milking Time

0.75** Milk Flow

CONCLUTIONCONCLUTION

It could be concluded :It could be concluded : - The breed of cow significantly influence on - The breed of cow significantly influence on

milk yield and milking characteristics.milk yield and milking characteristics. - The length and shape of teat effect on - The length and shape of teat effect on

flow rate and daily milk yield. flow rate and daily milk yield. - Cylindrical teat shape was higher than flat - Cylindrical teat shape was higher than flat

and funnel teat shape regarding daily milk and funnel teat shape regarding daily milk yield but flat teat had the highest rate of yield but flat teat had the highest rate of milk flow. milk flow.

SUGGESTIONSUGGESTION

It could be suggested :It could be suggested : Further research works is need to be Further research works is need to be

conducted on local cow breeds to study milk conducted on local cow breeds to study milk traits.traits.

Selection of cow breed based on adaptation Selection of cow breed based on adaptation can improve milk production.can improve milk production.

The farmers should be trained to improve The farmers should be trained to improve management farming. Attention should be management farming. Attention should be paid to nutrition of animals. paid to nutrition of animals.

THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR ATTENTIONATTENTION

Mahfoudh.A.Al-HeredMahfoudh.A.Al-Hered

Faculty ofFaculty of Agriculture and Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, YemenUniversity, Yemen