the remaining classes…
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Psychology 001 Introduction to Psychology Christopher Gade , PhD Office: 621 Heafey Office hours: F 3-6 and by apt. Email: [email protected] Class WF 7:00-8:30 Heafey 650. The remaining classes…. In the final two classes of the course, we’ll be discussing three major disorder groups. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Psychology 001Introduction to Psychology
Christopher Gade, PhDOffice: 621 Heafey
Office hours: F 3-6 and by apt. Email: [email protected]
Class WF 7:00-8:30 Heafey 650
The remaining classes… In the final two
classes of the course, we’ll be discussing three major disorder groups.– Anxiety
disorders– Mood disorders– Schizophrenia
Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders involve an intense
experience of anxiety and a series of efforts to deal with it
Four major categories of anxiety disorders:– Generalized Anxiety Disorder– Panic Disorder– Phobias– Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Is found in 5-6% of the population Involves a pervasive and free floating
anxiety Affected people feel continuously tense
and jittery, worried, and suffer from sleeplessness
Antidepressant medication & relaxation training have been shown to be effective treatments
Panic Disorder 1-3% of the population are diagnosed with this
disorder at some time in their life Identified by the occurrence of frequent panic
attacks– Panic attacks: minutes-long episodes of intense fear
that something awful is going to happen. These attacks feature… heart palpitations shortness of breath choking sensations trembling
Repeated incidences lead to fear of ‘panic attack’, and thus a panic disorder and associated phobias, i.e. agoraphobia
Antidepressants and behavior therapy are common treatments
Age and time also are associated with a decrease in panic disorder occurrence rates
Phobias Afflicts 11% of the population during their lifetime
and 5-6% at any time Fears are identified as a phobia when anxiety or
irrational fear of a particular object or situation are extreme enough to interfere with everyday living
There is evidence for a genetic link in the predisposition for developing phobias, (some life experience usually must occur to cause the phobia)
Behavioral therapy that have been shown to ameliorate phobias – systematic desensitization and flooding– Video
Pharmacological therapy for phobias include tranquilizers and antidepressant drugs
Phobias (cont)
Some theories for the cause of phobias:– We might be
evolutionarily ‘primed’ for fear of some and situations Snakes versus electricity
– Our fears of certain objects or situations are based on amount of safe vs. scary exposures Airplanes versus
automobiles
– people are more prone to develop phobias of objects or situations that they cannot predict or control Shark attacks
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Found in 2-3% of the population Repetitive, irresistible acts (compulsions)
performed to alleviate an ongoing anxious stream of thought (obsessions) with such persistence that they interfere with normal life activities
Typically found in average, hard working perfectionists
Some evidence for genetic contribution to OCD, especially in patients that develop OCD before 18 yrs
Most OCD individuals improve with or without treatment over time
Exposure therapy is often used: present the OCD person with a situation which facilitates the obsessions and prevent them from performing the compulsions to demonstrate that nothing catastrophic will occur
Overview All of the different disorders
discussed in this portion all classified under the anxiety disorders category in the DSM
Each has its own prevalence, defining characteristics, and causes/solutions
However, when looking at these disorders, they are all considered very similar by most clinical psychologists
Mood Disorders Mood disorders all involve long-term
problems with basic emotions All but one of the most prevalent mood
disorders are associated with a negative, unpleasant mood
There are a number of mood disorders that exist, with one being the most prevalent and well known– Depression– Seasonal Affective Disorder– Dysthymia– Bipolar Disorder
Depression 5% of population is diagnosed in a given
year, 10-20% in their lifetime Multiple symptoms associated with the
diagnosis of this disorder– feeling little interest in anything (including food
and sex)– little pleasure derived from any activity– little motivation to be productive for an extended
period of time (at least 2 weeks)
Also associated with – A feeling of powerlessness, guilt and
worthlessness– Suicidal ideation and attempts– sleep abnormalities
Depression (cont.) Depression is a family and genetic linked disorder Life events contribute to the emergence of
depression Women are diagnosed with depression about twice
as much Cognitions are associated with depression:
– pessimistic vs. optimistic– internal vs. external– global vs. singular– stable vs. dynamic
Treatments for depression: – regular sleep and exercise for mild to moderate depression– ECT (no statistical proof of efficacy, but used for major
depression)– placebo– drug interventions– psychotherapies
Few people remain permanently depressed
Moving on… In the next class, we’ll revisit the
topic of mood disorders
We’ll also examine a third common type of disorder, schizophrenia
See you then