The Renaissance & Reformation

1300- 1650

Filippo Brunelleschi• Commissioned

to build the cathedral dome.– Used unique

architectural concepts.He studied the

ancient Pantheon in Rome.

Used ribs for support.

� Filippo Brunelleschi1377 - 1436

� Architect

� Cuppolo of St. Mariadel Fiore

Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseBaptistry Door, Florence – 1425 -

1452

Comparing Domes

Other Famous Domes

Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

I. Why in Italy at this Time?

• New interest in ancient Rome society

• Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy

• Cities survived middle ages

• Wealthy and powerful merchant class-

Florence

• Merchant class promoted cultural rebirth- stressed education and Individual achievement

• Medici family-Florence

• Patron= financial supporter of arts

Florence Under the Medici

Medici Chapel

The Medici Palace

Renaissance = “Rebirth”

• Change in way people viewed themselves and world

• Medieval scholars- focus on life after death• Renaissance- focus “Individual

Achievement• Humanism- intellectual movement applied

wisdom of ancients to renaissance world• A man with talent in many fields ? Who

The Renaissance “Man”

• Broad knowledge about many things in different fields.

• Deep knowledge/skill in one area.• Able to link information from

different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.

• The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

1. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512

1452 - 1519

� Artist

� Sculptor

� Architect

� Scientist

� Engineer

� Inventor

� Vitruvian Man

� Leonardo daVinci

� 1492

TheL’uomo

universale

Leonardo, the Artist:From hisNotebooks of over 5000

pages (1508-1519)

Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4

A Macaroni Mona

ParodyThe Best Form of Flattery?

A Picasso Mona

An Andy Warhol Mona

A “Mona”ca Lewinsky

Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??

• Perspective- technique in painting makes distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer

horizontal

vert

ical

Perspective!

The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John or Mary Magdalene?

Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook

� An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):

Pages from his Notebook

Leonardo, the Inventor:

Pages from his Notebook

A study of siege defenses.

Studies of water-lifting devices.

Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his

Notebook

Michelangelo

• Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

• Conflict with Pope Julius II

• Incredible energy and endurance

• “Mannerism”

� David

� MichelangeloBuonarotti

� 1504

� Marble

� The Pieta

� MichelangeloBuonarroti

� 1499

� marble

The Popes as Patrons of the Arts

The Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo Buonarroti

1508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel Details

Creation of Man

The Sistine Chapel Details

The Fall from Grace

The Sistine Chapel Details

The Last Judgment

Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,

1514-1515� Castiglione

author wrote a guide for members of the court

� Ideal man-athletic but not overactive, good at games, but not a gambler,

Renaissance Art and Architecture

• Raphael (1483-1520)

• Man of great sensitivity and kindness

• Died at the age of 37

• “The School of Athens”

• Famous for frescoes in the Vatican Palace

Perspective!

Perspective!

Betrothal

of the Virgin

Raphael

1504

Raphael’s Madonnas (1)

Sistine Madonna Cowpepper Madonna

Albrecht Durer

• German Leonardo• Wide ranging

interests• Northern Europe

Renaissance slowed by lack of economic growth

Dürer

FourHorsemenof theApocalypse

woodcut, 1498

Dürer

The Last Supper

woodcut, 1510

Pieter Bruegel the (1525-1569)• One of the greatest artistic geniuses of

his age.• Painted scenes of daily life• Was deeply concerned with human vice

and follies.• A master of landscapes; not a portraitist.

– People in his works often have round, blank, heavy faces.

– They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes malicious.

– They are types, rather than individuals.– Their purpose is to convey a message.

Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563

Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568

Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568

Renaissance Society

• Number of portraits painted during this era illustrates focus on the individual achievement

• Focus on man’s free will

• Women artists work secret

V. Renaissance Politics

• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)-- “The Prince”

• The goal of the prince must be power

• Cynical view of human nature

• Fear is a better motivator than affection

• Politics as the art of deception

Quintin Massey,

Old Woman,

1513

VI. Renaissance Art and Architecture

• Greek & Roman architecture was revived in Renaissance building projects

Printing Press

• The significance of Gutenberg’s printing press- new middle class, new audience for literature in vernacular

• Explosion of printed materials

• The impact of movable-type printing presses: research and literacy

Social Reform

• Thomas More--Utopia- called for social reforms--Executed by Henry VIII in 1535

Miguel de Cervantes

• Spanish Renaissance

• Don Quixote- mocks medieval chivalry

Most far-reaching influence

• William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

• Enriched English language*

• Macbeth: ambition• Hamlet:

individualism• Keen sensitivity to

sounds and meanings of words