The ReformationCauses

• Causes of the Reformation:1. The Crusades2. Social and Economic Changes

(breakdown of feudalism and manorialism)

3. Renaissance ideas like humanism (realism) and the rethinking of old beliefs.

4. Corrupt Church leaders• These four causes led to a

theological conflict that would divide the Christian community.

What caused the Reformation?

The ReformationOrigin and Diffusion

• Martin Luther posted the 95 Theses on a church door declaring his arguments against the Catholic Church, and started the Reformation.

• Where: Northern Europe, Germany• The printing press played a huge

role in spreading Reformation ideas throughout Europe.

What actually started the Reformation?

Where did the Reformation begin?

What played an important role in the spread of the Reformation?

The ReformationTheology Salvation (how is a person saved?)

Catholic: Faith and (good)WorksReformation: Faith Alone

Relationship with GodCatholic: includes the need for a priest to mediate.Reformation: Direct relationship with God, never need a priest.

What was the theological difference between Protestants and Catholics on salvation?

What was the theological difference between Protestants and Catholics on the relationship a believer had with God?

The ReformationTheology Bible

Catholic: Bible is important, but must be understood with the teachings of the Pope and Bishops.Reformation: Bible should be written in the vernacular, and people can read it for themselves and know the truth about God. No need for a Church to explain anything (Humanism).

What was the theological difference between Protestants and Catholics on the Bible?

What are some Protestant beliefs that reflect Renaissance ideas?

The ReformationAbuse of Indulgences

• Church leaders would sell indulgences to pay for expensive Church projects. Sometimes this money was not used for good, many leaders were corrupt.

Forgiveness and IndulgencesCatholic: A priest has the sacramental power to forgive sins in the name of Jesus. The Church can remove the punishment for sin.Reformation: Only God can forgive sins, and when he does he also forgives all punishment.

What is an example of Catholic corruption that led to the Reformation?

What was the theological difference between Protestants and Catholics on indulgences?

The ReformationReformers

Martin LutherOriginal Intent: He was a Catholic monk who wanted to reform the Church, not leave it.

• Luther was excommunicated, but many continued to follow Luther.

• Luther famously translated the Bible into German

• Created his own church denomination later called the Lutheran Church.

What was Martin Luther’s original intent?

What did Luther do after he was excommunicated from the Catholic Church?

The ReformationReformers

John Calvin

• He expanded on Luther’s ideas and creating a new group of protestants called Calvinists or Reformed.

• He rallied Protestants to completely reject Catholicism

• Early American Protestants like the Pilgrims or Puritans were Calvinists. In France they were called Huguenots.

What did John Calvin do?

The ReformationReformers

King Henry VIII

• He was at first believed to be the perfect Catholic leader, defending Catholicism against the rebel protestants.

• When his wife failed to have a son, he demanded a divorce, but the pope would not allow it.

• The king forced the Bishops of his country to pledge allegiance to him as the new leader of the English or Anglican Church, and to reject the power of the pope.

• King Henry gave himself a divorce and married 5 more times.

Why did King Henry VIII leave the Catholic Church and create his own?

1. What caused the Reformation?2. What actually started the Reformation?3. Where did the Reformation begin?4. What played an important role in the spread of the Reformation?5. Name 2 theological differences between Catholics and Protestants.

Describe these differences.6. What are some Protestant beliefs that reflect Renaissance ideas?7. What is an example of Catholic corruption that led to the

Reformation?8. What was Martin Luther’s original intent?9. What did Luther do after he was excommunicated from the Catholic

Church?10. What did John Calvin do?11. Why did King Henry VIII leave the Catholic Church and create his

own?