THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLERex S. JardelezaMAEd – Biological Sciences

The Mammal Reproductive Cycle

ZYGOTE• a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

MORULLA• a solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum, and from which a blastula is

formed.

BLASTOCYST• a mammalian blastula in which some differentiation of cells has occurred.

EMBRYO• an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development.

FETUS• an unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human baby more than eight

weeks after conception.

NEONATE• a baby from birth to four week

The Bird Reproductive Cycle

The Amphibian Reproductive Cycle

The Amphibian Reproductive Cycle

A jelly-like eggs are laid in water, hatch into legless tadpoles with gills, the tadpoles grow one set of legs, then they metamorphose into an air-breathing froglet with a tail. Froglets lose their tails as they grow into adult frogs. A lot of amphibians lay their eggs out of water, finding interesting ways to keep their eggs and tadpoles wet.

The Insect Reproductive Cycle

EGG: unborn stage.

LARVA: the active immature form of an insect, esp. one that differs greatly from the adult and forms the stage

between egg and pupa, e.g., a caterpillar or grub.

PUPA: an insect in its inactive immature form between larva and adult, e.g., a chrysalis.

ADULT: final, breeding stage (they usually grow wings)

The Fish Reproductive Cycle

The Plant Reproductive Cycle

Asexual Reproduction

• Asexual reproduction is natural “cloning.” Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become an independent plant.

Sexual Reproduction• Sexual reproduction requires fusion of male

cells in the pollen grain with female cells in the ovule.

• Haploid: having a single set of chromosomes in each cell.

• Diploid: having two sets of chromosomes in each cell.

• Mitosis: cell division, which produces two genetically identical cells.

• Meiosis: reduction division, which produces four haploid reproductive cells.

Terms to know:

Plant Life Cycle

Alternation of Generations• Plants have a double life cycle with two

distinct forms:– Sporophyte: diploid, produce haploid spores by

meiosis.– Gametophyte: haploid, produce gametes by

mitosis.

Non-flowering plants

Mosses, ferns, and related plants have motile, swimming sperm.

Parts of the Flower

Incomplete flowers• Flowers are complete if they have all

parts, and perfect if they have both male and female parts.

• Grass flowers: incomplete, usually imperfect (separate male and female flowers)

• A tulip is complete (though the sepals are the same color as the petals) and perfect.

Angiosperm Life Cycle

Double Fertilization

Flower to Fruit

Seed Anatomy

Seed Germination

The Miracle of Life

Thank You for Listening