The Research Paper

What does this quote

mean?

Day 1

MLA FormatPlagiarism

Parenthetical DocumentationWorks Cited Page

What is the simile being used? What is it comparing?

How is PLAGIARISM affecting our world?

In FILMBollywood Film Posters

• http://mtv.in.com/blogs/movies-blog/gossip/the-5-best-copycats-12176.html

In FASHION

Geoffrey Beene VS Phoebe Philo’s Celine AW13

In MUSIC

"Ice, Ice Baby” and David

Bowie’s “Under Pressure”

In ART-Andy Warhol

• Took images from other photographers and changed them to silk-screen

In POLITICSJoe Biden

• Forced to drop out of the 1988 Presidential nominations because he plagiarized in law school and failed a course because of it.

How can you avoid PLAGIARIZING in your research paper?

1. Use QUOTATION marks to identify a direct quote from your source. ALWAYS use quotation marks around quotes taken from your text which are word for word. Only use direct quotes when it is important for the reader to know the exact words that the author used. You also need to cite the source of your information immediately after your direct quote.

The Crime of Plagiarism

2. CITE the source of your information when using ideas and information taken from the text. Even if you put the information in your own words, you must still cite your source.

The Crime of Plagiarism

3. PARAPHRASE correctly. Just changing one or two words in a sentence from your source is not acceptable, even if you cite it. You must use your own sentence structure and ideas.

The Crime of Plagiarism

4. Do NOT use others’ WORKS and IDEAS as your OWN. The most obvious form of plagiarism is turning in work that you did not complete at all, but that you “borrowed” from another and turned it in as your own. Just changing the name and some words does not make it yours.

Avoiding Plagiarism

• If you have any information that contains a NUMERICAL figure, make sure that you document it. As a rule, numbers are not common knowledge.

Avoiding Plagiarism

• Do not try to write as PROFESSIONAL as the sources you are using. Use coherent language and avoid long technical terms whose meaning you do not know.

Who can tell me what the following represents?

Petree NC 27104 Rd.Winston-Salem

Mount Tabor’s Address!

Why should we care where NW Pennsylvania DC Avenue

Washington 1600 20500

If you can decipher the address, you can get somewhere AWESOME…

The White House!!

You can get sources from ALL OVER the world…

And your reader wants to know how you got there!

A citation is like an address- you need to include the RIGHT information in the

RIGHT order. Otherwise, we’re all lost.

You’re giving your reader the location of your source- in other words, your source’s

address.

St. Basil’s Cathedral: Which one?

A complete, accurate citation not only tells your reader WHERE you got your information, but HOW you got there.

St. Basil’s CathedralRed Square

Moscow, Russia

NOTE: Some sources will have less information than others– but be sure to include available information.

THE WORKS CITED PAGE

• The title of the page, WORKS CITED, is centered at the top of the page.

• Everything on the page is DOUBLE-SPACED, never more than that.

• Entries on a Works Cited page are called BIBLIOGRAPHIC entries, which means “Biblio”- BOOK and “graphic”-WRITING.

•  The entries on the Works Cited page are in ALPHABETICAL order.

General Info. About Works Cited:

General Info. About Works Cited:  When you alphabetize, you alphabetize by the FIRST word of the bibliographic entry, unless it begins with the three English articles, A , AN , and THE. You ignore these words and alphabetize by the SECOND word in the title.

•You do not INDENT the first line of a bibliographic entry, but you do indent the SECOND line of a bibliographic entry. It is the opposite of a PARAGRAPH in an essay where you indent the FIRST line.

• All of your SOURCES must be DOCUMENTED in your paper, so be sure to put only the sources you used on your Works Cited page.

• Every PERIOD, COMMA, and COLON are very important, so do not get careless when you create your entries.

General Info. About Works Cited:

Works Cited Page: Books*Basic Format:

Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication:

Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.

Examples:

Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York:

Penguin, 1987. Print.

Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to

Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print.

Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St.

Martin's, 1997. Print.

---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale:

Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print.

Practice with a BOOK!

Bibliography Cards

Works Cited Page: Web*Web Source Format:

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article

Name.” Name of Site. Name of institution/organization

affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last

update. Medium of publication. Date of access.

Works Cited Page: Web*Examples:

Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.”

A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A

List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009.

Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory.

Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.

"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow.com. eHow,

n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.

Practice with a WEBSITE!

iOS7: What iPhone, iPad owners need to know

Bibliography Cards

NOW IT’S YOUR TURNLook at your SOURCES TEMPLATE from

Google Classroom to find your webpages. Then, begin filling out your

INTERNET SOURCES LIST.

Citation Maker

• Example Internet Source• Best Citation Maker:

– http://www.bibme.org/mla • It does bibliographic entries for your Works Cited Page

AND Parenthetical Documentation.

TYPE ROUGH DRAFT WORKS CITED PAGE

Begin typing this in your RESEARCH PAPER 1ST DRAFT on Google ClassroomAdd your Bibliographic Entries as you

find them.

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION

What about IN-TEXT citation?

An in-text citation (or parenthetical documentation) is like a sign post for your reader. It points them in the direction of a particular source on your Works Cited page.

What if I have two sources with the same author or title?

Barnes & Noble1315 North MilwaukeeBoise, ID 83704

Barnes & Noble800 Bolyston StreetSuite 179Boston, MA 02199

Barnes & Noble1315 North MilwaukeeBoise, ID 83704

Barnes & Noble800 Bolyston StreetSuite 179Boston, MA 02199

Find a way to distinguish between the two– and be consistent!

(Barnes & Noble, Boise)

(Barnes & Noble, Boston)

Parenthetical Documentation

How much of my paper should be documented?You do not have to document your TOPIC or

TRANSITION sentence because you wrote them. The rest of every body paragraph must be from a SOURCE, and must be documented.

How do you document?To document, you put important information in

PARENTHESIS after the information you have QUOTED, PARAPHRASED, or SUMMARIZED.

Parenthetical Documentation

Author-Page Style*In-text Example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a

"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of

powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively

explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford

U.P., 1967. Print.

Print Source with Author

In-text Example:

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as

"symbol-using animals" (3).

Human beings have been described as "symbol-using

animals" (Burke 3).

Print Source with Author*

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays

on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of

California P, 1966. Print.

With Unknown Author*In-text Example:

We see so many global warming hotspots in North America

likely because this region has “more readily accessible

climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor

and study environmental change . . .” (“Impact of Global

Warming” 6).

With Unknown Author*

Corresponding Works Cited Entry:

“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.”

GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar.

2009.

Where do you put the period?

In-Text Citations

• 1 sentence– “In 2013, more than 59 percent of the population

still believed that more than one person was involved in the murder of John F. Kennedy” (“Who shot the president” 78).

In-Text Citations• More than 1 sentence• In contrast to the conclusions of the Warren Commission,

the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded in 1978 that Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. The HSCA found the original FBI investigation and the Warren Commission Report to be seriously flawed. While agreeing with the Commission that Oswald fired all the shots which caused the wounds to Kennedy and Connally, the HSCA stated that there were at least four shots fired (only three of which could be linked to Oswald) and that there was a high probability that two gunmen fired at the President. (“Who Shot JFK” 56-58)

In-Text Citations

• More than one source in a sentence• Although some medical ethicists claim that

cloning will lead to designer children (Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (James 46).

Bennett 5Works Cited

“Food in Germany.” Foods Around the World. 6 February 2007. Web. 30

January 2010.

German Culture. Berlin: Deutschland Publishing, 2007. Print.

Schaefer, Laurie. Personal Interview. 5 February 2007.

Wooten, Meredith. I Love Kraut. Pfafftown: Tabor Publishers, 1999.

Print.

Zimmermeyer, Dave. “Soccer, the Unknown Sport.” Sports Unlimited. 5

March 2009. Web. 2 February 2010.

Food is an interesting aspect of Germany’s culture. This first and second sentence of the paragraph are from an Internet source without an author, which is very common for Internet sources. The Internet source is only three pages long, and you know that because the printout tells you in the upper right hand corner( “Food in Germany” 1-3) The next two sentences are from a brochure, which is always documented as if it is a book. Often, because brochures are written by advertising agencies, you will not have an author, so remember that you just use the title, which you can usually find on the front cover of the brochure (German Culture 1) This one sentence is from an interview with one of your favorite teachers who traveled to Germany; this teacher gave some wonderful insight into the food of the country and how much she loved it (Schaefer Interview) The final three sentences are from a book with an author. You found this great information on food to finish the paragraph. The page numbers that you used were pages 1121-1123 (Wooten 1121-1123) Many spectators at the popular sports in Germany enjoy eating these wonderful foods.

• Why do they need to include the year of publication?

• Because it's part of the address.• Why don't they copy and paste the URL from a

database source? • Because it's bad directions.• Why do we need in-text citations? • They're a sign post for your reader.

TO REVIEW

Citation Maker

• Example Internet Source• Best Citation Maker:

– http://www.bibme.org/mla • It does bibliographic entries for your Works Cited Page

AND Parenthetical Documentation.

• William College Libraries: Citation Game• William College Libraries: MLA Master Blaster

Game• Grammar Quizzes: Citation Game• University of Washington: Citation Game

Research Paper Organization

What are you trying to tell your

audience?

Examples:--the impact of the atomic bomb on modern warfare----the assassination of JFK remains one of the biggest and most controversial American mysteries to date--the battle of Antietam was one of the bloodiest battles in American history

What does your audience need to

know about your topic to be informed?

EXAMPLE TOPIC: Stock Market Crash of

1929

20s Decade Causes of Crash Effects of Crash

Roaring 20sFlappers, Jazz

Age, Prohibition

Low Wages Increase of Debt

Billions of $$ Lost

Great Depression

Add supporting details and extra information

1920s Decade

-Fashion changed with the flappers-Jazz music blossomed with artists like Duke Ellington-Prohibition was the ban on alcohol, put into law with the 18th Amendment, and it led to bootlegging.

LOOK AT THESIS WRITING HANDOUT IN GOOGLE

CLASSROOM

What is a thesis statement?

• A thesis statement is an opinion-based sentence that names the topic of your paper. It is the last sentence in your introduction.

A thesis statement must do three things:

• Make a claim (that is debatable)• Be supportable with research• Be specific and narrow (only covering

what is discussed in paper) • Be expressed in one sentence

**You may need to revise it after you’ve written your paper in its entirety.

Weak

Drug addiction is a big problem.

Strong

Drug addiction has caused a huge increase in violent crimes.

Weak

Home and schools.

Strong

Parents need to participate more in the education of their children.

WeakI want to share some thoughts with you about the space program.

StrongThe space program is a waste of money.

Never use first (I, me, we, my, mine, our) or second (you, your) person in your final thesis statement. It’s too informal.

Write a belief statement about your topic:

• I believe….

Example: I believe that the SAT tests should be eliminated.

Now add a fact to the belief statement

• I believe….because….

Example: I believe that the SAT tests should be eliminated because they cannot predict success in college.

Finally, take away your “I believe” statement and you have your thesis!

Example: SAT tests should be eliminated because they cannot predict success in college.

Day 2

Contents of RP:Introduction

Body ParagraphsConclusion

Sample 1st Page*

PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZING

Paraphrasing and Summarizing

Definition of Paraphrasing: A restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words.

• Include ALL of the ideas mentioned in the original passage

• Follow the ORIGINAL order of ideas• Keep the length approximately the SAME as the

original• Do not add your own thoughts or views

Definition of Summary: Presenting the substance in a condensed form by reducing to its main points

• Include only the MAIN points of the original passage• Do NOT worry about following the original order of

ideas• Keep the length to between ¼ and ½ of the length of

the original• Do not add your own thoughts or ideas

Paraphrasing and Summarizing

Original Text:“Australian cuisine has the most diverse range, quality, and inventiveness than many others in the world. Australia is also well known for its fresh ingredients such as seafood, local fruits, beef and lamb, as well as its world class cheeses” (“Food” 1)Paraphrased Text: Which parts of this paraphrasing are too close to the original?Australian food is considered to have a wide range and is best known for its quality and uniqueness when compared to many others in the world. They are also famous for their fresh ingredients, such as seafood, local fruits, beef and lamb, as well as its world class cheeses.

Paraphrasing and Summarizing

Original Text:“Australian cuisine has the most diverse range, quality, and inventiveness than many others in the world. Australia is also well known for its fresh ingredients such as seafood, local fruits, beef and lamb, as well as its world class cheeses” (“Food” 1)Summarized Text: What could be added to make this a more effective summary?Food in Australia is world famous for its wide range and unique flavors.

Paraphrasing and Summarizing

The Introductio

n

The Introductio

n

The IntroductionThe Hook—opening sentence that catches the reader’s attention1.Quote from a source2.Startling Statement/fact/statistic (use a misconception about the topic)3.Vivid word picture description (of a scene or story related to topic)4.Image bursts (Ancient buildings. Spicy food. Colorful clothing.)5.Rhetorical question (make sure it is appropriate and thought-provoking)

The Introduction

The Link-bridge between hook & thesis statement, explaining the significance of the hook

All Hard Core Rock musicians aredrug-seeking Satan worshippers whoare hardened criminals. This is amisconception that many people share about those who perform Hard Core Rockmusic, but this is not an accurate image of all of these artists.

The Introduction

Thesis Statement—purpose of paper and preview of points

Hard Core Rock music is a genre that is misunderstood because the positive message is often overlooked.

Write your thesis from your worksheet in the box on your handout.

Body Paragraphs

Writing Paragraphs• Organized around one “controlling” idea that is

usually stated in a topic sentence• Made up of supporting sentences that develop

the main idea• Typically 5-8 sentences• Topic Sentence: doesn’t have to be the first

sentence (you can begin a paragraph with details that build up to a summary topic sentence)

• Topic Sentence formula: topic + something particular about the topic

• You should always be able to find a topic sentence in a paragraph!

Body ParagraphsTopic Sentence—clearly identifies main

point of the paragraph…it is like a mini thesis statement for each paragraph.

The variety of cuisine in Brussels provides a delicious culinary experience.

Write a topic sentence for each of your body paragraphs.

Body ParagraphsTransition sentence to next point (reviews current

paragraph and previews relationship with next paragraph; it is the puzzle piece that connects your paragraphs).

Belgians enjoy eating their delicious food while watching popular sporting events.

Write a transition statement for each of your body paragraphs. The last body paragraph’s transition sentence is a summary of that paragraph’s main idea.

Body ParagraphsMeat of the paragraph: • Find information about the topic of each

paragraph and put it in your own words. • Start writing after the topic sentence.• Make sure you are putting the

information in a logical order and are paraphrasing correctly!

• Don’t forget to document at the end of each block of information you paraphrase from a source.

The Conclusion

Restate Thesis (paraphrase your own thesis…no more than three words in a row from the original)

NEVER BEGIN WITH “IN CONCLUSION” or “As you can

see,” or “As already stated,”

The Conclusion

Intensified Insight leading into a quote (Give any final thoughts and lead into a quote

that you find in your source.)

People should make informed decisions about Heavy Metal music before criticizing it. Neil Young agreed with this when he said, “All that stuff about heavy metal and hard rock, I don't subscribe to any of that. It's all just music…Who's to say what is and isn't a certain type of music?” (Young 1).

Reminders for your paper.

• Make sure you have parenthetical documentation in EVERY PARAGRAPH and a Works Cited page.

• ONLY 3 Direct Quotes Allowed.

• No 1st or 2nd person (I, me, my, you, our, us, we)

• No contractions (can’t, won’t, shouldn’t)

Works Cited Page

Some information on this PowerPoint was copied from the following website:

-“The Basic Principles of Persuasive Writing.” UBC Writing Centre. The University of British Colombia, 8 March 2010. Web. 23 March 2010.

-www.eNotes.com/topics/how-write-argumentative-essay

Starred Slides from Purdue OWL

Purdue Writing Lab Phone Number: 765-494-3723

Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/