the research – teaching nexus

rhetoric or reality

inextricably linked?

• two academic ‘products’, like wool and mutton, delivered in harmonious joint supply (Halsey, 1992)

inextricably linked?

the quintessential academic is a Nobel Prize winner who can enthral an

undergraduate class

(Baker, 1986)

New Zealand Education Amendment Act of (1990)

• a characteristic of a university – research and teaching closely interdependent – most teaching done by people active in

advancing knowledge

• a ‘degree’ is a qualification– of advanced learning – taught mainly by people engaged in research

NZ TertiaryEducation Commission (2001)

• proposed amending legislation to:– taught by people who have a comprehensive

and current knowledge of their discipline and the skills to communicate that knowledge

protest and opposition

resulted

but what’s really happening?- research indications -

Hattie & Marsh (1996, 2002, 2004)

• the overall conclusion of a zero relation was found across:

– disciplines– departments– various measures of research output – various measures of teaching quality– different categories of university

Hattie and Marsh (2002)

“Based on this review we concluded that the common belief that research and teaching are inextricably entwined is an enduring myth. At best, research and teaching are

very loosely coupled.

“It is important not to perpetuate the myth that there is a positive and reciprocal

relation between teaching and research.”

Hattie & Marsh research investigation in one NZ

University (2004)

mission statement included

‘retaining a core commitment to research-based teaching and enhancing scholarship through clearly linking research,

professional practice and teaching.’

what they found

• difficult to find that executed in any policy statements– no reference in

• processes of appointment• continuation• promotion • performance review• application for study leave• (excepting for promotion to Senior Lecturer)

– no reference to the nexus • in proposals for new courses• student evaluation forms • reviews of Departments • internal grants

Hattie & Marsh (2004)

We suggest that if such a case study was conducted in most Universities, there would be a similar pattern of rewarding the parts separately,

but rarely the nexus.

… not surprising that the context in which academics work is part of the explanation as to

why there is a zero relationship between teaching and research.

Institutional level

• little or no attention– to research in learning & teaching strategies– of teaching in research strategies – to potential conflicts or synergies between

research and teaching strategies– to mechanisms to exploit nexus

the nexus is an aspiration with no plan(Gibbs, 2001)

the linkage is not automatic

both are acts of learning and we can build the linkage

through a learning focus

Boyers’ typology of scholarship

• discovery scholarship – (advancing knowledge)

• integration scholarship– (synthesizing knowledge)

• service scholarship – (advancing and applying knowledge)

• teaching scholarship – (advancing and applying knowledge about

how to teach and promote learning).

If serious about the nexus?

• need to be more strategic about building it

• linkage must be built systematically and strategically: – the student learning experience

• curriculum, course design & evaluations

– departmental planning– institutional strategies– national strategies and planning

more careful thought about conflicts & synergies between research & teaching

strategies

“There lies before me a great and hazardous adventure which I must see

through to the very end.”

Homer, The Odyssey

The way to gain a good reputation

is to endeavour to be

what you desire to appear

Socrates